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1、近 十 年 考 研 英 语 一 真 题 及 答 案 Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,Bl,C or D onANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as“a bodily exercise precious to health.But-someclaims to the contr
2、ary,laughing probably has little influence on physical filness Laughter do es short-termchanges in the function of the heart and its blood v e s s e l s,h e a r t rate and oxygen consumption But because hardlaughter is difficult t o,a good laugh is unlikely to have benefits the way,say,walking or jo
3、gging does.,instead of straining muscles to build them,as exercise does,laughter apparently accomplishes t h e,studiesdating back to the 1930s indicate that laughter,muscles,Such bodily reaction might conceivably help the effects of psychological stress.Any way,the act of laughingprobably does produ
4、ce other types o f feedback,that improve an individuaFs emotional state.oneclassical theory of emotion,our feelings are partially rooted physical reactions.It was argued at the end ofthe 19th century that humans do not cry they are sad but they become sad when te tears begin to flow.Although sadness
5、 a lso tears,evidence suggests that emotions can flow muscular responses.In anexperiment published in 1988,social psychologist Fritz.1.AJamong Bexcept Cdespite Dlike2.Areflect Bdemand Cindicate Dproduce3.Astabilizing Bboosting Cimpairing Ddetermining4.Atransmit Bsustain fCevaluate Dobserve5.Ameasura
6、ble Bmanageable Caffordable Drenewable6.AJln turn|BIn fact|CIn addition|D|ln brief7.Aopposite BJimpossible Caverage Dexpected8.Ahardens|B(weakens Ctightens Drelaxes9.Aaggravate Bgenerate Cmoderate Denhance10.Aphysical Bmental Csubconscious Dinternal11.AExcept for BAccording to CDue to DAs for12.Awit
7、h Bon Cin Dat13.AJunless Buntil Cif Dbecause14.Aexhausts|Bfollows Cprecedes Djsuppresses15.Ainto Bfrom Ctowards Dbeyond16.Afetch Bbite Clpick Dhold17.Adisappointed Bexcited Cjoyful Dindifferent18.AJadapted Bcatered Cturned DJreacted19.Asuggesting|B(requiring C|mentioning DJsupposing20.AEventually BC
8、onsequently CSimilarly DJConverselySection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or|D|.Markyour answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)Text 1The decision of the New York Philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its nex
9、t music director has been the talk ofthe classical-music world ever since the sudden announcement of his appointment in 2009.For the most part,theresponse has been favorable,to say the least.Hooray!At last!”wrote Anthony Tommasini,a sober-sidedclassical-music critic.One of the reasons why the appoin
10、tment came as such a surprise,however,is that Gilbert is comparatively littleknown.Even Tommasini,who had advocated Gilberts appointment in the Times,calls him“an unpretentiousmusician with no air of the formidable conductor about him.As a description of the next music director of anorchestra that h
11、as hitherto been led by musicians like Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez,that seems likely to havestruck at least some Times readers as faint praise.For my part,I have no idea whether Gilbert is a great conductor or even a good one.To be sure,he performs animpressive variety of interesting composition
12、s,but it is not necessary for me to visit Avery Fisher Hall,or anywhereelse,to hear interesting orchestral music.All I have to do is to go to my CD shelf,or boot up my computer anddownload still more recorded music from iTunes.Devoted concertgoers who reply that recordings are no substitute for live
13、 performance are missing the point.Forthe time,attention,and money of the art-loving public,classical instrumentalists must compete not only with operahouses,dance troupes,theater companies,and museums,but also with the recorded performances of the greatclassical musicians of the 20th century.There
14、recordings are cheap,available everywhere,and very often muchhigher in artistic quality than todays live performances;moreover,they can be“consumed“at a time and place of thelisteners choosing.The widespread availability of such recordings has thus brought about a crisis in the institution ofthe tra
15、ditional classical concert.One possible response is for classical performers to program attractive new music that is not yet available onrecord.Gilberts own interest in new music has been widely noted:Alex Ross,a classical-music critic,has describedhim as a man who is capable of turning the Philharm
16、onic into“a markedly different,more vibrant organization.Butwhat will be the nature of that difference?Merely expanding the orchestras repertoire will not be enough.If Gilbertand the Philharmonic are to succeed,they must first change the relationship between Americas oldest orchestra andthe new audi
17、ence it hops to attract.21.We learn from Para.1 that Gilberts appointment hasAincurred criticism.Braised suspicion.Creceived acclaim.D J aroused curiosity.22.Tommasini regards Gilbert as an artist who isAinfluential.B modest.Crespectable.Dtalented.23.The author believes that the devoted concertgoers
18、Aignore the expenses of live performances.Breject most kinds of recorded performances.Cexaggerate the variety of live performances.Doverestimate the value of live performances.24.According to the text,which of the following is true of recordings?AThey are often inferior to live concerts in quality.I
19、B|They are easily accessible to the general public.CThey help improve the quality of music.DThey have only covered masterpieces.25.Regarding Gilberts role in revitalizing the Philharmonic,the author feelsAdoubtfuLBenthusiastic.CJconfident.DJpuzzled.Text 2When Liam McGee departed as president of Bank
20、 of America in August,his explanation was surprisinglystraight up.Rather than cloaking his exit in the usual vague excuses,he came right out and said he was leaving“topursue my goal of running a company,Broadcasting his ambition was“very much my decision,M McGee says.Within two weeks,he was talking
21、for the first time with the board of Hartford Financial Services Group,whichnamed him CEO and chairman on September 29.McGee says leaving without a position lined up gave him time to reflect on what kind of company he wanted torun.It also sent a clear message to the outside world about his aspiratio
22、ns.And McGee isnt alone.In recent weeksthe No.2 executives at Avon and American Express quit with the explanation that they were looking for a CEO post.As boards scrutinize succession plans in response to shareholder pressure,executives who dont get the nod also maywish to move on.A turbulent busine
23、ss environment also has senior managers cautious of letting vaguepronouncements cloud their reputations.As the first signs of recovery begin to take hold,deputy chiefs may be more willing to make the jump without anet.In the third quarter,CEO turnover was down 23%from a year ago as nervous boards st
24、uck with the leaders theyhad,according to Liberum Research.As the economy picks up,opportunities will abound for aspiring leaders.The decision to quit a senior position to look for a better one is unconventional.For years executives andheadhunters have adhered to the rule that the most attractive CE
25、O candidates are the ones who must be poached.Says Kom/Ferry senior partner Dennis Carey:vI cant think of a single search Ive done where a board has notinstructed me to look at sitting CEOs first.”Those who jumped without a job havent always landed in top positions quickly.Ellen Marram quit as chief
26、 ofTropicana a decade age,saying she wanted to be a CEO.It was a year before she became head of a tinyInternet-based commodities exchange.Robert Willumstad left Citigroup in 2005 with ambitions to be a CEO.Hefinally took that post at a major financial institution three years later.Many recruiters sa
27、y the old disgrace is fading for top performers.The financial crisis has made it moreacceptable to be between jobs or to leave a bad one.The traditional rule was its safer to stay where you are,butthats been fundamentally inverted,“says one headhunter.tcThe people whove been hurt the worst are those
28、 whovestayed too long.”26.When McGee announced his departure,his manner can best be described as beingAarrogant.Bjfrank.Cself-centered.Dimpulsive.27.According to Paragraph 2,senior executives*quitting may be spurred byAlheir expectation of better financial status.BJtheir need to reflect on their pri
29、vate life.CJtheir strained relations with the boards.|Dtheir pursuit of new career goals.28.The word“poached”(Line 3,Paragraph 4)most probably meansAapproved of.Battended to.Chunted for.Dguarded against.29.It can be inferred from the last paragraph thatAtop performers used to cling to their posts.Bl
30、oyalty of top performers is getting out-dated.Ctop performers care more about reputations.Dits safer to stick to the traditional rules.30.Which of the following is the best title for the text?ACEOs:Where to Go?BCEOs:All the Way Up?CJTop Managers Jump without a NetDJThe Only Way Out for Top Performer
31、sText 3The rough guide to marketing success used to be that you got what you paid for.No longer.While traditional“paid”media-such as television commercials and print advertisements-still play a major role,companies todaycan exploit many alternative forms of media.Consumers passionate about a product
32、 may create“owned“media bysending e-mail alerts about products and sales to customers registered with its Web site.The way consumers nowapproach the broad range of factors beyond conventional paid media.Paid and owned media are controlled by marketers promoting their own products.For earned media,su
33、chmarketers act as the initiator fbr users responses.But in some cases,one marketer owned media become anothermarketers paid media-for instance,when an e-commerce retailer sells ad space on its Web site.We define such soldmedia as owned media whose traffic is so strong that other organizations place
34、 their content or e-commerce engineswithin that environment.This trend,which we believe is still in its infancy,effectively began with retailers and travelproviders such as airlines and hotels and will no doubt go further.Johnson&Johnson,for example,has createdBabyCenter,a stand-alone media property
35、 that promotes complementary and even competitive products.Besidesgenerating income,the presence of other marketers makes the site seem objective,gives companies opportunities tolearn valuable information about the appeal of other companies,marketing,and may help expand user traffic for allcompanies
36、 concerned.The same dramatic technological changes that have provided marketers with more(and more diverse)communications choices have also increased the risk that passionate consumers will voice their opinions in quicker,more visible,and much more damaging ways.Such hijacked media are the opposite
37、of earned media:an asset orcampaign becomes hostage to consumers,other stakeholders,or activists who make negative allegations about abrand or product.Members of social networks,for instance,are learning that they can hijack media to apply pressureon the businesses that originally created them.If th
38、at happens,passionate consumers would try to persuade others to boycott products,putting the reputation ofthe target company at risk.In such a case,the companys response may not be sufficiently quick or thoughtful,andthe learning curve has been steep.Toyota Motor,for example,alleviated some of the d
39、amage from its recall crisisearlier this year with a relatively quick and well-orchestrated social-media response campaign,which included effortsto engage with consumers directly on sites such as Twitter and the social-news site Digg.31.Consumers may create“earned“media when they areA obsessed with
40、online shopping at certain Web sites.BJ inspired by product-promoting e-mails sent to them.C eager to help their friends promote quality products.D enthusiastic about recommending their favorite products.32.According to Paragraph 2,sold media featureA a safe business environment.B|random competition
41、.C strong user traffic.D flexibility in organization.33.The author indicates in Paragraph 3 that earned mediaA invite constant conflicts with passionate consumers.B can be used to produce negative effects in marketing.C may be responsible for fiercer competition.D deserve all the negative comments a
42、bout them.34.Toyota Motors experience is cited as an example ofA responding effectively to hijacked media.B persuading customers into boycotting products.C cooperating with supportive consumers.D taking advantage of hijacked media.35.Which of the following is the text mainly about?A Alternatives to
43、conventional paid media.B Conflict between hijacked and earned media.C Dominance of hijacked media.D Popularity of owned media.Text 4Its no surprise that Jennifer Seniors insightful,provocative magazine cover story,“I love My Children,I HateMy Life,“is arousing much chatter-nothing gets people talki
44、ng like the suggestion that child rearing is anythingless than a completely fulfilling,life-enriching experience.Rather than concluding that children make parents eitherhappy or miserable,Senior suggests we need to redefine happiness:instead of thinking of it as something that can bemeasured by mome
45、nt-to-moment joy,we should consider being happy as a past-tense condition.Even though theday-to-day experience of raising kids can be soul-crushingly hard,Senior writes that“the very things that in themoment dampen our moods can later be sources of intense gratification and delight.”The magazine cov
46、er showing an attractive mother holding a cute baby is hardly the only Madonna-and-childimage on newsstands this week.There are also stories about newly adoptive-and newly single-mom SandraBullock,as well as the usual Jennifer Aniston is pregnant”news.Practically every week features at least onecele
47、brity mom,or mom-to-be,smiling on the newsstands.In a society that so persistently celebrates procreation,is it any wonder that admitting you regret having childrenis equivalent to admitting you support kitten-killing?It doesnt seem quite fair,then,to compare the regrets ofparents to the regrets of
48、the children.Unhappy parents rarely are provoked to wonder if they shouldnt have had kids,but unhappy childless folks are bothered with the message that children are the single most important thing in theworld:obviously their misery must be a direct result of the gaping baby-size holes in their live
49、s.Of course,the image of parenthood that celebrity magazines like Us Weekly and People present is hugelyunrealistic,especially when the parents are single mothers like Bullock.According to several studies concluding thatparents are less happy than childless couples,single parents are the least happy
50、 of all.No shock there,consideringhow much work it is to raise a kid without a partner to lean on;yet to hear Sandra and Britney tell it,raising a kid ontheir“own”(read:with round-the-clock help)is a piece of cake.Its hard to imagine that many people are dumb enough to want children just because Ree