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1、学英语简单吗？肯定会有许多学生说：“难死了”。为什么有好多学生对英语的学习都感到头疼呢？答案只有一个：“不得法。”英语与汉语一样都是一种语言，为什么你说汉语会如此流利？那是因为你置身于一个汉语环境中，如果你在伦敦呆上半年，保准说起英语来会非常流利。但很多中学生没有很好的英语环境，那么你可以自己设置一个英语环境，坚持“多说”、“多听”、“多读”、“多写”，那么你的英语成绩肯定会很出色。一、多“说”。自己多创造机会与英语教师多讲英语，见了同学，尤其是和好朋友在一起时尽量用英语去问候，谈心情这时候你需随身携带一个英汉互译小词典，遇到生词时查一下这些生词，也不用刻意去记，用的多了，这个单词自然而然就会
2、记住。千万别把学英语当成负担，始终把它当成一件有趣的事情去做。或许你有机会碰上外国人，你应大胆地上去跟他打招呼，和他谈天气、谈风景、谈学校只是别问及他的年纪，婚史等私人问题。尽量用一些你学过的词汇,句子去和他谈天说地。不久你会发现与老外聊天要比你与中国人谈英语容易的多。因为他和你交谈时会用许多简单词汇，而且不太看重说法，你只要发音准确，准能顺利地交流下去。只是你必须要有信心，敢于表达自己的思想。如果没有合适的伙伴也没关系，你可以拿过一本书或其它什么东西做假想对象,对它谈你一天的所见所闻，谈你的快乐，你的悲伤等等，长此坚持下去你的口语肯定会有较大的提高。二、多“听”寻找一切可以听英语的机会。别人
3、用英语交谈时，你应该大胆地去参与，多听听各种各样人的发音，男女老少，节奏快的慢的你都应该接触到，如果这样的机会少的话，你可以选择你不知内容的文章去听，这将会对你帮助很大，而你去听学过的课文的磁带，那将会对你的语言语调的学习有很大的帮助。三、多“读”。“读”可以分为两种。一种是“默读”。每天给予一定时间的练习将会对你提高阅读速度有很大的好处，读的内容可以是你的课本，但最好是一些有趣的小读物,因为现在的英语高考越来越重视阅读量和阅读速度。每道题的得分都与你的理解程度有很大关系，所以经过高中三年阅读的训练后，你必定会在高考中胜券在握。另一种是“朗读”这是学语言必不可少的一种学习途径。四、多“写”有的
4、同学总是抱怨时间紧，根本没时间写作文。其实“写”的形式很多，不一定就写作文才提高写作能力。比如写下你一天中发生的一些重要的事情，或当天学了某一个词组，你可以创设一个语境恰如其份地用上这个词。这样即可帮你记住这个词的用法，又可以锻炼你的写作能力，比如学“wish”一词时，可写一小段如下：The teacher often asks us what we want to be in the future.My goodfriend Tom wishes to be a soldier.HoweverJm different.1 wish I were ateacher in the future.
5、But my mother wishes me to be a doctor.只几句话：但wish的几种用法已跃然纸上，这样写下来印象会深刻得多，这样比死记硬背wish的用法也有趣轻松的多。学习英语不用花大块的时间，10分钟的散步可以练“说“，吃完饭后可以读一会儿英语小说，睡前听几分钟英语，可以使你得到更好地休息只要你每天抽出一些时间来练英语，你的英语成绩肯定会很快提高的。背英语单词技巧1、循环记忆法艾宾浩斯遗忘曲线人的大脑是一个记忆的宝库，人脑经历过的事物，思考过的问题，体验过的情感和情绪，练习过的动作，都可以成为人们记忆的内容。例如英文的学习中单词、短语和句子，甚至文章的内容都是通过记忆完
6、成的。从“记“到“忆“是有个过程的，这其中包括了识记、保持、再认和回忆。有很多人在学习英语的过程中，只注重了学习当时的记忆效果，孰不知，要想做好学习的记忆工作，是要下一番工夫的，单纯的注重当时的记忆效果，而忽视了后期的保持和再认同样是达不到良好的效果的。在信息的处理上，记忆是对输入信息的编码、贮存和提取的过程，从信息处理的角度上，英文的第一次学习和背诵只是一个输入编码的过程。人的记忆的能力从生理上讲是十分惊人的，它可以存贮1015比特（byte,字节）的信息，可是每个人的记忆宝库被挖掘的只占10%,还有更多的记忆发挥空间。这是因为，有些人只关注了记忆的当时效果，却忽视了记忆中的更大的问题-即记
7、忆的牢固度问题，那就牵涉到心理学中常说的关于记忆遗忘的规律。一、艾宾浩斯记忆规律曲线解释德国有一位著名的心理学家名叫艾宾浩斯（Hermann Ebbinghaus,1850-1909）,他 在1885年发表了他的实验报告后，记忆研究就成了心理学中被研究最多的领域之一，而艾宾浩斯正是发现记忆遗忘规律的第一人。根据我们所知道的，记忆的保持在时间上是不同的，有短时的记忆和长时的记忆两种。而我们平时的记忆的过程是这样的：输入的信息在经过人的注意过程的学习后，便成为了人的短时的记忆，但是如果不经过及时的复习，这些记住过的东西就会遗忘，而经过了及时的复习，这些短时的记忆就会成为了人的一种长时的记忆，从而在
8、大脑中保持着很长的时间。那么，对于我们来讲，怎样才叫做遗忘呢，所谓遗忘就是我们对于曾经记忆过的东西不能再认起来，也不能回忆起来，或者是错误的再认和错误的回忆,这些都是遗忘。艾宾浩斯在做这个实验的时候是拿自己作为测试对象的，他得出了一些关于记忆的结论。他选用了一些根本没有意义的音节，也就是那些不能拼出单词来的众多字母的组合，比如asww,cfhhj,ijikmb,rfyjbc等等。他经过对自己的测试，得到了一些数据。然后，艾宾浩斯又根据了这些点描绘出了一条曲线，这就是非常有名的揭示遗忘规律的曲线：艾宾浩斯遗忘曲线，图中竖轴表示学习中记住的知识数量，横轴表示时间（天数），曲线表示记忆量变化的规律。
9、这条曲线告诉人们在学习中的遗忘是有规律的，遗忘的进程不是均衡的，不是固定的一天丢掉几个，转天又丢几个的，而是在记忆的最初阶段遗忘的速度很快，后来就逐渐减慢了，到了相当长的时候后，几乎就不再遗忘了，这就是遗忘的发展规律，即“先快后慢”的原则。观察这条遗忘曲线，你会发现，学得的知识在一天后，如不抓紧复习，就只剩下原来的2 5%）。随着时间的推移，遗忘的速度减慢，遗忘的数量也就减少。有人做过一个实验，两组学生学习一段课文，甲组在学习后不久进行一次复习，乙组不予复习，一天后甲组保持9 8%,乙组保 持 5 6%；一周后甲组保持8 3%,乙组保持3 3%。乙组的遗忘平均值比甲组高。二、不同性质材料有不同
10、的遗忘曲线而且，艾宾浩斯还在关于记忆的实验中发现，记 住 1 2 个无意义音节，平均需要重 复 16.5次；为了记住3 6 个无意义章节，需重复5 4 次；而记忆六首诗中的480个音节，平均只需要重复8 次！这个实验告诉我们，凡是理解了的知识，就能记得迅速、全面而牢固。不然，愣是死记硬背，那也是费力不讨好的。因此，比较容易记忆的是那些有意义的材料，而那些无意义的材料在记忆的时候比较费力气，在以后回忆起来的时候也很不轻松。因此，艾宾浩斯遗忘曲线是关于遗忘的一种曲线，而且是对无意义的音节而言，对于与其他材料的对比，艾宾浩斯又得出了不同性质材料的不同遗忘曲线，不过他们大体上都是一致的。因此，艾宾浩斯
11、的实验向我们充分证实了一个道理，学习要勤于复习，而且记忆的理解效果越好，遗忘的也越慢。三、不同的人有不同的艾宾浩斯记忆曲线”个性化的艾宾浩斯上述的艾宾浩斯记忆曲线是艾宾浩斯在实验室中经过了大量测试后，产生了不同的记忆数据，从而生成的一种曲线，是一个具有共性的群体规律。此记忆曲线并不考虑接受试验个人的个性特点，而是寻求一种处于平衡点的记忆规律。但是记忆规律可以具体到我们每个人，因为我们的生理特点、生活经历不同，可能导致我们有不同的记忆习惯、记忆方式、记忆特点。规律对于自然人改造世界的行为，只能起一个催化的作用，如果与每个人的记忆特点相吻合，那么就如顺水扬帆，一日千里；如果与个人记忆特点相悖，记忆
12、效果则会大打折扣。因此，我们要根据每个人的不同特点，寻找到属于自己的艾宾浩斯记忆曲线2如何学英语下定决心，坚持不懈英语学习作为一门语言技能，通过大量的训练和练习任何人是可以掌握的。一般地说，英语学习的原则是听、说领先，读、写跟上。李扬的疯狂英语提倡，首先建立起我能学好英语的信心，然后以句子为单位，大量地模仿，疯狂地操练，大声地朗读，最后达到自如地说英语，他的方法对提高说英语的能力很奏效。钟道隆教授4 5 岁开始学英语，一年后，学成出国当口语翻译，并创造了逆苦恼、逆急于求成、逆速成的逆向学习英语的方法。他还提出学习英语要遵循听、写、说、背、想的方法，他的方法强调以听为主，并且把所听到的内容全部写
13、下来。尤其是他的学习精神最可佳，他学习英语用坏了十几台录音机，你可想象他听了多少英语；用完的圆珠笔芯几乎装满了一个一拉罐，你可想象他写了多少，在一年半内，累计业余学习英语时间大约三千小时，也就说每天抽出几个小时来学英语。如果我们做到他那样，一定也能学好英语。最重要的是坚持，只要能下定决心，坚持每天至少一个小时的学习英语，战胜自我最后肯定会有收获的。注意方法，循序渐进决心下定，还注意学习方法，有时根据自己的情况和不同的学习目的，选择不同的学习方法，但是学习英语一定要踏踏实实地、一步一个脚印地走。要把基础知识掌握好，也就是说，发音要正确、基本词汇要掌握牢、基本句式要熟练、基本语法要会用。(1)要过
14、好语音关。把每一个音标发正确，注意改正有问题的音素，特别是那些容易混淆的音素，尽早地掌握国际音标，并尽量的掌握一些读音规则，尽快地能利用读音规则来拼单词，掌握读音规则对单词的记忆和拼写非常有用。(2)掌握一定数量的英语单词。对于学习者来说掌握英语词汇是一难关，学习单词要从单词的形、音、义这三方面去掌握，要注意单词的一词多义，一词多类的用法，要学会一些构词法的知识，来扩展词汇量。学习单词要在语言材料中去学，要结合词组，通过句子，阅读文章来活记单词，死记的单词是记不牢的。坚持在读、说前，先反复听，听的时候反应单词、句子的意思和节奏，想一下单词的拼法、句子结构。并要同学习语法规则有机结合起来进行。(
15、3)掌握好基本语法。语法在学习英语中也很重要，它能帮助我们把握住英语的基本规律，通过例句或语言现象把死的语法规则要记住，活的规则要通过做大量的练习掌握。总之学习英语要通过听、说、读、写、译来进行操练，不但要注意数量，更重要的是要注意质量，尤其是基本知识要掌握的准确，熟练。只有经过大量的实践，才能做到熟能生巧，运用自如。提前预习，有的放矢作为学生，在每次上课前，都要对要学的课文提前预习。首先在音标的帮助下试着拼读单词，也可以借助配套磁带反复听，对比一下，把握不准的要标出来,注意上课老师的发音，还要记一下单词的汉语意思和词性。借助课文的注释或辅导材料，预习一遍课文，找出不明白的地方，做到心中有数，
16、在教师讲课时注意听这些地方。总之，预习的目的是熟悉要学的内容，找出不明白的地方，带着问题听课，做到有的放矢。认真听课，积极配合课堂是老师与学生一起学习、掌握、运用知识的主要场所。作为起主导作用的老师一方引导学生搞好课堂教学是很必要的，但也需要学习者的积极配合。上课要专心听讲、作好笔记、认真操练、积极思考。预习时出现的问题在课堂上教师没有讲到的，要向老师提出，把问题搞清楚，老师讲授的问题，先注意听,下课后整理一下笔记，反复思考一下这些问题，抓住老师所讲的重点，难点和考点。总之，上课时要做到耳听、眼观、嘴动、脑想，调动起多个感官来。完成作业，找出问题学完每一课，要认真完成课后作业。做作业时一定不要
17、看参考书上题的答案，做完后再对答案，对于作业中所出现的不明白的问题，应该记下来，等下次上课时提出来。做作业是英语学习的很重要的环节，它是消化知识和巩固知识的过程，一定要认真完成规定的作业，笔头作业要动一动笔，口头作业要动一动嘴，提高听力要练一练耳，课文在听和读的基础上，最好背诵某些精彩段落。总之，要做大量的练习，英语是练出来的，一定不要偷懒。及时复习，巩固知识学会了的东西随着时间的流逝会逐渐遗忘，但学语言有遗忘现象是正常的。更不必因为有遗忘现象而影响自己学好英语的信心与决心。问题在于怎样来减轻遗忘的程度。善于类比，总结知识，把新学的知识同过去学的有关的知识进行横向和纵向比较和联系。建立错误档案
18、记录，加深印象，以避免再反同样错误。我们大部分知识和技能是靠重复获得的，及时复习对于记忆非常必要，学英语就是要坚持天天不断的练，不断地重复基本句型，常用词汇和基本语法等。学习英语的过程也是同遗忘做斗争的过程。总而言之，只要你能做到下定决心学，注意学习方法，把课前预习，认真听课,完成作业，及时复习这些环节作好了，你一定能够学好英语中考阅读理解真题73-90阅 读 理 解(73)2002年北京市海淀区中考英语试题(A)It was half past eight in the morning.The telephone bell rang and Mary went to answer it.“H
19、ello,whos that?”she asked.“Its me-Peter.”Peter was a friend of Marys brother,Johnny.“Oh,hello,Peter.What do you want?said Mary.“Can I speak to Johnny?”“No,said Maryyou cant speak to him now.He is busy.He is getting ready for school.He is eating his breakfast.Grandmother is combing his hair.Sister is
20、 under the table,putting hisshoes on.Mother is getting his books and putting them in his schoolbag.Goodbye.Ive got to gonow.I have to hold the door open.The school bus is comingWhat do you think of the story?Are you sometimes like Johnny?If so,you need to changeyour habits.41.It was in the morning w
21、hen the telephone bell rang.A.7:00 B.7:30 C.8:30 D,9:0042.Peter was J o h n n y s.A.father B.friend C.uncle D.teacher43.What was Johnny doing at the moment?He was.A.eating his breakfast B.answering the telephoneC.putting on his shoes D.holding the door open44.How many people can you find in the stor
22、y?A.Two.B.Four.C.Six.D.Eight.阅 读 理 解(74)Today people can use the phone to talk with others almost anywhere on the earth.But whenyou use the phone,you dont see the person you are talking with.That may change in the nearfuture.Today some people are using a kind of telephone called the picture phone or
23、 vision phone.With it,two people who are talking can see each other.Picture phones can be useful when you have something to show the person youre calling.They may have other uses in the future.One day you may be able to ring up a library and ask tosee a book.Then youll be able to read the book right
24、 over your picture phone.Or you may be able to goshopping through your picture phone.If you see something in the newspaper that you think youwant to buy,youll go to your phone and call the shop.People at the shop will show you thething youre interested in right over the phone.You91 1 be able to shop
25、 all over town and nevereven leave your room!45.Today people can use the phone to talk with ot he r s.A.in all the towns B.in some places in the worldC.only in big cities D.almost anywhere on the earth46.The word“it in the text me ans.A.the picture phone B.any phone C.the use D.the change47.We can t
26、hrough the picture phone according to（根据）the text.A.write a book B.do shopping C.play games D.have classes阅 读 理 解（75）“Its over!Thank goodness!”School was over and I was tired.I sat at the front of the school bus.Janie,the driver,tries to break the uncomfortable atmosphere（气氛）by striking the match of
27、talks.I try to listen politely,but usually 1 am too busy thinking about my day.On this day,however,her talk was worth（值得）listening to.“My fathers ill,she said to no one in particular（特别地）.1 could see worry in her eyes.I had never seen her like this before.She always meets students with a smile.With
28、a sudden change of interest,I asked,Whats wrong with him?”With her eyes wet and her voice unusual,she answeredHeart trouble.Her eyes loweredas she continued.1ve already lost my mum,so I dont think I can stand losing him.I couldntanswer.My heart ached for her.I sat on the seat thinking of the great p
29、ain（痛苦）my own mother was thrown into when herfather died.I saw how hard it was,and still is,for her.I wouldnt want anyone to go throughthat.Suddenly I realized（意识至!|）Janie wasnt only a bus driver,that was just her job.She hada whole world of family and cares too.I suddenly felt very selfish.I paid n
30、o attention to Janie because she was a bus driver.I hadjudged her by her job and brushed her off as unimportant.I shouldnt have been so selfish and self-centered.Understanding people is an art.48.When the students get on the school bus,Janie u s ua l l y.A.listens to music B.talks about her own worr
31、yC.sits on her seat without words D.meets them with a smile49.After she learned Janies story,the writer thought of.A.her fathers death B.her mothers painC.the ache of her own heart D.the pain of Janies parents50.Why did the writer feel selfish?Be c a u s e.A.she had never had Janie as anything excep
32、t a driverB.she had made only a few friends in the schoolC.she had hardly thought of herselfD.she had never listened to others51.In this passage the writer tries to tell us t hat.A.losing parents makes people sad and helplessB.understanding the people around us takes timeC.we should try to look deep
33、er into the people around usD.its not right to judge the people around us by their clothes阅 读 理 解（7 6）（D）One of the things I always believe is that no matter how bad something is,you can takesomething positive out of it.The one time I wasnt sure of that was on September 11.I usually wake up at 6:30
34、or 7:00 in the morning.That day,I happened to wake up earlier.Iturned on the TV and I saw that a plane had crashed into the North Tower of the World TradeCenter.My first reaction was that it was a terrible accident.Then I saw another plane fly into theSouth Tower and I realized that I was witnessing
35、 an act of terrorism.My wife and I spent the day watching the terrible pictures over and over again.When Iwatched family members looking for their loved ones,the pain in their eyes was something Iwould never forget.I couldnt understand how something this terrible could have happened.It wasnt until a
36、 few weeks after September 11 that I began to see that perhaps some good didcome from this tragedy.People seem different now,more understanding,more tolerant.Littlethings that seemed to be such a trouble before are no longer big things.Personally,I am moretolerant than I was.I realize life is too sh
37、ort,and too precious,to let myself get worried oversmall things.Fve learned also that you cant take things for granted.Things change in the blinkof an eye.People go to work and dont come back.One moment theyre living and the nextminute theyre not.And,it doesn,t matter who you are,there is nothing yo
38、u can do about it.Wenever know when our time here will be over,so we all need to make the most of every minute wehave.You try to learn from what happened.You cant be used up by it.You cant live by it.All youcan do is just live.注：crash 撞击 reaction 反应 witness 目击 tragedy 悲剧 tolerant 宽容的 precious珍 贵 的 t
39、ake.for granted认为.是当然的52.The word positive“in the passage probably means.A.terrible B.bad C.good D.real53.What did the writer see after he turned on the TV that morning?A.A fire starting.B.A plane flying.C.A terrible accident.D.An act of terrorism.54.From September 11,the writer has realized t hat.A
40、.people should make the most of every minute they haveB.he has become less tolerant towards othersC.he should get worried about little thingsD.life is too short to care about others55.Whats the best title（题目）of this passage?A.A Report about September 11 B.The Tragedy of September 11C.September 11 an
41、d My Family D.September 11 and My Turn41.C 42.B 43.A 44.C45.D 46.A 47.B 48.D 49.B 50.A 51.C 52.C 53.D 54.A 55.D阅 读 理 解（77）2002年武汉市四月重点中学联考英语试题 AIn order to learn to be ones true self,it is necessary to obtain a wide and extensive knowledgeof what has been said and done in the world;critically to inq
42、uire into it;carefully to consider it;clearly to analyze it;and earnestly to can*y it out.It matters not what you learn,but when you once learn a thing,you must never give it up untilyou have mastered it.It matters not what you inquire into,but when you once inquire into a thing,you must never give
43、it up until you have thoroughly understood it.It matters not what you try tothink of,but when you once try to think of a thing,you must never give it up until you have gotwhat you want.It matters not what you try to carry out,but when you once try to carry out a thing,you must never give it up until
44、 you have done it thoroughly and well.If another man succeeds by one effort,you will use a hundred efforts.If another mansucceeds by ten efforts,you will use a thousand.56.According to the author,first of all one mus t.A.analyze B.inquire C.obtain D.act57.When you try to do something,what matters is
45、.A.not to care too much about it B.to act immediatelyC.to think carefully before you do it D.to carry it through to the end58.According to the author,anther mans success s h o u l d.A.encourage us to make greater efforts B.not be taken into considerationC.make us nervous D.cause one to stop trying59
46、.the author implies but does not say that.A.the way to knowledge is through specializationB.one has to know everything to be successfulC.success depends not so much on natural ability as it does on effortD.success in ones profession is least important in ones life阅 读 理 解（7 8）BA deposit（定金）of half th
47、e total cost of stay secures the booking.Balance payable onarrival in cash and traveler cheques.In addition an agreement of between 50 and 200 isrequired according to length of stay and is returned against keys on departure.Apartments are available from 16:00 on arrival and must be vacated by 10:00
48、ondeparture.They should be kept clean at all times.A charge of$30 will be made on departure ifextra cleaning is necessary.Breakages and damage are charged at cost.Gas and electricity are metered,personal and kitchen towels are not provided.No responsibility is accepted for loss,damage or injury to v
49、isitors or their possessions.60.If you want to live in the apartment,you have to pay when you arrive.A.half of the total cost B.the total costC.between 50 and 200 D.in cash61.You dont have to pay an extra charge if.A.your apartment is not clean B.you break somethingC.your keys are not returned D.you
50、 leave the apartment at 9 oclock in the morning62.Which of the following is true?A.You dons need to pay for the gas B.you can get free towelsC.If you are injured you can be sent to the hospital free of chargeD.If you return the key when you leave,you can have some of your money back阅 读 理 解(79)CSome