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1、近十年考研英语一真题及答案Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D onANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as“a bodily exercise precious to health.But-someclaims to the contrary,laughing p
2、robably has little influence on physical filness Laughter does short-termchanges in the fimction of the heart and its blood v e s s e ls,h e a rt rate and oxygen consumption But because hardlaughter is difficult to,a good laugh is unlikely to have benefits the way,say,walking or jogging does.,instea
3、d of straining muscles to build them,as exercise does,laughter apparently accomplishes t he,studiesdating back to the 1930s indicate that laughter,muscles,Such bodily reaction might conceivably help the effects of psychological stress.Anyway,the act of laughingprobably does produce other types o f f
4、eedback,that improve an individuals emotional state.oneclassical theory of emotion,our feelings are partially rooted physical reactions.It was argued at the end ofthe 19th century that humans do not cry they are sad but they become sad when te tears begin to flow.Although sadness also tears,evidence
5、 suggests that emotions can flow muscular responses.In anexperiment published in 1988,social psychologist Fritz.1.Aamong Bexcept Cdespite Dlike2.Areflect Bdemand Cindicate Dproduce3.Astabilizing Bboosting Cimpairing Ddetermining4.Atransmit Bsustain Cevaluate Dobserve5.Amcasurable Bmanageablc Cafford
6、ablc Drenewable6.Aln turn BIn fact CIn addition DIn brief7.Aopposite Bimpossible Caverage Dexpected8.Ahardens Bweakens Ctightens Drelaxes9.Aaggravatc Bgenerate Cmoderate Dcnhance10.Aphysical Bmental Csubconscious Dintemal11.AExcept for BAccording to CDue to DAs for12.Awith Bon Cin Dat13.Aunless Bunt
7、il Cif Dbecause14.Aexhausts Bfollows Cprecedes Dsuppresses15.Ainto Bfrom Ctowards Dbeyond16.Afetch Bbite Cpick Dhold17.Adisappointed Bexcited Cjoyfiil Dindifferent18.Aadapted Bcatered Cturned Dreacted19.Asuggesting Brequiring Cmcntioning Dsupposing20.AEventually BConsequently CSimilarly DConverselyS
8、ection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Markyour answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)Text 1The decision of the New York Philhannonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next music director has been the talk of
9、the classical-music world ever since the sudden announcement of his appointment in 2009.For the most part,theresponse has been favorable,to say the least.Hooray!At last!”wrote Anthony Tommasini,a sober-sidedclassical-music critic.One of the reasons why the appointment came as such a surprise,however
10、,is that Gilbert is comparatively littleknown.Even Tommasini,who had advocated Gilberts appointment in the Times,calls him“an unpretentiousmusician with no air of the fbmiidable conductor about him.As a description of the next music director of anorchestra that has hitherto been led by musicians lik
11、e Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez,that seems likely to havestruck at least some Times readers as faint praise.For my part,I have no idea whether Gilbert is a great conductor or even a good one.To be sure,he performs animpressive variety of interesting compositions,but it is not necessary for me to v
12、isit Avery Fisher Hall,or anywhereelse,to hear interesting orchestral music.All I have to do is to go to my CD shelf,or boot up my computer anddownload still more recorded music from iTunes.Devoted concertgoers who reply that recordings are no substitute for live performance are missing the point.Fo
13、rthe time,attention,and money of the art-loving public,classical instrumentalists must compete not only with operahouses,dance troupes,theater companies,and museums,but also with the recorded performances of the greatclassical musicians of the 20th century.There recordings are cheap,available everyw
14、here,and very often muchhigher in artistic quality than todays live performances;moreover,they can be“consumed”at a time and place of thelisteners choosing.The widespread availability of such recordings has thus brought about a crisis in the institution ofthe traditional classical concert.One possib
15、le response is for classical performers to program attractive new music that is not yet available onrecord.Gilberts own interest in new music has been widely noted:Alex Ross,a classical-music critic,has describedhim as a man who is capable of turning the Philhannonic into“a markedly different,more v
16、ibrant organization.Butwhat will be the nature of that difference?Merely expanding the orchestras repertoire will not be enough.If Gilbertand the Philharmonic are to succeed,they must first change the relationship between Americas oldest orchestra andthe new audience it hops to attract.21.We learn f
17、rom Para.1 that Gilberts appointment hasAincurred criticism.Braised suspicion.Creceived acclaim.Daroused curiosity.22.Tommasini regards Gilbert as an artist who isAinfluential.Bmodest.Crespectable.Dtalented.23.The author believes that the devoted concertgoersAignore the expenses of live performances
18、.Breject most kinds of recorded performances.Cexaggerate the variety of live performances.Doverestimate the value of live performances.24.According to the text,which of the following is true of recordings?AThey are often inferior to live concerts in quality.BThey are easily accessible to the general
19、 public.CThey help improve the quality of music.DThey have only covered masterpieces.25.Regarding Gilberts role in revitalizing the Philharmonic,the author feelsAdoubtfuLBenthusiastic.Cconfident.Dpuzzled.Text 2When Liam McGee departed as president of Bank of America in August,his explanation was sur
20、prisinglystraight up.Rather than cloaking his exit in the usual vague excuses,he came right out and said he was leaving”topursue my goal of running a company.Broadcasting his ambition was“very much my decision,McGee says.Within two weeks,he was talking for the first time with the board of Hartford F
21、inancial Services Group,whichnamed him CEO and chairman on September 29.McGee says leaving without a position lined up gave him time to reflect on what kind of company he wanted torun.It also sent a clear message to the outside world about his aspirations.And McGee isnt alone.In recent weeksthe No.2
22、 executives at Avon and American Express quit with the explanation that they were looking for a CEO post.As boards scrutinize succession plans in response to shareholder pressure,executives who dont get the nod also maywish to move on.A turbulent business environment also has senior managers cautiou
23、s of letting vaguepronouncements cloud their reputations.As the first signs of recovery begin to take hold,deputy chiefs may be more willing to make the jump without anet.In the third quarter,CEO turnover was down 23%from a year ago as nervous boards stuck with the leaders theyhad,according to Liber
24、um Research.As the economy picks up,opportunities will abound fbr aspiring leaders.The decision to quit a senior position to look fbr a better one is unconventional.For years executives andheadhunters have adhered to the rule that the most attractive CEO candidates are the ones who must be poached.S
25、ays Kom/Ferry senior partner Dennis Carey:,I cant think of a single search Ive done where a board has notinstructed me to look at sitting CEOs first.”Those who jumped without a job havent always landed in top positions quickly.Ellen Marram quit as chief ofTropicana a decade age,saying she wanted to
26、be a CEO.It was a year before she became head of a tinyInternet-based commodities exchange.Robert Willumstad left Citigroup in 2005 with ambitions to be a CEO.Hefinally took that post at a major financial institution three years later.Many recruiters say the old disgrace is fading fbr top performers
27、.The financial crisis has made it moreacceptable to be between jobs or to leave a bad one.The traditional rule was its safer to stay where you are,butthats been fundamentally inverted,“says one headhunter.The people whove been hurt the worst are those whovestayed too long.”26.When McGee announced hi
28、s departure,his manner can best be described as beingA arrogant.B frank.Cself-centered.Dimpulsive.27.According to Paragraph 2,senior executives9 quitting may be spurred byAtheir expectation of better financial status.Btheir need to reflect on their private life.Ctheir strained relations with the boa
29、rds.Dtheir pursuit of new career goals.28.The word“poached”(Line 3,Paragraph 4)most probably meansAapproved of.Battendcd to.C hunted for.Dguarded against.29.It can be inferred from the last paragraph thatAtop performers used to cling to their posts.B loyalty of top performers is getting out-dated.Ct
30、op performers care more about reputations.Dits safer to stick to the traditional rules.30.Which of the following is the best title for the text?ACEOs:Where to Go?BCEOs:All the Way Up?CTop Managers Jump without a NetDThc Only Way Out for Top PerformersText 3The rough guide to marketing success used t
31、o be that you got what you paid fbr.No longer.While traditional“paid media-such as television commercials and print advertisements-still play a major role,companies todaycan exploit many alternative fbnns of media.Consumers passionate about a product may create“owned“media bysending e-mail alerts ab
32、out products and sales to customers registered with its Web site.The way consumers nowapproach the broad range of factors beyond conventional paid media.Paid and owned media are controlled by marketers promoting their own products.For earned media,suchmarketers act as the initiator fbr users respons
33、es.But in some cases,one marketers owned media become anothermarketers paid media-fbr instance,when an e-commerce retailer sells ad space on its Web site.We define such soldmedia as owned media whose traffic is so strong that other organizations place their content or e-commerce engineswithin that e
34、nvironment.This trend,which we believe is still in its infancy,effectively began with retailers and travelproviders such as airlines and hotels and will no doubt go further.Johnson&Johnson,fbr example,has createdBabyCenter,a stand-alone media property that promotes complementary and even competitive
35、 products.Besidesgenerating income,the presence of other marketers makes the site seem objective,gives companies opportunities tolearn valuable information about the appeal of other companies,marketing,and may help expand user traffic fbr allcompanies concerned.The same dramatic technological change
36、s that have provided marketers with more(and more diverse)communications choices have also increased the risk that passionate consumers will voice their opinions in quicker,more visible,and much more damaging ways.Such hijacked media are the opposite of earned media:an asset orcampaign becomes hosta
37、ge to consumers,other stakeholders,or activists who make negative allegations about abrand or product.Members of social networks,fbr instance,are learning that they can hijack media to apply pressureon the businesses that originally created them.If that happens,passionate consumers would try to pers
38、uade others to boycott products,putting the reputation ofthe target company at risk.In such a case,the companys response may not be sufficiently quick or thoughtful,andthe learning curve has been steep.Toyota Motor,for example,alleviated some of the damage from its recall crisisearlier this year wit
39、h a relatively quick and well-orchestrated social-media response campaign,which included effortsto engage with consumers directly on sites such as Twitter and the social-news site Digg.31.Consumers may create“earned”media when they areA obsessed with online shopping at certain Web sites.B inspired b
40、y product-promoting e-mails sent to them.C eager to help their friends promote quality products.D enthusiastic about recommending their favorite products.32.According to Paragraph 2,sold media featureA a safe business environment.B random competition.C strong user traffic.D flexibility in organizati
41、on.33.The author indicates in Paragraph 3 that earned mediaA invite constant conflicts with passionate consumers.B can be used to produce negative effects in marketing.C may be responsible fbr fiercer competition.D deserve all the negative comments about them.34.Toyota Motors experience is cited as
42、an example ofA responding effectively to hijacked media.B persuading customers into boycotting products.C cooperating with supportive consumers.D taking advantage of hijacked media.35.Which of the following is the text mainly about?A Alternatives to conventional paid media.B Conflict between hijacke
43、d and earned media.C Dominance of hijacked media.D Popularity of owned media.Text 4Its no surprise that Jennifer Seniors insightful,provocative magazine cover story,”【love My Children,I HateMy Life,is arousing much chatter-nothing gets people talking like the suggestion that child rearing is anythin
44、gless than a completely fulfilling,life-enriching experience.Rather than concluding that children make parents eitherhappy or miserable,Senior suggests we need to redefine happiness:instead of thinking of it as something that can bemeasured by moment-to-iTioment joy,we should consider being happy as
45、 a past-tense condition.Even though theday-to-day experience of raising kids can be soul-crushingly hard,Senior writes that the very things that in themoment dampen our moods can later be sources of intense gratification and delight.The magazine cover showing an attractive mother holding a cute baby
46、 is hardly the only Madonna-and-childimage on newsstands this week.There are also stories about newly adoptive-and newly single-mom SandraBullock,as well as the usual Jennifer Aniston is pregnant news.Practically every week features at least onecelebrity mom,or mom-to-be,smiling on the newsstands.In
47、 a society that so persistently celebrates procreation,is it any wonder that admitting you regret having childrenis equivalent to admitting you support kitten-killing?It doesnt seem quite fair,then,to compare the regrets ofparents to the regrets of the children.Unhappy parents rarely are provoked to
48、 wonder if they shouldnt have had kids,but unhappy childless folks are bothered with the message that children are the single most important thing in theworld:obviously their misery must be a direct result of the gaping baby-size holes in their lives.Of course,the image of parenthood that celebrity
49、magazines like Us Weekly and People present is hugelyunrealistic,especially when the parents are single mothers like Bullock.According to several studies concluding thatparents are less happy than childless couples,single parents are the least happy of all.No shock there,consideringhow much work it
50、is to raise a kid without a partner to lean on;yet to hear Sandra and Britney tell it,raising a kid ontheir own”(read:with round-the-clock help)is a piece of cake.Its hard to imagine that many people are dumb enough to want children just because Reese and Angelina makeit look so glamorous:most adult