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1、A true storyLesson 119病原体侵入机体,消弱机体防御机能,破坏机体内环境的相对稳定性,且在一定部位生长繁殖,引起不同程度的病理生理过程Free talkv Tell us something about thief.handcuffs 手铐He was taken away in handcuffs.他被铐走了。A policeman put handcuffs on the thief.一个警察给那小偷带上了手铐。病原体侵入机体,消弱机体防御机能,破坏机体内环境的相对稳定性,且在一定部位生长繁殖,引起不同程度的病理生理过程Key words expressionsv st
2、ory n.故事v happen v.发生v thief n.贼 v enter v.进入v dark adj.黑暗的v torch n.手电筒v voice n.(说话的)声音v parrot n.鹦鹉v exercise book n.练习本病原体侵入机体,消弱机体防御机能,破坏机体内环境的相对稳定性,且在一定部位生长繁殖,引起不同程度的病理生理过程Key words expressionsv 1.story n.(两个清辅音连在一起时,第二个音要浊化)v 故事 a ghost story tell storiesv 谎话 Dont tell stories!v story 一般性的故事,
3、可以真实的也可以是虚构的,完整的故事v makeupastory 偏造一个故事v fable 寓言故事v legend 传奇故事v tale 神州故事,童话v to make a long story short长话短说病原体侵入机体,消弱机体防御机能,破坏机体内环境的相对稳定性,且在一定部位生长繁殖,引起不同程度的病理生理过程SnowWhiteandtheSevenDwarfs/dw:f/病原体侵入机体,消弱机体防御机能,破坏机体内环境的相对稳定性,且在一定部位生长繁殖,引起不同程度的病理生理过程LittleRedRidingHoodLittleRedRidingHoodwenttovisi
4、thergrandmother.小红帽去探望她的外婆.病原体侵入机体,消弱机体防御机能,破坏机体内环境的相对稳定性,且在一定部位生长繁殖,引起不同程度的病理生理过程TheFrogPrince病原体侵入机体,消弱机体防御机能,破坏机体内环境的相对稳定性,且在一定部位生长繁殖,引起不同程度的病理生理过程TheEmperorsNewClothes病原体侵入机体,消弱机体防御机能,破坏机体内环境的相对稳定性,且在一定部位生长繁殖,引起不同程度的病理生理过程AnUglyDuckling病原体侵入机体,消弱机体防御机能,破坏机体内环境的相对稳定性,且在一定部位生长繁殖,引起不同程度的病理生理过程Aquam
5、arine/,kwmri:n/病原体侵入机体,消弱机体防御机能,破坏机体内环境的相对稳定性,且在一定部位生长繁殖,引起不同程度的病理生理过程v 2.happen v 1)v.发生 v What happened?v A strange thing happened to a friend of mine a year ago.一年之前,一件希奇的事发生在我的一位朋友身上。v 2)v.碰巧,恰好(to)v I happened to meet her on my way home.在回家的路上,我碰巧遇见了她。v I happen to know that professor.我正好熟悉那位教授
6、。病原体侵入机体,消弱机体防御机能,破坏机体内环境的相对稳定性,且在一定部位生长繁殖,引起不同程度的病理生理过程v 3.thief n.贼 复数:thievesv AWorldwithoutThieves病原体侵入机体,消弱机体防御机能,破坏机体内环境的相对稳定性,且在一定部位生长繁殖,引起不同程度的病理生理过程v 4.enter v.v 进入,穿入 enter the roomv 他们进入了房子后,就去了餐厅。After they had entered the house,they went into the dining room.v 参加,加入 enter the Partyv Fou
7、r students from our university entered the final contest.我们大学的4 名学生进入了竞赛的决赛。v 输入 enter into the computerenter for 报名参加Our team has entered for the competition.我们队已报名参加比赛.(入党)病原体侵入机体,消弱机体防御机能,破坏机体内环境的相对稳定性,且在一定部位生长繁殖,引起不同程度的病理生理过程v 5.darkv adj.黑暗的 too darkv 深色的 dark bluev 阴暗的 dark future-bright futur
8、ev n.黄昏,黑夜 at dark in the dark天黑时 在暗处light病原体侵入机体,消弱机体防御机能,破坏机体内环境的相对稳定性,且在一定部位生长繁殖,引起不同程度的病理生理过程v theD-Ages 欧洲中 世纪v keepitdark 保守秘密v adarkchapterinabook 书中难懂的一章v inonesdarkdays 在不得意时v adarkface 忧郁的脸v inadarktemperhumour 十分不高兴v Itisadarksecret.这是十分秘密的事。病原体侵入机体,消弱机体防御机能,破坏机体内环境的相对稳定性,且在一定部位生长繁殖,引起不同程
9、度的病理生理过程idiomv aleapinthedark 后果不可预料的行动;喻 死v afterdark 黄昏后,天黑后v beinthedarkabout 完全不知道,蒙在鼓里v beinthedarkasto 完全不知道,蒙在鼓里v beforedark 黄昏前,天黑前v inthedark 在暗处,秘密,暗中,完全不知道v keepdark 躲起来,不说出来v keepsb.inthedark 不让某人知道v leavesb.inthedark 不让某人知道v keepsth.dark 对某事保守机密v pitchdark 非常黑v whistleinthedark 黑暗中吹口哨,给
10、自己壮胆v darkofthemoon 一个月间看不见月亮的时候,月黑时v darkofmoondark 一个月间看不见月亮的时候,月黑时病原体侵入机体,消弱机体防御机能,破坏机体内环境的相对稳定性,且在一定部位生长繁殖,引起不同程度的病理生理过程v 6.torch n.v 手电筒 turn on/off the torchv 火炬 light the torch病原体侵入机体,消弱机体防御机能,破坏机体内环境的相对稳定性,且在一定部位生长繁殖,引起不同程度的病理生理过程v 7.voice n.v 声音 in an angry voicev 意见 speak out my voicev los
11、e ones voice 失音 raise ones voice voice voice 表示人说话时嗓子发出的声音表示人说话时嗓子发出的声音 sound sound 表示世间万物的声音表示世间万物的声音thesoundofmusic 音乐之声 noisenoise表示杂音,不悦人的声音表示杂音,不悦人的声音嗓子变哑 提高嗓门drop病原体侵入机体,消弱机体防御机能,破坏机体内环境的相对稳定性,且在一定部位生长繁殖,引起不同程度的病理生理过程v 8.parrot n.鹦鹉病原体侵入机体,消弱机体防御机能,破坏机体内环境的相对稳定性,且在一定部位生长繁殖,引起不同程度的病理生理过程Languag
12、e pointsv1、Do you like stories?这里stories 泛指故事这一类东西。v2、I want to tell you a true story.want to do sth.想要做某事。tell a story 讲故事。true 真实可信的&真正存在的 real T(True)or F(false)病原体侵入机体,消弱机体防御机能,破坏机体内环境的相对稳定性,且在一定部位生长繁殖,引起不同程度的病理生理过程v 3、It happened to a friend of mine a year ago.happen to sb./sth.发生在某人身上/某物上(通常是不
13、好的事)What happened to your car?v 双重所有格:a friend of mine=my friend;a friend of my fathers=my fathers friend a friend of mine 相当于one of my friends,但前者比后者显得更为亲切。病原体侵入机体,消弱机体防御机能,破坏机体内环境的相对稳定性,且在一定部位生长繁殖,引起不同程度的病理生理过程v 4、While my friend,George,was reading in bed,two thieves climbed into his kitchen.Georg
14、e,同位语,补充说明my friend。climb into 爬进。v 5、After they had entered the house,they went into the dining room.=They had entered the house before they went into the dining room.强调两个动作的前后顺序时,较早的动作要用过去完成时。及物动词 enter=不及物动词 go into病原体侵入机体,消弱机体防御机能,破坏机体内环境的相对稳定性,且在一定部位生长繁殖,引起不同程度的病理生理过程v 5、After they had entered
15、the house,they went into the dining room.v After they had entered the house 是时间状语从句,had entered 是过去完成时结构。在以after 引导的时间状语从句中,用一般过去时或过去完成时没有多少区别。假如强调从句的谓语动作在主句的谓语动作之前完成,就用过去完成时。病原体侵入机体,消弱机体防御机能,破坏机体内环境的相对稳定性,且在一定部位生长繁殖,引起不同程度的病理生理过程v 6、It was very dark,so they turned on a torch.=They turned on a torch
16、 because it was very dark.连词so,所以、因此,表示结果。turn on,打开,拧开(电视、水源、煤气等)。其反义词为turn off(关上)。7、Suddenly,they heard a voice behind them.hear 强调结果。注意不规则变化hear-heard-heard。voice 说话的声音&sound 声响&noise 噪音&music 音乐病原体侵入机体,消弱机体防御机能,破坏机体内环境的相对稳定性,且在一定部位生长繁殖,引起不同程度的病理生理过程v 8、Whats up?【口语】=Whats wrong?=Whats the matte
17、r?【寒暄】Whats up,man?询问对方最近过得如何。v 9、Someone called.【回顾Lesson 115】复合不定代词。v 10、The thieves dropped the torch and ran away as quickly as they could.drop 扔掉;run away 逃跑;as.as sb.can/could/possible 尽可能地(第一个as 是副词,修饰quickly,第二个as 是连词,引导比较状语从句。)例句:Run as fast as you can(后省略run)!Please write to me as soon as
18、possible.病原体侵入机体,消弱机体防御机能,破坏机体内环境的相对稳定性,且在一定部位生长繁殖,引起不同程度的病理生理过程v 11、George heard the noise and came downstairs quickly.下楼,楼下 downstairs upstairs 上楼,楼上v 12、He turned on the light,but he couldnt see anyone.turn on 打开 关上 turn off;复合不定代词 anyone 任何人v 13、The thieves had already gone.过去完成时。had gone=had le
19、ft=had run away(上文)病原体侵入机体,消弱机体防御机能,破坏机体内环境的相对稳定性,且在一定部位生长繁殖,引起不同程度的病理生理过程v 14、But Georges parrot,Henry,was still there.名词所有格s;同位语;still 仍然。v 15、Nothing,Henry,George said and smiled.Go back to sleep.go back to do sth.回去继续做某事。例如:go back to work go back to some place 回到某地。例如:go back to ones hometown一、
20、过去完成时二、过去完成时与现在完成时的比较三、过去完成时与一般过去时的比较Grammar in useGrammar 过去完成时 概念:在过去某一特定的时间之前,动作已经结束或完成;过去的两个动作进行比较时,发生在之前的那个动作应该用过去完成时。结构:S+had 动词过去分词(+by the end of 到为止)常与现在完成时连用的副词:already(已经),ever(曾经),for+表示时间段的词,just(刚刚),never(从未)。I had seen 50 films by the end of last week.I bought a new car last year afte
21、r I had sold my old one.用法 主要用法有三个,即已完成用法,未完成用法和虚拟用法 已完成用法表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成如:Tomflewhome,buthisfatherhaddied.未完成用法表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经开始,一直延续到这一过去时间,而且到那时还未结束,仍有继续下去的可能性如:Bysixoclocktheyhadworkedtwelvehours.虚拟用法表示主观愿望和过去事实相反的,非真实的假设虚拟情况如:Youdidntletmedrive.Ifwe_inturn,you_sotired.(NMET
22、96)A.drove;didntgetB.drove;wouldntget C.weredriving;wouldntgetD.haddriven;wouldnthavegot(Key:D)已完成用法 1.by 过去某一时间连用,意为到为止在之前,表示在过去 某一时刻或动作以前完成了得动作如:Wehadgoteverythingreadybythetimetheyarrived.练习根据汉语提示完成句子:_(到他岁时),he_(建立)hisownchemicallab.(Key:Bythetimehewas14;hadbuilt)_(在比赛临结束之前),they_(踢进了)twogoalsan
23、dwe_(踢进了)four.(Key:Bytheendofthematch/Beforethematchnearlyended;hadkicked;hadkicked)Bythetimethenewpupil_enoughcouragetoraisehishand,thebell_fortheEndofthelesson.(MET88)A.hadgathered;wasalreadyringing B.wasgathering;hadalreadyrung C.gathered;alreadyrang D.wouldrather;wouldalreadyhaverung(key:A)2.也常用
24、when,before 等引导的时间状语从句作为发生的时间先后对比,即主句动作发生在从句动作之前,这时主句用过去完成时,从句常用一般过去时 Hehadonlyjustreachedhomewhenamancalledtoseehim.他刚到家就有人找他(when 在此有突然之意)IhadnotgonemuchfatherbeforeIcaughtthemup.我没有走多远就赶上他们了练习Tomwasdisappointed(失望的)thatmostoftheguests_whenhe_attheparty.A.left;hadarrivedB.left;arrived C.hadleft;ha
25、darrivedD.hadleft;arrived(key:D)Howlong_eachotherbeforethey_married?(NMET93)Aboutayear.A.havetheyknown;getB.didtheyknow;weregoingtoget C.dotheyknow;aregoingtogetD.hadtheyknown;got(key:D)3.常与fore,since,until,when 等构成的时间状语(从句)连用,表示由过去某一时刻开始,一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态 UntilthenIhadknownnothingaboutit.那时以前我对其一无所
26、知 IhadonlybeenthereforfiveminuteswhenJohnwalkedin.我在那里仅呆了五分钟,约翰就进来了 练习Shetoldmethatshe_(be)illsinceshe_(come)backfromtheseaside.(key:hadbeen;came)4 过去完成时常用在宾语从句(或间接引语)中。这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前。如:Thepolicefoundthatthehouse_andalotofthings_.(NMET90)A.hasbrokeninto;hasbeenstolenB.hadbrokeninto;hadbeens
27、tolen C.hasbeenbrokeninto;stolenD.hadbeenbrokeninto;stolen(key:D)ThepenI_I_isonmydesk,rightundermynose.(NMET93)A.think;lostB.thought;hadlost C.think;hadlostD.thought;havelost(key:B)练习Hetoldmethathe_(see)thefilmthedaybefore.(key:hadseen)5 在“Itwas+时间名词+since 从句”句型结构中,从句的动作或状态发生在“过去的过去”。这时since从句中的动作常用
28、过去完成时。如:Theyaskedmetohaveadrinkwiththem.IsaidthatitwasatleasttenyearssinceI_agooddrink.(MET89)A.hadenjoyedB.wasenjoying C.enjoyedD.hadbeenenjoying 练习 1)Itwasfifteenyearssinceshehadlefthome.Herhomevillage_greatly_.(key:hadchanged)2)ItwasnearlytwoweekssinceI_(receive)hisletter.(key:hadreceived)6 常用在ha
29、rdlywhen;nosoonerthan 句型中,表示“一就”。如:1)_gotintotheroom_thetelephonerang.(MET88)A.Hehardlyhad;thenB.Hardlyhadhe;when C.Hehadnot;thatD.Nothadhe;when(key:B)2)_leftthehouse_itbegantorain.A.Nosoonerhadwe;whenB.Hardlyhadwe;then C.Wehadnosooner;thenD.Nosoonerhadwe;than(key:D)B.未完成用法 多用于宾语从句或间接引语中,有时用于before/
30、assoonas 等引导的时间状语从句中。如:1.Hesaidhehadworkedinthatfactorysince1989.2.Hesaidhewouldcomeassoonashehadfinishedhiswork.他说一干完活就来。(hadfinished 表示“过去将来”)练习 1)昨天夜晚九点以前,我们已经得到200 幅宇宙飞船发来的照片。_,we_200picturesfromthespaceship.(key:Bynineoclocklast:hadgot)2)到那年年底,亨利已收集了一千多张外国邮票。_,Henry_morethanathousandforeignstam
31、ps.(Bytheendofthatyear;hadcollected)3)I_(study)Englishfor3yearsbeforeI_(go)toAustralia.(key:hadstudied;went)4)I_(work)for3yearsIbeforeI_(join)thePLA.(key:hadworked;joined)1.I _ 900 English words by the time I was ten。A.learned B.was learning C.had learned D.learnt 2.Bythetimemyparentsreachedhomeyest
32、erday,I_thedinneralready.AhadcookedB.cookedC.havecookedD.wascooked 3.By the time he was ten years old,he _.A has completed university B.has completed the university ChadcompletedanuniversityD.hadcompleteduniversity 4.He _ to play _ before he was 11 years old.Ahadlearned,pianoB.hadlearned,thepianoC.h
33、aslearned,thepianoD.learns,piano 5.The students _ their classroom when the visitors arrived.A.havecleanedB.hadcleanedC.wascleanedD.havebeencleanedCADAB用动词的适当形式填空1.I asked the price of the car,but they _(sell)it.2.She_(clean)the room before she went out.3.We_(have)dinner before they arrived.4.She wen
34、t on holiday after she _(take)the exam.5.He went home after he_(see)the film.6.After she_(make)the dumplings,we ate them.7.By the time of last term,the boy _(learn)2000 words.8.She_(be)to many cities by the time she was ten.had sold had cleaned had had had taken had seen had made had learnedhad been
35、C 虚拟用法 1 动词think,want,hope,mean,plan 等用过去完成时来表示过去未曾实现的想法、希望、打算或意图等。如:Ihadmeanttocome,butsomethinghappened.我本想来,但有事就没有来。2 wish 后的宾语从句中表示不能实现的愿望;或条件状语从句中表示一种假设与过去事实相反的情况时,则从句中的动词形式用过去完成时。如:1)IwishI_youyesterday.(MET88)A.sawB.didseeC.hadseenD.weretosee(key:C)2)Ididntseeyoursisteratthemeeting.Ifshe_,she
36、wouldhavemetmybrother.(NMET94)A.hascomeB.didcomeC.cameD.hadcome(key:D)3)Ifhe_,he_thatfood.Luckilyhewassenttothehospitalimmediately.A.waswarned;wouldnottake B.hadbeenwarned;wouldnothavetaken C.wouldbewarned;hadnottaken D.shouldbewarned;wouldhavetaken(key:B)3 Asif/asthough“似乎、好像”,引导的从句表示一种与过去事实相反的虚拟情况
37、时,该从句谓语动词应用过去完成时。如:1)Hetalkedasifhe_foryears.(上海86)A.islivingthereB.waslivingthere C.haslivedthereD.hadlivedthere(key:D)2)Thetwostrangerstalkedasifthey_friendsforyears.(上海93)A.shouldbeB.wouldbeC.havebeenD.hadbeen(key:D)病原体侵入机体,消弱机体防御机能,破坏机体内环境的相对稳定性,且在一定部位生长繁殖,引起不同程度的病理生理过程Homework 1.Tofinishtheexercisesafterthetext.2.Topractisethestructureslearnedduringtheclass.