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1、阅读难点关键句200句（以包括译文）1.The teacher was not wrong to draw attention to the errors,but if his priorities hadcentred on the childs ideas,an expression of his disappointment with the presentationwould have given the pupil more motivation to seek improvement.2.But it will be the drivers responsibility to ma
2、ke sure that children under 14 do not ride inthe front unless they are wearing a seat belt of some kind.3.However,you do not have to wear a seat belt if you are reversing your vehicle;or youare making a localdelivery or collection using a special vehicle;or if you have a validmedical certificate whi
3、ch excuses you from wearing it.4.Remember you may be taken to court for not doing so,and you may be fined if youcannot prove to the court that you have been excused from wearing it.5.Professor laiju Matsuzawa wanted to find out why otherwise healthy farmers innorthern Japan appeared to be losing the
4、ir ability to think and reason at a relatively earlyage,and how the process of ageing could he slowed down.6.With a team of colleagues at Tokyo National University,he set about measuring brainvolumes of a thousand people of different ages and varying occupations.7.Computer technology enabled the res
5、earchers to obtain precise measurements of thevolume of the front and side sections of the brain,which relate to intellect（智能）andemotion,and determine the human character.8.Contraction of front and side parts as cells die off was observed in some subjects in theirthirties,but it was still not eviden
6、t in some sixty and seventy-year-olds.9.The findings show in general terms that contraction of the brain begins sooner in peoplein the country than in the towns.10.White collar workers doing routine work in government offices are,however,as likelyto have shrinking brains as the farm worker,bus drive
7、r and shop assistant.11.We know that you have a high opinion of the kind of learning taught in your colleges,and that the costs of living of our young men,while with you,would be very expensive toyou.12.But you must know that different nations have different ways of looking at things,andyou will the
8、refore not be offended if our ideas of this kind of education happen not to bethe same as yours.13.We are,however,not the less obliged by your kind offer,though we refuse to accept it;and,to show our grateful sense of it,if the gentlemen of Virginia w川 send us a dozen oftheir sons,we will take care
9、of their education,teach them in all we know,and make menof them.14.In what now seems like the prehistoric times of computer history,the earth*s postwarera,there was quite a wide-spread concern that computers would take over the worldfrom man one day.15.Already today,less than forty years later,as c
10、omputers are relieving us of more andmore of the routine tasks in business and in our personal lives.We are faced with a lessdramatic but also less foreseen problem.16.Obviously,there would be no point in investing in a computer if you had to check all itsanswers,but people should also rely on their
11、 own internal computers and check themachine when they have the feeling that something has gone wrong.17.Certainly Newton considered some theoretical aspects of it in his writings,but he wasreluctant to go to sea to further his work.18.For most people the sea was remote,and with the exception of ear
12、ly intercontinentaltravellers or others who earned a living from the sea,there was little reason to ask manyquestions about it,let alone to ask what lay beneath the surface.19.The first time that the question”What is at the bottom of the oceans?had to beanswered with any commercial consequence was w
13、hen the laying of a telegraph cablefrom Europe to America was proposed.20.At the early attempts,the cable failed and when it was taken out for repairs it wasfound to be covered in living growths,a fact which defied contemporary scientific opinionthat there was no life in the deeper parts of the sea.
14、21.For every course that he follows a student is given a grade,which is recorded,and therecord is available for the student to show to prospective employers.22.All this imposes a constant pressure and strain of work,but in spite of this somestudents still find time for great activity in student affa
15、irs.23.The effective work of maintaining discipline is usually performed by students whoadvise the academic authorities.24.Much family quarrelling ends when husbands and wives realize what these energycycles mean,and which cycle each member of the family has.25.Whenever possible,do routine work in t
16、he afternoon and save tasks requiring moreenergy or concentration for your sharper hours.26.We also value personal qualities and social skills,and we find that mixed-abilityteaching contributes to all these aspects of learning.27.They also learn how to cope with personal problems as well as learning
17、 how to think,tomake decisions,to analyse and evaluate,and to communicate effectively.28.The problem is,how to encourage a child to express himself freely and confidently inwriting without holding him back with the complexities of spelling?29.It may have been a sharp criticism of the pupils technica
18、l abilities in writing,but it wasalso a sad reflection on the teacher who had omitted to read the essay,which containedsome beautiful expressions of the childs deep feelings.30.Wearing a seat belt saves lives;it reduces your chance of death or serious injury bymore than half.31.Given the nature of g
19、overnment and private employers,it seems most likely thatdiscrimination by private employers would be greater.32.The release of the carbon in these compounds for recycling depends almost entirely onthe action of both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria and certain types of fungi.33.A spirited discussion
20、springs up between a young girl who says that women have outgrown thejumping-on-a-chair-at-the-sight-of-a mouse era and a major who says that they havent.34.They are trying to find out whether there is something about the way we teachlanguage to children which in fact prevents children from learning
21、 sooner.35.Mathematicians who have tried to use the computers to copy the way the brain workshave found that even using the latest electronic equipment they would have to build acomputer which weighed over 10,000 kilos.36.Snce different people like to do so many different things in their spare time,
22、we couldmake a long list of hobbies,taking in everything from collecting matchboxes and raisingrare fish,to learning about the stars and making model ships.37.They know that a seal swimming under the ice will keep a breathing hole open by itswarm breath,so they will wait beside the hole and kill it.
23、38.We may be able to decide whether someone is white only by seeing if they have noneof the features that would mark them clearly as a member of another race.39.Although signs of dishonesty in school,business and government seem much morenumerous in years than in the past,（x）uld it be that we are ge
24、tting better at revealingsuch dishonesty?40.It is not quite a matter of disagreeing with the theory of independence,but of rejectingits implications:that the romances may be taken in any or no particular order,that theyhave no cumulative effect,and that they are as separate as the works of a modernn
25、ovelist.41.His thesis works relatively well when applied to discrimination against Blacks in theUnited States,but his definition of racial prejudice as”racially-based negativeprejudgments against a group generally accepted as a race in any given region of ethniccompetition,can be interpreted as also
26、 including hostility toward such ethnic groups asthe Chinese in California and the Jews in medieval Bjrope.42.Gutman argues convincingly that the stability of the Black family encouraged thetransmission of and so was crucial in sustaining-the Black heritage of folklore,music,andreligious expression
27、from one generation to another,a heritage that slaves werecontinually fashioning out of their African and American experiences.43.Even the folk knowledge in social systems on which ordinary life is based in earning,spending,organizing,marrying,taking part in political activities,fighting and so on,i
28、snot very dissimilar from the more sophisticated images of the social system derivedfrom the social sciences,even though it is built upon the very imperfect samples ofpersonal experience.44.There are several steps that can be taken,of which the chief one is to demand of all theorganizations that exi
29、st with the declared objectives of safeguarding the interests ofanimals that they should declare clearly where they stand on violence towards people.45.It was possible to demonstrate by other methods refined structural differences amongneuron types,however,proof was lacking that the quality of the i
30、mpulse or its conductionwas influenced by these differences,which seemed instead to influence the developmentalpatterning of the neural circuits.46.According to this theory,it is not the quality of the sensory nerve impulses thatdetermines the diverse conscious sensations they produce,but rather the
31、 different areas ofthe brain into which they discharge,and there is some evidence for this view.47.The result of attrition is that,where the areas of the whole leaves follow a normaldistribution,a bimodal distribution is produced,one peak composed mainly of fragmentedpieces,the other of the larger r
32、emains.48.The Bible does not tell us how the Ftoman census takers made out,and as regards ourmore immediate concern,the reliability of present day economic forecasting,there areconsiderable difference of opinion.49.A survey conducted in Britain confirmed that an abnormally high percentage ofpatients
33、 suffering from arthritis of the spine who had been treated with X rays contractedcancer.50.Yet across the gulf of space,minds that are to our minds as ours are to those of thebeasts that perish,intellects vast and cool and unsympathetic,regarded this earth withenvious eyes,and slowly and surely dre
34、w their plans against us.51.Even the doctoral degree,long recognized as a required”union card in the academicworld,has come under severe criticism as the pursuit of learning for its own sake and theaccumulation of knowledge without immediate application to a professors classroomduties.52.While a sel
35、ection of necessary details is involved in both,the officer must remainneutral and clearly try to present a picture of the facts,while the artist usually begins witha preconceived message or attitude which is then transmitted through the use of carefullyselected details of action described in words
36、intended to provoke associations andemotional reactions in the reader.53.Articles in the popular press even criticize the Gross National Production(GNP)becauseit is not such a complete index of welfare,ignoring,on the one hand,that it was neverintended to be,and suggesting,on the other,that with app
37、ropriate changes it could beconverted into one.54.Other experiments revealed slight variations in the size,number,arrangement,andinterconnection of the nerve cells,but as far as psychoneuaral correlations were concerned,the obvious similarities of these sensory fields to each other seemed much morer
38、emarkable than any of the minute differences.55.The Chinese have distributed publications to farmers and other rural residentsinstructing them in what to watch for their animals so that every household can join inhelping to predict earthquakes.56.Supporters of the Star Wars defense system hope that
39、this would not only protect anation against an actual nuclear attack,but would be enough of a threat to keep a nuclearwar from ever happening.57.Neither would it prevent cruise missiles or bombers,whose flights are within the Earth*satmosphere,from hitting their targets.58.Qvil rights activists have
40、 long argued that one of the principal reasons why Blacks,Hispanics,and other minority groups have difficulty establishing themselves in business isthat they lack access to the sizable orders and subcontracts that are generated by largecompanies.59.During the nineteenth century,she argues,the concep
41、t of the“useful”child whocontributed to the family economy gave way gradually to the present day notion of theuseless child who,though producing no income for,and indeed extremely costly to itsparents,is yet considered emotionally priceless.60.Well established among segments of the middle and upper
42、classes by the mid-1800s,this new view of childhood spread throughout society in the late nineteenth and earlytwentieth centuries as reformers introduced child labor regulations and compulsoryeducation laws predicted in part on the assumption that a child*s emotional value madechild labor taboo.61.O
43、f course,it would be as dangerous to overreact to history by concluding that themajority must now be wrong about expansion as it would be to re-enact the response thatgreeted the suggestion that the continents had drifted.62.While the fact of this consumer revolution is hardly in doubt,three key que
44、stionsremain:who were the consumers?What were their motives?And what were the effect ofthe new demand for luxuries?63.Although it has been possible to infer from the goods and services actually producedwhat manufacturers and servicing trades thought their customers wanted,only a studyof relevant per
45、sonal documents written by actual consumers w川 provide a precise pictureof who wanted what.64.With respect to their reasons for immigrating,Grassy does not deny their frequentlynoted fact that some of the immigrants of the 16301s,most notably the organizers andclergy,advanced religious explanations
46、for departure,but he finds that such explanationsusually assumed primacy only in retrospect.65.If we take the age-and sex-specific unemployment rates that existed in 1956(whenthe overall unemployment rate was 4.1 percent)and weight them by the age-andsex-specific shares of the labor force that preva
47、il currently,the overall unemployment ratebecomes 5 percent.66.He was puzzled that I did not want what was obviously a step up toward what allAmericans are taught to want when they grow up:money and power.67.Unless productivity growth is unexpectedly large,however,the expansion of real outputmust ev
48、entually begin to slow down to the economys larger run growth potential ifgeneralized demand pressures on prices are to be avoided.68.However,when investment flows primarily in one direction,as it generally does fromindustrial to developing countries,the seemingly reciprocal source-based restriction
49、sproduce revenue sacrifices primarily by the state receiving most of the foreign investmentand producing most of the income-namely,the developing country partner.69.The pursuit of private interests with as little interference as possible from governmentwas seen as the road to human happiness and pro
50、gress rather than the public obligationand involvement in the collective community that emphasized by the Greeks.70.The defense lawyer relied on long-standing principles governing the conduct ofprosecuting attorneys:as quasi-judicial officers of the court they are under a duty not toprejudice a part