《2023年高考英语4页纸.pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2023年高考英语4页纸.pdf（8页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、(1）名词的数【速记口诀】单数变复数，规则要记住，一般加s，特殊 有几处：s,x,d飞，sh来结尾，直接力n上es;词尾是或fe,1.JU s之前先变ve;辅音字母十y在词 尾，把y变l再加es;词尾字母若是0，常用个已足够，要加es请i巳女子：hero,tomato,potato。【特殊记忆】1)英语巾有些单词变复数时没有 规律，需要特殊记忆：child-children,mousemice,deer-deer,sheepsheep,ChineseChinese,meansmeans,speciesspecies,oxoxen,manm凹，womanwomen,footfeet,tootht
2、eeth等。2）常考合成词复数：passer-bypassers-by,grown upgrown upso 3）抽象名同具体化时，表示“某种”或“一次”的意义时，可以和不定冠词连用：111 surprise“惊讶地”，a surprise“一件令人惊讶的事”；w111 success“获得成功”，a success“一个件成功的人事”；end in failure“以失败告终”；a failure一个件失败的人事；with pleasure“乐意”，a pleasure“一件乐事”。的有些不可数 名词的复数形式 表示特殊的意【速记口诀】代词家族成员多，人称代词你我他她它，形式分 成主格和宾格
3、，成分 充当主语和宾语，不忘还分单数和复数；指示代词this和that,指代这 个和那 个，复数 these和those,指代这些和那些；such用在名词前，反身代词表自我，单数末尾self，复数末尾selves，单用表示同位话，经常藏于短话中；一英语义：time“时间”，times“次，时代，倍”；wood 与f(头”，woods“树林”；sand“沙子”，sands“沙滩”；work“工作”，works“作品”。(2）名词的格【速记口诀】名词所有格，意思表“谁的”；名词有生命，末尾部j力n“s”；词尾有8，仅把“”号销；并列名词后，各自和共有；前者分别加，后者最后加；名同无生命，用。所有格
4、；表示“某物的”，翻译需倒置。Toms bike；飞Ivomens Day;Tom and Mikes room（共有）；Toms and Mikes books（不共有）；the window of the room（房间的窗户）;the gate of No.1 Middle School（第一中学的大门儿【特殊记忆】1)表示时间、重量、国家等的无生命名词，可以在词尾加“s”或“”表示所 有格：todayspapers;ten minul凹walk;five pounds weight;the worlds population;China5 mdustry。2）表示店铺i或某人的家时，常
5、在名词所有格之后省去shop,house,home,office:thetailors(shop);the doctors(office);myuncles(house）。物主代词有两类，形容词性和名词性，形容词性代词不单用，充当定语；名词 性代词要单用，句中成分主宾表，两类代词不同形，加个s形变名。his,its都可用，my变mine特殊记。E特殊记忆】oneself过得愉快，玩得高兴；help oneself to自取；accustom oneself 0=be accustomed to习惯于；behave oneself表现得体，有礼貌。Z）复合不定代词构成的固定短语：anything
6、but根本不；nothing but只有，只是，仅仅；allbut几乎。3)either,neither与both的区别：二者中任选其一用either，二者都不选用neither，二者都选用both。【速记口诀】冠词a、an功能强，常 在单数名词前，a连辅音an元音，泛指一类人或物；首次提到用a(an），再次提到定冠词the,定冠词 the使用广，独一无二全用它。I knew an old man from a poor family,but the old man was living a happy life.The moon turns round the earth.China is
7、the biggest developing country in the world.【特殊记忆】1）定 冠词的用法：用在形容词前表示一类人或事物。如l,thepoor/rich/young/dying/good等。“动词 sb.介词the身体部位”结构。如：An apple fell from the tree and hit【速记口诀】形容词和高lj词的比较（最高）级有规则，两者比较than相连，三者比较the在前；词尾需加er或est，以e 结尾只加r或st;重读闭音节词词尾只有一个辅音字母时，双写辅音字母再Jm er或est;辅音字母）JUy结尾的双音节词，变y为i，再加er或est
8、；多音节词和部分双音节词，其前需力H more或most。tall-railer-tallest;large larger largest;thin thinner thinnest;busy busier busiest;important Ive bought two books;you can have either.我买了两本书，你可以任选一本。的another,other与others 的区别：若表示“另外一个”，f!JJ泛指除这个之外的另一个，用another;other可修饰名词，而others后不能接名词，两者的关系可描述为：others二other十复数名词。He will
9、stay here for another three(three other/three more)days.他在这里还要再待上三天。him on the head.2）不定冠词 的用法：用在序数词 前，表那“再一，又一”。如：Hemissed the gold in the high jump,but will get a second chance in the long Jump.表示某个特定的季节、月份、星期或节日。如：The accident happened on a rainy Sundaytowards the end of July.3）冠词的用法：在季节、月份、星期、节日
10、、一日三餐前，以及王，）（类运动的名称、学科、运输工具等名词前，通常不用冠词。如：Were going to watcha match on Sunday.在秒H于语、职务、头衔等名称前不用冠词。如：Sam has been appointed manager of the engineering department.more important-the most important E特殊记忆】原级比较级最高级good/well better best bad/badly worse worst many/mueh 口10relOSt eE11raAU 川句。IL less least f
11、art her If urther farthest/furthest older I elder 一英语.2一 i吾法讲解】1）形容词利用l词的原级的常见句型：as形容词副词 as。如：He is as tall as his father.This is as good an example as the other 1s.2）形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的常见句型，more原级名词than原级名词，:E、为“与其说是不如说是”。如：He is more diligent than elever.“比较级十and十比较级”意为“越来越如：Things are get ting better
12、 and better.“the比较级，the比较级”意为“越越”。如：The more medicine I take,the worse I seem to feel.【速记口诀】英语时态很重要，过去现在和将来；动词变化有规律，谓语变化全靠它；选择时态看时间，上下话境不可少；过去式力H ed，不规则要特殊记，过去进行was doing，复数形式要搞清；过去完成had done，过去的过去是标志；一般现在表常态，动词形式用do(does),现在进行is doi吨，不忘我Cam）你（are）和复数Care);现在完成has/have done，时间状语要记牢；将来时态用will/shall，一
13、般考得比较少。E特殊记忆】掌握独特的时间状讯标志1)看到always,often,sometimes,usually等用般现在时；2）看到yesterday,last night,a few days ago,the other day等用一般过去时；3）看到tomorrow,next year,in a week等用一般将来时；4）看到now,at present等用现在进行时；盯着到 at that time,then,at six oclockyesterday等用过去进行时；的看到j recently,lately,since,so far,up tonow.in the last/p
14、ast few years等用现在完成时。I usually get up at four oclock every morn111gwhen its still dark.Ill be talking with the professor at this time tomorrow.By the time you get home,I will have cleaned the house from top to bottom.E特殊旬式】1)be doing.when.主句常用过去进行时，从句常用一般过去时。The boy was doing his homework when his f
15、ather came back from work.2)This/It/That is the first/second/.timethat.意为“这那是第一二次that引导的从句要用现在完成时。It is the third time that you have been late for work this week.3）“祈使句and/or陈述句”句型中，陈述句要用一般将来时。Use your head,and you will find the answer.4）在时间状语从句和条件状语从句巾，用现在时代替将来时。If you come this afternoon,well have
16、 a meet111g.5）表示未曾实现的希望、打算、诺言等，常用had hoped/planned/meant/intended/thought/wanted/expected等。I had planned to do some work that morning,but I went to the gym instead.一英语.3一 【速记口诀】被动语态较常用，谓语形式为be done;过去现在只变be，将来时态 will be;完成时态不难记，have/had been+done;进行时态要留意，be being+done。(1）主动语态无被动话态的几组动词或词组（4类）：1）不及物动
17、词：appear,die,end,fail,happen,last,lie,remain,sit等；2）系动词：look,sound,taste,smell,feel等33）某些动词短语：break out,take place,belong to,come true,consist of,come intobeing,date back to,turn out,run out等，的表示主语特征的词：read,wash,write,sell,look,open等。The activity will last about ten days,fromJune 10 to 20.When World
18、 War I broke out.he seemed tohave become another man.His books sell well,so they are sold out soon.【特殊记忆】1)在need,want,require,deserve等动词后，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。The house needs repairing/to be repaired.2）在“主话（人物）be形容词不定式”结构中，不定式的 主动形式可表示被动意义。【速记口诀】不定式、分词和 动名词，句中不能作谓语。to do形式不定式，表示目的和将来。分词包括
19、现在和过去，现在doing过去done。主谓、进行用doing，动宾、完成全用done。doing有时是动名词，句法功能同名词。非i胃i吾动词解题步骤：一析句子结构分析、判定句中是否已有谓语动词，若句中已有谓语动词，且设题处前无并列连词，贝lj 应考这类形容词有nice,easy,fit,hard,difficult,important,impossible,pleasant,interesting等。This problem is difficult to work out.3）在“be worth doing”和“be to blame，结构中，动词ing形式或 动词不定式用主动形式表示被
20、动意义。The book you bought me is worth reading.Officials believe that more than one person may be to blame for the fire.(2）被动语态【特殊记忆】1)“be过去分同十不定式”句型的被动结构。He is reported to have broken a world record.2）“It+be 过去分同从句”句型的被动结构。Its said that she has some supernatural powers.常见的结构还有：It is known that.众所周知It
21、is suggested that.有人建议It is believed that.人们认为3）“get过去分词”构成被动语态，表示状态或情况，常考的形式如下：get married结婚；get engaged订婚；get hurt/wounded受伤；get lost迷路；get drunk喝醉；get caught/stuck/trapped 被困；get dressed穿好衣服虑填非谓语 动词。二找逻辑主语确定填非谓语动词之后，找IL:i亥动词的逻辑主i齿。三断逻辑关系主谓关系用现在分词；动宾关系用过去分词：若非谓语动 作表示将来含义，贝lj用不定式。1.不定式(1)只能接不定式作宾语的
22、动词afford，时，aim,app肌ge$k,一英语.4一 choose,claim,decide,demand,determine,expec1,fail,hesi1ate,hope,learn,manage,off凹，plan,prepare,pretend,proceed,promise,prove,refuse,resolve,seem,swear,tend,thrcat凹，undertake,volunteer,wish等(2）常考固定句式its 形容词for/of sb.+to doit takes sb 时间金钱ta doconsider/find/feel/think/bel
23、ieve+it 形容词十to do2.分词分词的句法功能相当于形容词或副词，常在句中作时间、条件、原因、结果、让步、方式或伴随状语。除状语之外，分同在句中也可作表语、定语、宾语补足请或独立成分。Cl）现在分词：逻辑主语与动词之间是主谓关系，即逻辑主语是非谓语动作的执行者置于名词之前作定语，表示被修饰词（多为物的性质或特征名词性从句引导词的基本用法：引导词that在 从句中没有任何含义，只起引导作用，不作任何成分；引导词whether/if意为“是否”，只起引导作用，不作任何成分；与or not连用时用whether,连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which,who(m)eve
24、r,whatever,whichever既起连接作用，又在从句巾充当主语、宾语、表语、定语等成分；连接副词when,where,why,how既起连接作用，又在从句中作 时间、地点、原因、方式状语。(1）主语从旬That we are invited to a party this Saturday isgood news to us.=It is good news to us that we are invited to a party this Saturday.作伴随状i吾时，表示非谓i吾动作与谓i吾动作同时进行。(2）过去分词：逻辑主语与动词之间是动宾关系，即逻辑主i:ti-是非谓i
25、告动作的承受者置于名词之前作定语，由及物动词转化而来的过去分词表示被动和完成，亦或只具有被动含义，FR不及物动词转化而来的过去分词表示完成含义作表in时表示主语所处的状态3.动名词既具有动词特征，又具有名词的句法功能，在句巾常作主语、宾语、表语、定语、同位语。(1）位于介同后作宾语(2）只能接动名词作宾语的动词（短i苔）admit,enjoy,consider,mind,appreciate,suggest,advise,avoid,permit,escape,practise,risk,forbid,miss,deny,cant help,keep on,burst out,feel lik
26、e,get used to,look forwardtO,put off,pay attention to等Whether he will leave or not is not clear.主i音从句 的单复数问题：1)从句 作 主话时，谓语动词一般用单数。That he will come and help us is certain.Who will go to the energy conference is not l盯1portant.2)what引导的从句作 主语，表示单数概念时，谓动词用单数形式；表示复数概念时，谓话;IJ词用复数形式。What he said ts trueW
27、ha川1e needs are books.3）不能用if引导主语从句。(2）宾语从旬【速记口诀】宾i吾从句很基础，两个方面需记住，一是从句引导词的选择，一英语.5一 that引导陈述句，if/whether引导一般疑问句，特殊疑问词引导特殊疑问句，二是时态变化看主句，主句若为现在时，从句时态看意思；主句若为过去时，从句时态向前提。I know that he is friendly and helpful.The doctor doubted whether the patient would live through that month.We are worrying about wha
28、t will happen next w四k.【特殊记忆】在advise,request,propose,command,suggest,demand,order,ins町等动词之后的宾语从句中用虚拟语气，un从句的谓语 动词用“（should十）动词原形”的形式。He suggested that we(should)fight against the disea自e at once.(3）表语从旬基本结构：主i吾系动词表语从句，常用的系动词有be,seem,remain,look等。My advice is that you should make good use of your pow
29、er.It seems that he has been to the Great飞.Vall.as 1f/though引导的表语从句，系动词通常为look,seem,sound等，从句可以用陈述语气，也可以用虚拟语气。It looks as if it is/were going to rain.表i吾从句箭要注意的问题：主语为名词 reason时，表语从句用that而不用why引导。的形式。The doctors advice is that you(should)rest more and drink more water.连接代词和连接高词一般都表示疑问含义，但what,when丰H
30、where等引导词有两种含义，一种表示疑问，一利1表示陈述。表陈述时，相当于the thing that,the time when,the place where，常翻译为“的人r=i:i:川的时间川的地点”等。This is where he once lived.That was when the virus spread.This is what Id like to mention.(4）罔位语从旬【速记口诀】司位语从句较特殊，一般修饰抽象名词，对名词作解释说明，引导词that最常用。E语法讲解】1)后接同位i吾从句的名词：fact,idea,news,promise,message
31、,belief,doubt,hope,opm1on,possibility,thought,suggestion,advice,order等。We were very excited at the news that our Chinese athletes won many gold medals.2）同位i在从句通常由that引导，但根据前面被说明或解释的不同名词，也可由whether,when,who,how,what,why等词引导。I have no idea when he will be back.注意同位语从句中的that为连接词，只起连接作用，在从句中不作成分，一般不能省略；
32、The reason why he was absent from the l定语从句中的that为关系代词，在从句中充当成wedding was that he met with a terrible：分，可作主语、宾语和表语，作宾语时常可省略。accident suddenly.:The news(that)he时dme was totally 如果主句的主语是idea,adv肘，suggestion,:untrue.（定语从句）order,request，叫uirement等名词时，表话：The news that he went abroad was t:otall-1 从句的谓i吾动
33、词应用“（should）动词原形”：untrue.（同位话从句）一英语.6一 【速记口诀】定语从句很重要，关系代咱们词来引导，定语从句有两种，是否限定看逗号。物用which/that人用who/whom/that,地点where时间when,that 指人又指物，修饰 reason要用why。关系词在从句中作宾语，whom可以替换who,为了句子更简练，关系代词可省赂。关系代词表所屑，此时要用whose补。还有一种变形要记住，whom,which加oLi吾法讲解】定i击从句五个高频考点：1）当 先行词为表示抽象地点的名词，如point,situation,case,stage等时，若在从句中作
34、状语，常用关系副词where引导定i吾从句；若不作状语，贝lj用关系代词that/which。Have you met with the case where you aremisunderstood by others?Have you met with the case which is similarto this one?盯着介词放在关系代词之前，关系代词指人时常用whom，指物时常用which;whose也可以放在介词后，即构成“介词 whose十名词”结胸。She paid the children$15 for cleaning thewindows,most of which
35、hadnt been cleanedfor at least a year.3）定语从句中用that而不用which的情况：当先行词是all,little,much,few,every,everything,any,anything,no,nothing,none等 不定代词或被它们修饰时；当先行词前有形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时；当先行词前有the only,the very,the same,the r时lt等修饰时；当先行同既有人又有物 时；当主句是以 which,who,what开头的特殊问句时。The first place that the visited in China was
36、 the Forbidden City.Have you taken down everything that Professor Black taught?They talked about the persons and things thatthey remembered during the college.的定语从句巾用which而不用that的情况：在非限制性定语从句中，关系代词用which而不用that;关系代词前面有介词时，用which而不用thatoFootball,which 1s very popular,1s played allover the world.The b
37、ench on which the couple sat is made of man-made wood.5）关系代词as与which引导非限制性定语从句的区别：as意为“正如，正像”，引导的非限制性定语从句既可放在主句前，又可放在主句后，有时还可插入主句中；而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能置于主句 之后；相同之处在于两者都可替代整个主句的内容。As we all hoped,the project turned out to be very successful.The child was addicted to the video game every night,which wo
38、rried his parents very much.【方法点拨】先行词决定引导词的选择四注意：1)注意有无逗号：如果空前有逗号，即为非限制性定语从句，不用that;2）注意先行词的指代内容，是指人还是指物，指人不用which;3）注意先行词在从句中所作成分：作主语、宾i吾、表语或定话时，考虑使用关系代词，作状i古时考虑使用关系副iii;4）注意从句中的主消一致。一英语.7一 【速记口诀】状i吾从句用法全，理解掌握九方面：引导时间词汇多，when,while,since较常考；where,everywhere表地点；汀，unless,in case表条件；because,since,as表原
39、因；so that,in order that表口的；so/such.that表结果；(not)as.as表比较；as if/though,(just)as表方式；although/though,even if/though,as,while表让步，不忘wh-ever,no matter wh等也是该家族。【语法讲解】1）引导时间状语从句的常考连词：when/while表示“当的时候”（在while引导的从句中，谓语动i司必须是持续性的，不能是短暂性的）;as表示“当的时候，随着”。When I got tO the airport,the guests had left.When he ha
40、d finished his experiment,he took a short rest.（从先主后，从句i自语finished表示终止性的动作）When/While/As we were danci吨，the police came in.(we were dancing 表示延续性的动作）【特殊记忆】when和while还可作并列连词：when表示“在那时，此时突然”；while表示“而，然而”，表对比关系。并列连词when常用于以下句型中：.was/were doing.when.（正在做突然）.was/were about to do.when.（刚 要做突然）.was/were
41、on the point of doing.when.（刚要做突然）.had just done.when.（刚一 就）2)before引导时间状语从句常用句型：It was/will be 时间段 before.过了才It was three years before he finished the work.他花了芝年时间才完成这项工作。（谈论过去）It wont be/take long before.不久就会（这里的“long”可用一段时间来代替）It wont be long before he finishes the work.他不久就会完成这项工作。3）引导让步状语从句的常考连
42、词：although与though虽然拼写不同，但意思相同，都表示“虽然，尽管”，不能与but连用，可与yet.still连用；as引导让步状i吾从句时，从句市倒装，though引导让步状语从句时，从句既可倒装也可 不倒装，although引导的让步状话从句不可倒装；whether.or.的意思是“无论还是，不管还是”；可用那些以ever结尾的同语来引导从句，如whatever,whoever,however,whenever,wherever等，它们的意思与no matter what,no matter who,no matter how,no matterwhen,no matter where等相同意为“无论千么川无论是谁叫无论如何”“无论什么时候”“无论什么地方”等。的引导结果状语从句的常考连词：so that引导结果状语从句时，:Wt：为“因此，所以”；so.that.意为“如此以至于 such.that.意为“如 此以 至于”，such后接名词（名词前通常有形容词修饰）。Peter is such an honest engineer that we all believe in him.=Peter is so honest a engineer that we.aI believe in h11n.写r一英语.8一