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1、1.W e a r i n g a s e a t b e l t s a v e s l i v e s;i t r e d u c e s y o u r c h a n c e o f d e a t h o r s e r i o u s i n j u r yb y m o r e t h a n h a l f.2.B u t i t w i l l b e t h e d r i v e r,s r e s p o n s i b i l i t y t o m a k e s u r e t h a t c h i l d r e n u n d e r 1 4d o n o
2、t r i d e i n t h e f r o n t u n l e s s t h e y a r e w e a r i n g a s e a t b e l t o f s o m e k i n d.3.H o w e v e r,y o u d o n o t h a v e t o w e a r a s e a t b e l t i f y o u a r e r e v e r s i n g y o u r v e h i c l e;o r y o u a r e m a k i n g a l o c a l d e l i v e r y o r c o l
3、l e c t i o n u s i n g a s p e c i a l v e h i c l e;o r i f y o uh a v e a v a l i d m e d i c a l c e r t i f i c a t e w h i c h e x c u s e s y o u f r o m w e a r i n g i t.4.R e m e m b e r y o u m a y b e t a k e n t o c o u r t f o r n o t d o i n g s o,a n d y o u m a y b e f i n e d i f y
4、 o uc a n n o t p r o v e t o t h e c o u r t t h a t y o u h a v e b e e n e x c u s e d f r o m w e a r i n g i t.5.P r o f e s s o r T a i j u M a t s u z a w a w a n t e d t o f i n d o u t w h y o t h e r w i s e h e a l t h y f a r m e r s i nn o r t h e r n J a p a n a p p e a r e d t o b e l
5、 o s i n g t h e i r a b i l i t y t o t h i n k a n d r e a s o n a t a r e l a t i v e l ye a r l y a g e,a n d h o w t h e p r o c e s s o f a g e i n g c o u l d h e s l o w e d d o w n.6.W i t h a t e a m o f c o l l e a g u e s a t T o k y o N a t i o n a l U n i v e r s i t y,h e s e t a b o
6、u t m e a s u r i n gb r a i n v o l u m e s o f a t h o u s a n d p e o p l e o f d i f f e r e n t a g e s a n d v a r y i n g o c c u p a t i o n s.7.C o m p u t e r t e c h n o l o g y e n a b l e d t h e r e s e a r c h e r s t o o b t a i n p r e c i s e m e a s u r e m e n t s o ft h e v o l
7、u m e o f t h e f r o n t a n d s i d e s e c t i o n s o f t h e b r a i n,w h i c h r e l a t e t o i n t e l l e c t(智能)a n d e m o t i o n,a n d d e t e r m i n e t h e h u m a n c h a r a c t e r.8.C o n t r a c t i o n o f f r o n t a n d s i d e p a r t s a s c e l l s d i e o f f w a s o b s
8、 e r v e d i n s o m e s u b j e c t si n t h e i r t h i r t i e s,b u t i t w a s s t i l l n o t e v i d e n t i n s o m e s i x t y a n d s e v e n t y-y e a r-o l d s.9.T h e f i n d i n g s s h o w i n g e n e r a l t e r m s t h a t c o n t r a c t i o n o f t h e b r a i n b e g i n s s o o
9、n e ri n p e o p l e i n t h e c o u n t r y t h a n i n t h e t o w n s.1 0.W h i t e c o l l a r w o r k e r s d o i n g r o u t i n e w o r k i n g o v e r n m e n t o f f i c e s a r e,h o w e v e r,a sl i k e l y t o h a v e s h r i n k i n g b r a i n s a s t h e f a r m w o r k e r,b u s d r
10、i v e r a n d s h o p a s s i s t a n t.11.W e know that you have a high opinion of the kind of learning taught in yourcolleges,and that the costs of living of our young men,while with you,would bevery expensive to you.12.But you must know that different nations have different ways of looking at thi
11、ngs,and you will therefore not be offended if our ideas of this kind of education happennot to be the same as yours.13.W e are,however,not the less obliged by your kind offer,though we refuse toaccept it;and,to show our grateful sense of it,if the gentlemen of Virginia willsend us a dozen of their s
12、ons,we will take care of their education,teach them inall we know,and make men of them.14.In what now seems like the prehistoric times of computer history,the earth spostwar era,there was quite a wide-spread concern that computers would take overthe world from man one day.15.Already today,less than
13、forty years later,as computers are relieving us ofmore and more of the routine tasks in business and in our personal lives.W e arefaced with a less dramatic but also less foreseen problem.16.Obviously,there would be no point in investing in a computer if you had to checkall its answers,but people sh
14、ould also rely on their own internal computers andcheck the machine when they have the feeling that something has gone wrong.17.Certainly Newton considered some theoretical aspects of it in his writings,buthe was reluctant to go to sea to further his work.18.For most people the sea was remote,and wi
15、th the exception of earlyintercontinental travellers or others who earned a living from the sea,there waslittle reason to ask many questions about it,let alone to ask what lay beneaththe surface.19.The first time that the question“What is at the bottom of the oceans?”hadto be answered with any comme
16、rcial consequence was when the laying of a telegraphcable from Europe to America was proposed.20.At the early attempts,the cable failed and when it was taken out for repairsit was found to be covered in living growths,a fact which defied contemporaryscientific opinion that there was no life in the d
17、eeper parts of the sea.第一部分(1-20句译文)1、系好安全带能够挽救性命,它能将丧生和重伤的概率减少一半以ho2、但是司机有责任确保14岁以下的孩子不要坐在前排,除非他们系好了安全带。3、当然,如果有以下情况你可以不系安全带:你在倒车时,或 者 你 用,种特殊交通工具进行当地的货物运送、收集时,或者你有合法的医学证明你不能系安全带时。4、注意你如果不这么做(系安全带)的话,你有可能被告上法庭,而且你有可能被处以罚款除非你能证明你有不带安全带的理由。5、Taiju Matsuzawa教授想找出为什么日本北部的健康农民在相对年轻的年龄就显得开始失去思考与推理的能力的原因以
18、及怎样才能延缓老化过程。6、在东京国立大学的同事们的帮助下,他开始对一千来自不同职业的人群进行了大脑体积的测量。7、计算机技术帮助研究人员获得人脑前部和侧部的准确体积,这是与人的智能和情绪有关的部分,而且也决定人的性格特点。8、有的人(大脑)前部和侧部的收缩随着细胞的死亡在三十多岁时就能被观察到了,但是也有些人直到六七岁依然不明显。9、研究结果表明在农村的人大脑收缩基本上比城市里的人要早。10、在政府部门从事简单重复工作的白领也像农场工人、公共汽车司机和商店职员一样大脑细胞容易收缩。11、我们知道你们很看重你们在大学里面教育的学习方法,而且我们的年轻人与你们生活的花费即使对于你们来说也不便宜。
19、12、但是你们也要明白不同的民族看待事物有不同的方法,所以如果刚好我们的看法与你们的不一样的话,你们也不应觉的被冒犯了。13、当然,对于你们的盛情我们没有被逼迫的感觉,尽管我们拒绝接受。而且,为了表示我们的感谢,如果维吉利亚洲的绅士们愿意派来些他们的子弟的话,我们会尽全力教育他们,并把他们培养成为真正的男人。14、在这个像是计算机史前时代的时代,地球的战后时代,人们普遍担忧有一天计算机会取代人类控制世界。15、今天或者不到五十年后,计算机将越来越多的减轻人们的工作事务和日常琐事。我们也将面对一个没有什么戏剧性和更不可预测的问题。16、显然,如果你不得不检查计算机提供的所有答案的话,对它投资就没
20、有任何意义了。但是当人们觉的计算机确实出了 一些问题的时候,应该靠自己内部的“计算机”来检查机器。17、当然牛顿在他的作品中写到了 些理论方面的东西,但他不愿进行更加深刻的研究。18、除了一些洲际旅行者和以大海为生的人,对于大多数人来说,大海是遥远的,没有什么必要提出太多问题,更别说思考大海海底的东西了。19、当铺设一条从欧洲到美洲的海底电报光缆的时候,出于商业动机,人们第一次不得不回答这个问题“海底是什么东西”。20、在早期的尝试中,光缆铺设失败,不得不取出来维修。这时人们发现上面覆盖有生物,这推翻了当时科学界认为深海没有生命的理论。21.For every course that he f
21、ollows a student is given a grade,which is recorded,and the record is available for the student to show to prospective employers.22.All this imposes a constant pressure and strain of work,but in spite of thissome students still find time for great activity in student affairs.23.The effective work of
22、 maintaining discipline is usually performed by studentswho advise the academic authorities.24.Much family quarrelling ends when husbands and wives realize what these energycycles mean,and which cycle each member of the family has.25.Whenever possible,do routine work in the afternoon and save tasks
23、requiringmore energy or concentration for your sharper hours.26.W e also value personal qualities and social skills,and we find thatmixed-ability teaching contributes to all these aspects of learning.27.They also learn how to cope with personal problems as well as learning how tothink,to make decisi
24、ons,to analyse and evaluate,and to communicate effectively.28.The problem is,how to encourage a child to express himself freely and confidentlyin writing without holding him back with the complexities of spelling?29.It may have been a sharp criticism of the pupil,s technical abilities in writing,but
25、 it was also a sad reflection on the teacher who had omitted to read the essay,which contained some beautiful expressions of the child,s deep feelings.30.The teacher was not wrong to draw attention to the errors,but if his prioritieshad centred on the child,s ideas,an expression of his disappointmen
26、t with thepresentation would have given the pupil more motivation to seek improvement.31.Given the nature of government and private employers,it seems most likely thatdiscrimination by private employers would be greater.32.The release of the carbon in these compounds for recycling depends almostenti
27、rely on the action of both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria and certain types offungi.33.A spirited discussion springs up between a young girl who says that women haveoutgrown the jumping-on-a-chair-at-the-sight-of-a mouse era and a major who saysthat they haven t.34.They are trying to find out whethe
28、r there is something about the way we teachlanguage to children which in fact prevents children from learning sooner.35.Mathematicians who have tried to use the computers to copy the way the brainworks have found that even using the latest electronic equipment they would haveto build a computer whic
29、h weighed over 10,000 kilos.36.Since different people like to do so many different things in their spare time,we could make a long list of hobbies,taking in everything from collecting matchboxesand raising rare fish,to learning about the stars and making model ships.37.They know that a seal swimming
30、 under the ice will keep a breathing hole openby its warm breath,so they will wait beside the hole and kill it.38.W e may be able to decide whether someone is white only by seeing if they havenone of the features that would mark them clearly as a member of another race.39.Although signs of dishonest
31、y in school,business and government seem much morenumerous in years than in the past,could i t be that we are getting better at revealingsuch dishonesty?40.It is not quite a matter of disagreeing with the theory of independence,butof rejecting its implications:that the romances may be taken in any o
32、r no particularorder,that they have no cumulative effect,and that they are as separate as theworks of a modern novelist.第二部分(2 1-4 0 句译文)2 1、学生们所学的每一门课程都有分数,而且要被记录存档,这可以用来提供给将来学生的雇主们。2 2、所有这些给学生们施加了很大的压力,尽管如此,学生们还是积极参加学生活动。2 3、而有效遵守纪律的学生们往往是那些经常给校方提建议的学生。2 4、当丈夫们和妻子们认识到这种能量圈的意思以及各个家庭成员所处的圈之后,许多家庭争吵就
33、结束了。2 5、只要可能,在下午做那些程序化的工作,把需要更多能量的工作留到你效率最好的时候去做。2 6、我们也很看重个人品德和社交技能,我们发现混合能力的教育对学习的各个方面都有帮助。2 7、他们也要学习如何处理个人问题和怎样思考,怎样决策、分析和评估以及有效沟通。2 8、问题是,怎样鼓励一个孩子在写作时自由自信的表达自己,而不被拼写的复杂所捆绕。2 9、这可能是对学生在写作中的技术能力的尖锐批评,但也是老师的失败的悲哀反映忽略了朗读文章,这其中优美的表达可以激发孩子们的深刻感受。3 0、老师注重错误没错,但是如果他更注重孩子的思想的话,他失望的表现会使孩子有提高的动力。3 1、根据政府和私
34、人雇主的性质来看,私人雇主更有可能采取歧视。3 2、这种化合物通过碳的释放来实现循环,主要依靠喜氧和厌氧细菌以及一些菌类的活动。3 3、一场激烈的争论在一个女孩和一位少校中展开了,前者说女人们已经不再“看到老鼠就从椅子上跳起来”了,而后者说她们依然那样。3 4、他们在尝试寻找是否我们教授孩子们语言的方法中有阻碍孩子们迅速学习语言的东西。3 5、使用计算机来拷贝大脑工作方式的数学家们发现即使使用最先进的电子设备,他们也要建造一台超过1 0,0 0 0 公斤的计算机。3 6、既然不同的人们在他们的业余时间做不同的事情,我们可以列出长串爱好列表,包括从收集火柴盒到养珍稀鱼类以及学习星学和制造航模等各
35、种消遣。3 7、他们知道在冰面下面游泳的海豹呼吸的热气会使冰面上出现洞口,于是他们就在洞旁守侯并捕杀海豹。3 8、只要一个人没有属于其他人种的明显的特征,我们就可以判断他是否属于白色人种。3 9、尽管在学校,企业和政府中不诚实的欺诈行为近年来比以往都要多,大那也许是因为我们在这些方面加大了揭露的力度。4 0、并不是与独立理论不-致,而是与其应用不相符合:爱情小说可以以任何种形式展现或者根本没有特殊的规律,他们没有累积效果,就象现代小说家的作品一样独立。4 1.H is t h e s is w o r k s r e l a t iv e l y w e l l w h e n a p p l
36、 ie d t o d is c r im in a t io n a g a in s t B l a c k sin t h e U n it e d St a t e s,b u t h is d e f in it io n o f r a c ia l p r e j u d ic e a s “r a c ia l l y-b a s e dn e g a t iv e p r e j u d g m e n t s a g a in s t a g r o u p g e n e r a l l y a c c e p t e d a s a r a c e in a n y g
37、 iv e nr e g io n o f e t h n ic c o m p e t it io n,c a n b e in t e r p r e t e d a s a l s o in c l u d in g h o s t il it yt o w a r d s u c h e t h n ic g r o u p s a s t h e C h in e s e in C a l if o r n ia a n d t h e J e w s in m e d ie v a lE u r o p e.4 2.G u t m a n a r g u e s c o n v i
38、n c in g l y t h a t t h e s t a b il it y o f t h e B l a c k f a m il y e n c o u r a g e dt h e t r a n s m is s io n o f a n d s o w a s c r u c ia l in s u s t a in in g 一 t h e B l a c k h e r it a g e o f f o l k l o r e,m u s ic,a n d r e l ig io u s e x p r e s s io n f r o m o n e g e n e
39、r a t io n t o a n o t h e r,a h e r it a g e t h a ts l a v e s w e r e c o n t in u a l l y f a s h io n in g o u t o f t h e ir A f r ic a n a n d A m e r ic a n e x p e r ie n c e s.4 3.E v e n t h e f o l k k n o w l e d g e in s o c ia l s y s t e m s o n w h ic h o r d in a r y l if e is b a
40、s e d ine a r n in g,s p e n d in g,o r g a n iz in g,m a r r y in g,t a k in g p a r t in p o l it ic a l a c t iv it ie s,fighting and so on,is not very dissimilar from the more sophisticated images ofthe social system derived from the social sciences,even though it is built uponthe very imperfect
41、 samples of personal experience.44.There are several steps that can be taken,of which the chief one is to demandof all the organizations that exist with the declared objectives of safeguardingthe interests of animals that they should declare clearly where they stand onviolence towards people.45.It w
42、as possible to demonstrate by other methods refined structural differencesamong neuron types,however,proof was lacking that the quality of the impulse orits conduction was influenced by these differences,which seemed instead toinfluence the developmental patterning of the neural circuits.46.Accordin
43、g to this theory,it is not the quality of the sensory nerve impulsesthat determines the diverse conscious sensations they produce,but rather thedifferent areas of the brain into which they discharge,and there is some evidencefor this view.47.The result of attrition is that,where the areas of the who
44、le leaves follow anormal distribution,a bimodal distribution is produced,one peak composed mainlyof fragmented pieces,the other of the larger remains.48.The Bible does not tell us how the Roman census takers made out,and as regardsour more immediate concern,the reliability of present day economic fo
45、recasting,there are considerable difference of opinion.49.A survey conducted in Britain confirmed that an abnormally high percentage ofpatients suffering from arthritis of the spine who had been treated with X rayscontracted cancer.50.Yet across the gulf of space,minds that are to our minds as ours
46、are to thoseof the beasts that perish,intellects vast and cool and unsympathetic,regarded thisearth with envious eyes,and slowly and surely drew their plans against us.51.Even the doctoral degree,long recognized as a required“union card”in theacademic world,has come under severe criticism as the pur
47、suit of learning for itsown sake and the accumulation of knowledge without immediate application to aprofessor s classroom duties.52.While a selection of necessary details is involved in both,the officer mustremain neutral and clearly try to present a picture of the facts,while the artistusually beg
48、ins with a preconceived message or attitude which is then transmittedthrough the use of carefully selected details of action described in words intendedto provoke associations and emotional reactions in the reader.53.Articles in the popular press even criticize the Gross National Production(GNP)beca
49、use it is not such a complete index of welfare,ignoring,on the one hand,thatit was never intended to be,and suggesting,on the other,that with appropriatechanges it could be converted into one.54.Other experiments revealed slight variations in the size,number,arrangement,and interconnection of the ne
50、rve cells,but as far as psychoneuaral correlationswere concerned,the obvious sim ilarities of these sensory fields to each other seemedmuch more remarkable than any of the minute differences.55.The Chinese have distributed publications to farmers and other rural residentsinstructing them in what to