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1、Part II Grammar过去分词作定语和表语思维导图定语和表语 过去分词作i.过去分词作定语的位置 同，2.过去分词作定语的意义 器g 3.现在分词与过去分词作定语的区别4.过去分词、现在分词的被动形式与动词不定式的被动形式作定语的区别/ 1.过去分词作表语时的意义和用法2.过去分词作表语时与被动语态的区别帝，3.感觉类及物动词的现在分词与过去分 J 词作表语的区别* *电国精讲。过去分词是非谓语动词的一种形式。从语法功能分析，过去分词兼有动词、形容词或副词的特性，可在句 中充当定语、表语、宾语补足语或状语等。一、过去分词作定语.过去分词作定语时的位置(1)作前置定语一般情况下，单个过去
2、分词作前置定语，即放在所修饰词之前。The broken clock should be repaired as soon as possible.这个坏了 的钟表应该尽快修好。Many used computers will be sold in this market.很多二手电脑将在这个市场出售。名师指津有些过去分词表示特定含义时，单独作定语也放在所修饰的名词之后，如left(剩余的),given(所 给的)，concerned(有关的)等。Theres little time left.Lefs hurry up.剩余的时间不多了，我们快点吧。(2)作后置定语过去分词短语作定语时往往作
3、后置定语，即放在所修饰词之后，它的作用相当于一个定语从句。I cant understand the language spoken in that country.=1 cant understand the language which/that is spoken in that country.我听不懂那个国家讲的语言。名师指津过去分词短语可作非限制性定语，用来补充说明被修饰词的情况，前面常用逗号与被修饰的 成分隔开，此时相当于非限制性定语从句。A girl, dressed like a student, came in and sat beside me.=A girl, who
4、was dressed like a student, came in and sat beside me.一位学生打扮的女孩走进来，坐在我的旁边。1 .过去分词作定语时的意义(1)及物动词的过去分词作定语，在语态上表示被动；在时间上，常表示动作已经发生或完成，有时也不表 示时间性。He found (hat it came from the river polluted by the dirty water from London. 他发现它来自被伦敦的污水污染的河流。(表被动和完成)Prices of daily goods bought on the Internet can be lo
5、wer than store prices . 在网上买的口用品的价格要比实体店买的廉价一些。(表被动，无时间性) (2)不及物动词的过去分词作定语，它不表示被动意义，只强调动作完成。The students are collecting fallen leaves.同学们正在清扫落叶。His father is a retired teacher.他的父亲是一位退休教师。2 .过去分词与现在分词作定语的区别As we all know, China is a developing country, while America is a developed country.众所周知,中国是一个
6、 开展中国家，而美国是一个兴旺国家。意义 形式语态时态过去分词被动完成现在分词主动进行The bridge built in 2016 was designed by a local company.2016年建造的这座大桥是由一家当地公司设计的。Do you know the boy lying under the big tree?你认识躺在大树底下的那个男孩吗？3 .过去分词(done)、现在分词的被动形式(being done)与动词不定式的被动形式(to be done)作定语的区别The high-speed railway built last year leads to Kun
7、ming.去年建造的高铁通向昆明。意义形式语态时态done被动完成being done被动进行to be done被动尚未发生The high-speed railway being built now leads to Kunming.现在正在建造的高铁通向昆明。The high-speed railway to be built next month leads to Kunming.下个月将要建造的高铁通向昆明。二、过去分词作表语1.过去分词作表语时的意义和用法过去分词可放在连系动词be, get, feel, remain, seem, look, become等之后作表语，表示主语所
8、处的状 态。1 was disappointed at the film I saw last night.我对昨晚看的电影很失望。He seemed quite delighted at the news.听到那个消息他似乎很高兴。2 .过去分词作表语时与被动语态的区别过去分词作表语时，强调主语所处的状态，而动词的被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，强调动作。The window is broken.窗户破碎了。(系表结构)The window was broken by my brother;窗户是被我弟弟打碎的。(被动语态).感觉类及物动词的现在分词与过去分词作表语的区别英语中有很多与感觉有
9、关的及物动词，其现在分词表示主动意义，即“令人有某种感觉的”，多用来修饰 物；其过去分词含有被动意义，即“人被引起某种感觉的”，多用来指人、人的声音或表情等。His words are encouraging, which made many people encouraged.他的话鼓舞人心，使得很多人深受鼓舞。uWc made it.he said in an excited voice.他激动地说，“我们成功了。”名师指津常用的这类词有：I .用所给词的适当形式填空l.Jim has retired, but he still remember the happy time spent
10、(spend) with his students.(2O17北京高考改编).I was the first Western TV reporter perniitted(Dennit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.(2016,全国卷 I ).A study of travelers conducted(conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations
11、 in the world.(2015- I )3 .We were very shocked when we heard the shocking news.(shock)5.Studies show that students often exposed (expose) to too much pressure tend to develop mental problems.6 .The new books being printed (print) in the factory now are mainly intended fbr children.7 .Most of the ar
12、tists invited (invite) to the party were from South Africa.8 .When I got home, I found that the door remained locked (lock).9.1 think the problem just now referred (refer) to is an important one.10.When autumn comes, the ground is covered (cover) with fallen (fall) leaves.I【.句型转换l.He didnt turn up a
13、t the meeting held yesterday.-*He didnt turn up at the meeting that/which was held yesterday.(定语从句)borrowed a novel which was written by Mo Yan from the library.-*I borrowed a novel written by Mo Yan from the library.(过去分词作定语).We called on the soldier who was wounded in (he battle.-*We called on the soldier wounded in thebattle.(过去分词作定语).He shows an interest in collecting stamps.-He is interested in collecting stamps.（过去分词作表语） 5.What she said puzzled him.He was/fe】t puzzled at what she said.（过去分词作表语）