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1、Part IV Lesson 4 City and Country幽前预习学前热身梁成竹在胸知:识:清:单I .重点单词1 .nearbyadj.四周的2 .otherwise ado.否那么；另外3 .forecast机猜测，预报4 .accountant儿会计，会计师f account儿账户； 账目5 .crowded“力.拥挤的f crowd o.拥挤 机人群，一伙人jiHness疾病（同义词6 .sickness儿疾病f j ,4、生济Isick 4的生病的7.distance .品巨离f distant.远的II .核心短语1 .have French classes上 法语课2 .
2、far away from远离某地3 .be good for对有好处41ate at night深夜5 . make sure保证6 .be free of没有；摆脱了的7 .play with 与一块儿玩8 .get the chance 得到时机9 .take a weekend break 周 末休息10 .be fond of 宠爱IIL经典句式1 .Thafs what people call the underground in London.那就是人们所说的伦敦地铁。2 .Usually, its so crowded that I cant find anywhere to
3、sit.2.nearby a步四周的，邻近的adv.在四周Lunch is always simple.I often get a sandwich in a nearby sandwich shop or I just have some biscuits and a cup of coffee.(教材 Pi4)午饭总是很简洁。我常在四周的三明治店买个三明治，或仅仅吃些饼干，喝杯咖 啡。(l)nearby修饰名词时，既可作前置定语，又可作后置定语。(2)a nearby hotel = a hotel nearby 四周的旅馆Li Hua lives in a nearby village
4、which is not far from the school.李华住在离学校不远的一个村庄里。Most of the students in this school live nearby.这所学校的大多数同学都住在四周。辨析比拟nearby/nearnearby4次四周的，邻近的。仅指空间，无比拟等级；在句中仅作定语(可前置 亦可后置)near。少四周的，不久远的。既可指空间，也可指时间，还可指亲情关系， 并且有比拟级(nearer)和最高级(nearest);在句中可作表语或定语(仅前置)即学即用选用上述单词填空Since that day, no man is so near to
5、him as you.He might easily have been seen by someone who lived nearby.3.otherwise ad。.否那么,另外；在其他方面，除此之外co崂否那么；不然I need to do that because I dont get enough exercise otherwise.(教材 Pi4)我需要这样做，否那么我就得不到足够的熬炼。(l)co切.& ado.否那么,不然( = or/or else)通常用于“祈使句+otherwise+陈述句”句型。Go now，otherwise you will miss the b
6、us.现在就走，否那么你就赶不上公共汽车了。(2)。面.另外，除此之外(可位于句首、句中或句末)She is not very clever, but otherwise shes a nice girl.她并不特别聪慧，但除此以外，她倒是个好姑娘。名师点津otherwise可作含蓄条件句的一个标志词。fwould/might/could/should+do虚拟现在或将来 would/might/could/should+have done虚拟过去(3)1 was too busy at that time.Otherwise, I would have called you.我当时太忙，否那
7、么我就给你打了。4 .forecast n.&。.猜测；预报Sometimes, if the weather forecast is good, my friends and I drive to the countrysidefor a weekend break.(教材 Pi4)有时，假如预报天气好的话，我会和伴侣们开车去乡下度周末。a weather forecast 天 气预报forecast+从句估计/猜测Do you often listen to the weather forecast from the local radio station?你常常听当地电台的天气预报吗？W
8、e can hardly forecast what the result will be.我们很难猜测结果会变成怎样。The weatherman has forecast that it will be fine tomorrow.天气预报员预报明天是晴天。5 .distance 距离；间距Right now I am studying Chinese by distance learning.(教材 Pi5)现在我正通过远程教育学中文。at a distance 隔一段距离；距离稍远一些in the distance 在远处keep ones distance from 避开，不接近ke
9、ep sb at a distance 对某人保持疏远within/out of distance (of)在的范围内/离太远，达不到Whats the distance from New York to Beijing?纽约离北京有多远？There stands a high mountain in the distance.远处有座高山。（3）His house is within walking distance of the hospital.他家离医院只有几步路。图形助记in the distance at/froni a distance keep one s distance 在
10、远处从（稍）远处 保持距离核,心短语1 .make sure务必；确信；弄明白be free of无的；没有（阻碍的）；远离I have to make sure they are free of sickness.（教材 Pi5）我不得不确保他们没有得病。make sure后通常不接不定式，常接of/about sth或that引导的宾语从句。He said he had done it, but we couldnt make sure of it.他说他已经做了，可我们没人能确定。Make sure （that） you arrive there on time.你务必准时到那里。辨析比
11、拟 make sure/be suremake sure确定；确保。后跟that引导的从句，通常指“让别人去确定某事be sure确信；保证。指自己在主观上确保某事如何，可接由that引导的从 句语境串记 Make sure that our television is in good condition.The match of Sing!China will be held tonight and I am sure of my idols success.Be sure to tell Tom about the news who is also very crazy about the
12、 match.确保我们的电视机状况良好。今晚将会进行?中国好声音?的竞赛，我确信我的偶 像会胜利。肯定要将这个消息告知汤姆，他对这个竞赛也很着迷。be free of无的；没有（阻碍的）；远离The surgery went well and finally she was free of pain.手术很顺当,她最终 不疼了。be free from摆脱（不好的东西）Ensure the wound is free from/of dirt before applying the bandage.上绷带以前要保证伤口不沾染污物。2 .be fond of宠爱（后接名词或动名词）as.as像/
13、和样Unfortunately, my wife isnt as fond of them as I am.（教材 Pi5）不幸的是，我妻子不和我一样宠爱他们。be fond of指的是习惯性的爱好，而不是一时的兴致，因此防止使用详细的时 间状语。还有be fond of 一般不用于否认式，可用dont like等其他形式来代替。 I like watching TV and playing football while my brother is fond of collecting stamps and coins.我宠爱看电视和踢足球，而我的兄弟却宠爱集邮和保藏硬币。My parents
14、 are fond of inviting their friends to tea.我父母宠爱请他们的伴侣喝茶。asas像/和样as.as表示同级比拟，两个as之间通常使用形容词或副词的原级。as.as的否 认形式为not as/so.as（不如）。as.as结构还有以下几种常见形式： as+adj.+ a（n） + 可数名词单数 + as as+many +可数名词复数+as as+much+ 不行数名词+asTheir new house is near to the school, but its not as/so big as their old one.他们的新居子离学校近，但不
15、如旧房子大。I think he is as nice a person as his father.我认为他是像他父亲一样好的人。We produced ten times as many tractors as the United States.我们生产的拖拉机的数量是的10倍。I can carry as much paper as you can.我能和你搬一样多的纸。啕酚句式,1 .Thafs what people call the underground in London.(教材 Pi4)那就是人们所说的伦敦地铁。在本句的表语从句中，what为连接代词，在表语从句中充当动词c
16、all的宾语补 足语O(l)what可引导主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句，它引导名词性从 句时可在从句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语。(2)what引导名词性从句时的五种含义归纳：表示“的东西或事情；表示 ”的人或样子；表示”的数量或数目；表示“的时间；表示 “的地方。The millionaire has no friends around him because what he cares about most is only money.那位百万富翁身边没有伴侣，由于他最在意的东西仅仅是金钱。China is no longer what she used to be.中国不再是她
17、过去的那个样子了。Will you show me what you bought fbr your fathers birthday?你能让我看一下你为你父亲的生日而买的礼物吗？辨析比拟that/what在英语中，that与what都可引导名词性从句，两者的区分是：that在引导名词性从句时，that不在从句中作成分，也无详细意思，只 起连接作用whatwhat在所引导的名词性从句中作主语、表语、宾语或宾语补足语， 并保持原疑问词的意义或表示“的事情(东西等)即学即用选用上述单词填空(4)What impressed me most was that such a little boy co
18、uld play the violin so well. 令我印象最深的是那么小的男孩儿能把小提琴拉得如此好。2 .Usually, its so crowded that I cant find anywhere to sit.(教材 Pi4)通常，地铁很拥挤，很难找到座位。(l)so/such.that.意为“如止匕以至于，that引导的是结果状语从句。 so+adjJadv. + that. so+adj. + a/an + 儿 + that so + many/much/few/little+n.+that.This film is so moving that I want to s
19、ee it again.这部电影太感人了，我还想再看一遍。suchthat句型的常见形式： such + a/an+adj.+ 儿 + that.such+4功.+儿（复数或不行数）+that.It was such a cold day that nobody wanted to do anything.=It was so cold a day that nobody wanted to do any thing.天气很冷，谁都不想做 事。They are such little children that they cannot understand what you say.这些孩子很
20、小，他们不理解你说的是什么。（3）当so/such放在句首时,主句要用局部倒装语序。Such a difficult question was it that none of us worked it out.这个问题很难，我们都没解出来。名师点津口诀巧记so/such.that句型中so与such的选用名前such,形/副so;多多少少（many/much/few/little）也用 so;little一词特殊记，小”用such, “少用so。当堂达标对点演练，自主落实:I W | - - I .单词拼写l.He had to stay at home for another two wee
21、ks because of sickness（疾病）.2.Its hard to forecast（猜测）the result of the volleyball match.3.Our English teacher asked us to write a formal（正式的）letter to our parents as our homework.4.Because of long years9 smoking, he died from lung（肺）cancer.5.1 need to go to the gym because I dont have spare time to
22、do enough exerciseotherwise(另夕卜).6 .The park is crowded with many people on weekends.7 .After the accident, the driver was sent to a nearby hospital at once.8 .Can you see clearly who the man is from the distance?9 .He was an accountant(会计)in the factory before he retired.10 .The young man took a se
23、at and lit a cigar(香烟).11 .选词填空far away from, in the north of, be good for, be fond of, make sure l.My little son is lovely and is fond of playing practical jokes on me.2 .They live in a remote village far away from big cities.3 .Beijing lies in the north of China and to the north of Australia.4 .Th
24、e doctors are right： fish is good for you.5 .Make sure you have enough time to prepare for the new day ahead.DL完成句子1 .Thafs what we call a robot.这就是我们称之为机器人(robot)的东西。2 .The little girl is so beautiful that we 洲 like her.这个小姑娘如此美丽以至于我们都宠爱她。3 .He had left before J arrived there.我没有到达那里，他就走了。4 .You,ve
25、 made as manY mistakes as I have.你犯的错误和我犯的一样多。5 .Lucy is fond of music while David is interested in painting.露茜宠爱音乐而大卫对画画感爱好。沙场练兵：大显身壬;然时作业I .单句语法填空1 .The office was crowded (crowd)with people plaining about the washing machines.2 .Her honeymoon seemed a distant(distance) memory.1.1 was supported(su
26、pport) by him both materially and spiritually.4 .Mrs.Smith is a famous accountant(account) in a big pany.5 .Last week John died of a serious sickness(sick).6 .Weve only got this small bookcase.Will that do?一No, what I am looking for is something much bigger and stronger.7 .The Great Wall is such a w
27、ell-known tourist attraction that millions of people pour in every year.8 .Youre always sure of a warm wele there.9.It was several weeks before he was pletely free of pain.lO.These natural parks are very important for preserving many animals, which would otherwise run the risk of being extinct.II .单
28、句改错1 .There was such much work to do that everybody got bored.suchso 2,That he needs is not money but some understanding.ThatWhat 3.He has as many money as John does.manymuch4 .From the top of the hill we could see the houses at the distance.atf in5 .The explosions took place in shopping centres as
29、crowd of people were shopping for Mothers Day.ceowdf crowds in.课文语法填空Debbie is l.an accountant in a large pany in London.She often travels to work by tube.Usually, it is so 2.crowded(crowd) that she cant find anywhere to sit.She spends all morning 3.checking(check) numbers.For lunch she often gets a
30、 sandwich in a nearby sandwich shop.She often attends dance classes and goes to the gym； otherwise she doesnt get enough exercise.At the weekend she sometimes drives to the countryside with her friends 4,if the weather forecast is good because they can go walking 5.where there are no shops, crowds o
31、r the tube.And the fresh air is so good 6.for her lungs.She loves 7.it.Paul lives in a small village in the north of England.He lives and works on the farm.There are many things 8.to do(do) on the farm all day.He works hard to make sure the cows, sheep, pigs and chickens on his farm are free of 9.si
32、ckness(sick).In the evening he likes to play with his children.Now he 10,is studying(study) Chinese by distance learning.When Paul and his family are in London, he likes to buy a few cigars, but his wife loves looking in the clothes shops.w.阅读理解I was born in Venice, one of the most popular tourist a
33、ttractions in Italy, and studied designing at university here.Though I have also spent time away, I have always e back because its my home.In Venice, there are no roads, only canals, so you have to get around on foot or by boat.I live on a canal in the Rialto area in a house that was built in 1588 f
34、or the Muti family, who were businessmen in the silk trade.In the mid-eighteenth century, it was home to the Vezzi family, who made things like plates and bowls in fine china and became rich by sending these around the world.These businessmens houses in Venice are like palaces.Their owners had to ha
35、ve space to show off their goods, but the building also had to be an office, a factory, a store and a home.My house came into our family in 1919, when it was bought by my grandfather.He died before I was born but he was the director of a museum where I often do research on old documents( f I:). On s
36、ome of these, Ive seen notes in his handwriting, so, in a way, I met him through these documents.Sadly, the population of Venice has dropped from 120, 000 in the 1950s to about 60, 000 now.This doesnt include the thousands of tourists who e to visit.! wele the tourists but unless something is done t
37、o stop everyday shops like bakeries from disappearing, the city will die.I want people who love the city to e here to live and work and give Venice back a life that is not just about tourism.【语篇解读】本文是记叙文。作者介绍了自己的家乡威尼斯，并列举出了其面临的问题，盼望可以有更多的人来这里工作、生活。1 .What can we learn about the family who first owne
38、d the authors home?A.They were china dealers.B.They made plates and bowls.C.They used to buy and sell silk.D.They helped to build the canals.答案 C 细节理解题。依据其次段中的I live on a canal in the Rialto area in a house that was built in 1588 for the Muti family, who were businessmen in the silk trade可知，作者家的房子最早
39、是由做丝绸生意的商人修建的。2 .What does the author say about his grandfather?A.He met his grandfather in an unusual way.B.His grandfather taught him how to write.C.His grandfather turned his home into a museum.D.He found his grandfather handwriting hard to read.答案 A 推理推断题。依据其次段中的He died before I was born.in a wa
40、y, I met him through these documents可知，作者与其祖父未曾谋面，却在博物馆的一些旧文件中见到了祖父的笔记，因此他是以一种奇异的方式见到了自己的祖父。3 .What can we infer from the last paragraph about Venice?A.It faces a difficult situation.B.It cant feed its population.C.It needs more modern shops.D.It has fewer tourists than before.答案 A 推理推断题。依据最终一段中的the
41、 population of Venice has dropped.the city will die可知，威尼斯本地人口下降，供人们日常生活的商店也 渐渐消逝，假如不实行措施，这座城市就会消亡，由此可知，威尼斯的境况很困 难。V.完形填空I go, I have to prove my identity and make myself 2 whether its a bank, a shop or an office.! have been used to living by the 3 that no one is believable unless it proves otherwise
42、.But yesterday I saw a young man who lived by a totally 4 rule.信管1 .z 通常，地铁很拥挤，很难找到座位。3.Um always tired before arrive at work.这样每天到办公室前，我就已感到很疲乏。I单词攻略IA派生1 .fore一（在前部的，以前的）fore+cast（投射；分派角色）=forecast （猜测，预报）2 .-ness名词后缀sick （a的.生病的）+nessf sickness 机疾病课:文:预:读原文呈现Debbie is an accountant in a large pan
43、y in the centre of London.I need to be in my office by 2 nine oclock so I usually get up at seven oclock travel to work on “the tube ” . Thafs what people call the underground in London.lt takes about fifty minutes.Usually, its so crowded4 that I canlflndnYydlglgJSLSitJ just stand.Fm always tired be
44、fore I arrive at work.I don9t like the underground!I spend all morninq checking numbers.Lunch is always simple.! often get a sandwich in a nearby2 sandwich shop or I just have some biscuits and a cup of coffee.Then in the afternoon, I return to the paperwork in the office.On Monday nights, I have da
45、nce classes, and on Wednesday nights, I go to the gym.I need to do that because I dont get enough9 exercise otherwise .On Tuesday and Thursday nights, I have French classes.! work for a French panjLSQJLihink studyine French will help me in myjob.I go to the cinema almost e , if the weather forecasti
46、sgood, my friends and I drive to the countryside13 for a weekend break.We like to visit nice, quiet places far SW奴为Qm?and go walking 岫以上由尊聂煎 or the tube.That fresh air is so good for my lungs u，.I love it.5 I would ignore and hurry past such sellers.But this time, I noticed this youngman was 6, so I
47、 stood for some time to see 7 he sold his toys.Soon, a little child was 8 by one of the toys, whose price was only one dollar.His mother gave the young man 10 dollars and wanted the 9 back.When I was 10 how he was going to do it, he told the young mom to 11 the money in the bag which was hanging around his neck and take out whatever change he owed （欠）her.I realized that this young mans whole mode of