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1、1.Wearing a seat belt saves lives;it reduces your chance of death or serious injury by more than half.2.But it will be the drivers responsibility to make sure that children under 14 do not ride in the front unlessthey are wearing a seat belt of some kind.3.However,you do not have to wear a seat belt
2、 if you are reversing your vehicle;or you are making a localdelivery or collection using a special vehicle;or if you have a valid medical certificate which excuses you fromwearing it.4.Remember you may be taken to court fbr not doing so,and you may be fined if you cannot prove to thecourt that you h
3、ave been excused from wearing it.5.Professor Taiju Matsuzawa wanted to find out why otherwise healthy farmers in northern Japan appeared tobe losing their ability to think and reason at a relatively early age,and how the process of ageing could he sloweddown.6.With a team of colleagues at Tokyo Nati
4、onal University,he set about measuring brain volumes of athousand people of different ages and varying occupations.7.Computer technology enabled the researchers to obtain precise measurements of the volume of the frontand side sections of the brain,which relate to intellect（智能）and emotion,and determ
5、ine the human character.8.Contraction of front and side parts as cells die off was observed in some subjects in their thirties,but it wasstill not evident in some sixty and seventy-year-olds.9.The findings show in general terms that contraction of the brain begins sooner in people in the country tha
6、nin the towns.10.White collar workers doing routine work in government offices are,however,as likely to have shrinkingbrains as the farm worker,bus driver and shop assistant.11.We know that you have a high opinion of the kind of learning taught in your colleges,and that the costs ofliving of our you
7、ng men,while with you,would be very expensive to you.12.But you must know that different nations have different ways of looking at things,and you will thereforenot be offended if our ideas of this kind of education happen not to be the same as yours.13.We are,however,not the less obliged by your kin
8、d offer,though we refuse to accept it;and,to show ourgrateful sense of it,if the gentlemen of Virginia will send us a dozen of their sons,we will take care of theireducation,teach them in all we know,and make men of them.14.In what now seems like the prehistoric times of computer history,the earths
9、postwar era,there was quitea wide-spread concern that computers would take over the world from man one day.15.Already today,less than forty years later,as computers are relieving us of more and more of the routinetasks in business and in our personal lives.We are faced with a less dramatic but also
10、less foreseen problem.16.Obviously,there would be no point in investing in a computer if you had to check all its answers,butpeople should also rely on their own internal computers and check the machine when they have the feeling thatsomething has gone wrong.17.Certainly Newton considered some theor
11、etical aspects of it in his writings,but he was reluctant to go tosea to further his work.18.For most people the sea was remote,and with the exception of early intercontinental travellers or otherswho earned a living from the sea,there was little reason to ask many questions about it.let alone to as
12、k what laybeneath the surface.19.The first time that the question“What is at the bottom of the oceans?had to be answered with anycommercial consequence was when the laying of a telegraph cable from Europe to America was proposed.20.At the early attempts,the cable failed and when it was taken out for
13、 repairs it was found to be covered inliving growths,a fact which defied contemporary scientific opinion that there was no life in the deeper parts of thesea.第一部分（1-20句译文）1、系好安全带能够挽救性命，它能将丧生和重伤的概率减少一半以上。2、但是司机有责任确保14岁以下的孩子不要坐在前排，除非他们系好了安全带。3、当然，如果有以卜情况你可以不系安全带：你在倒车时，或者你用 种特殊交通工具进行当地的货物运送、收集时，或者你有合法的
14、医学证明你不能系安全带时。4、注意你如果不这么做（系安全带）的话，你有可能被告上法庭，而且你有可能被处以罚款除非你能证明你有不带安全带的理由。5、Taiju Matsuzawa教授想找出为什么日本北部的健康农民在相对年轻的年龄就显得开始失去思考与推理的能力的原因以及怎样才能延缓老化过程。6、在东京国立大学的同事们的帮助下，他开始对一千来自不同职业的人群进行了大脑体积的测量。7、计算机技术帮助研究人员获得人脑前部和侧部的准确体积，这是与人的智能和情绪有关的部分，而且也决定人的性格特点。8、有的人（大脑）前部和侧部的收缩随着细胞的死亡在三十多岁时就能被观察到了，但是也有些人直到六七岁依然不明显。9
15、、研究结果表明在农村的人大脑收缩基本上比城市里的人要早。10、在政府部门从事简单重复工作的白领也像农场工人、公共汽车司机和商店职员样大脑细胞容易收缩。11、我们知道你们很看重你们在大学里面教育的学习方法，而且我们的年轻人与你们生活的花费即使对于你们来说也不便宜。12、但是你们也要明白不同的民族看待事物有不同的方法，所以如果刚好我们的看法与你们的不一样的话，你们也不应觉的被冒犯了。13、当然，对于你们的盛情我们没有被逼迫的感觉，尽管我们拒绝接受。而且，为了表示我们的感谢，如果维吉利亚洲的绅士们愿意派来些他们的子弟的话，我们会尽全力教育他们，并把他们培养成为真正的男人。14、在这个像是计算机史前时
16、代的时代，地球的战后时代，人们普遍担忧有天计算机会取代人类控制世界。15、今天或者不到五十年后，计算机将越来越多的减轻人们的工作事务和日常琐事。我们也将面对个没有什么戏剧性和更不可预测的问题o16、显然，如果你不得不检查计算机提供的所有答案的话，对它投资就没有任何意义了。但是当人们觉的计算机确实出了一些问题的时候，应该靠自己内部的“计算机”来检查机器。17、当然牛顿在他的作品中写到了 一 些 理论方面的东西，但他不愿进行更加深刻的研究。18、除了一些洲际旅行者和以大海为生的人，对于大多数人来说，大海是遥远的，没有什么必要提出太多问题，更别说思考大海海底的东西了。19、当铺设一条从欧洲到美洲的海
17、底电报光缆的时候，出于商业动机，人们第一次不得不回答这个问题“海底是什么东西20、在早期的尝试中，光缆铺设失败，不得不取出来维修。这时人们发现上面覆盖有生物，这推翻了当时科学界认为深海没有生命的理论。21.For every course that he follows a student is given a grade,which is recorded,and the record is available forthe student to show to prospective employers.22.All this imposes a constant pressure and
18、 strain of work,but in spite of this some students still find time forgreat activity in student affairs.23.The effective work of maintaining discipline is usually performed by students who advise the academicauthorities.24.Much family quarrelling ends when husbands and wives realize what these energ
19、y cycles mean,andwhich cycle each member of the family has.25.Whenever possible,do routine work in the afternoon and save tasks requiring more energy orconcentration for your sharper hours.26.We also value personal qualities and social skills,and we find that mixed-ability teaching contributes toall
20、 these aspects of learning.27.They also learn how to cope with personal problems as well as learning how to think,to make decisions,to analyse and evaluate,and to communicate effectively.28.The problem is,how to encourage a child to express himself freely and confidently in writing withoutholding hi
21、m back with the complexities of spelling?29.It may have been a sharp criticism of the pupiFs technical abilities in writing,but it was also a sadreflection on the teacher who had omitted to read the essay,which contained some beautiful expressions of thechilds deep feelings.30.The teacher was not wr
22、ong to draw attention to the errors,but if his priorities had centred on the childsideas,an expression of his disappointment with the presentation would have given the pupil more motivation toseek improvement.31.Given the nature of government and private employers,it seems most likely that discrimin
23、ation by privateemployers would be greater.32.The release of the carbon in these compounds for recycling depends almost entirely on the action of bothaerobic and anaerobic bacteria and certain types of fungi.33.A spirited discussion springs up between a young girl who says that women have outgrown t
24、hejumping-on-a-chair-at-the-sight-of-a mouse era and a major who says that they havent.34.They are trying to find out whether there is something about the way we teach language to children whichin fact prevents children from learning sooner.35.Mathematicians who have tried to use the computers to co
25、py the way the brain works have found thateven using the latest electronic equipment they would have to build a computer which weighed over 10,000 kilos.36.Since different people like to do so many different things in their spare time,we could make a long list ofhobbies,taking in everything from col
26、lecting matchboxes and raising rare fish,to learning about the stars andmaking model ships.37.They know that a seal swimming under the ice will keep a breathing hole open by its warm breath,so theywill wait beside the hole and kill it.38.We may be able to decide whether someone is white only by seei
27、ng if they have none of the features thatwould mark them clearly as a member of another race.39.Although signs of dishonesty in school,business and government seem much more numerous in yearsthan in the past,could it be that we are getting better at revealing such dishonesty?40.It is not quite a mat
28、ter of disagreeing with the theory of independence,but of rejecting its implications:that the romances may be taken in any or no particular order,ihat they have no cumulative effect,and that they areas separate as the works of a modern novelist.第二部分（21-40句译文）21、学生们所学的每 门课程都有分数，而且要被记录存档，这可以用来提供给将来学生的
29、雇主们。22、所有这些给学生们施加了很大的压力，尽管如此，学生们还是积极参加学生活动。23、而有效遵守纪律的学生们往往是那些经常给校方提建议的学生。24、当丈夫们和妻子们认识到这种能量圈的意思以及各个家庭成员所处的圈之后，许多家庭争吵就结束了。25、只要可能，在下午做那些程序化的工作，把需要更多能量的工作留到你效率最好的时候去做。26、我们也很看重个人品德和社交技能，我们发现混合能力的教育对学习的各个方面都有帮助。27、他们也要学习如何处理个人问题和怎样思考，怎样决策、分析和评估以及有效沟通。28、问题是，怎样鼓励一个孩子在写作时自由自信的表达自己，而不被拼写的复杂所捆绕。29、这可能是对学生
30、在写作中的技术能力的尖锐批评，但也是老师的失败的悲哀反映一忽略了朗读文章，这其中优美的表达可以激发孩子们的深刻感受。30、老师注重错误没错，但是如果他更注重孩子的思想的话，他失望的表现会使孩子有提高的动力。31、根据政府和私人雇主的性质来看，私人雇主更有可能采取歧视。32、这种化合物通过碳的释放来实现循环，主要依靠喜氧和厌氧细菌以及一些菌类的活动。33、一场激烈的争论在一个女孩和一位少校中展开了，前者说女人们已经不再“看到老鼠就从椅子上跳起来”了，而后者说她们依然那样。34、他们在尝试寻找是否我们教授孩子们语言的方法中有阻碍孩子们迅速学习语言的东西。35、使用计算机来拷贝大脑工作方式的数学家们
31、发现即使使用最先进的电子设备，他们也要建造一台超过10,000公斤的计算机。36、既然不同的人们在他们的业余时间做不同的事情，我们可以列出一长串爱好列表，包括从收集火柴盒到养珍稀鱼类以及学习星学和制造航模等各种消遣。37、他们知道在冰面下面游泳的海豹呼吸的热气会使冰面上出现洞口，于是他们就在洞旁守侯并捕杀海豹。38、只要一个人没有属于其他人种的明显的特征，我们就可以判断他是否属于白色人种。39、尽管在学校，企业和政府中不诚实的欺诈行为近年来比以往都耍多，大那也许是因为我们在这些方面加大了揭露的力度。40、并不是与独立理论不一致，而是与其应用不相符合：爱情小说可以以任何一种形式展现或者根本没有特
32、殊的规律，他们没有累积效果，就象现代小说家的作品一样独立。41.His thesis works relatively well when applied to discrimination against Blacks in the United States,but hisdefinition of racial prejudice as“racially-based negative prejudgments against a group generally accepted as arace in any given region of ethnic competition,can
33、be interpreted as also including hostility toward such ethnicgroups as the Chinese in California and the Jews in medieval Europe.42.Gutman argues convincingly that the stability of the Black family encouraged the transmission of and sowas crucial in sustaining the Black heritage of folklore,music,an
34、d religious expression from one generation toanother,a heritage that slaves were continually fashioning out of their African and American experiences.43.Even the folk knowledge in social systems on which ordinary life is based in earning,spending,organizing,marrying,taking part in political activiti
35、es,fighting and so on,is not very dissimilar from the moresophisticated images of the social system derived from the social sciences,even though it is built upon the veryimperfect samples of personal experience.44.There are several steps that can be taken,of which the chief one is to demand of all t
36、he organizations thatexist with the declared objectives of safeguarding the interests of animals that they should declare clearly wherethey stand on violence towards people.45.It was possible to demonstrate by other methods refined structural differences among neuron types,however,proof was lacking
37、that the quality of the impulse or its conduction was influenced by these differences,which seemed instead to influence the developmental patterning of the neural circuits.46.According to this theory,it is not the quality of the sensory nerve impulses that determines the diverseconscious sensations
38、they produce,but rather the different areas of the brain into which they discharge,and thereis some evidence for this view.47.The result of attrition is that,where the areas of the whole leaves follow a normal distribution,a bi modaldistribution is produced,one peak composed mainly of fragmented pie
39、ces,the other of the larger remains.48.The Bible does not tell us how the Roman census takers made out,and as regards our more immediateconcern,the reliability of present day economic forecasting,there are considerable difference of opinion.49.A survey conducted in Britain confirmed that an abnormal
40、ly high percentage of patients suffering fromarthritis of the spine who had been treated with X rays contracted cancer.50.Yet across the gulf of space,minds that are to our minds as ours are to those of the beasts that perish,intellects vast and cool and unsympathetic,regarded this earth with enviou
41、s eyes,and slowly and surely drew theirplans against us.51.Even the doctoral degree,long recognized as a required“union card“in the academic world,has comeunder severe criticism as the pursuit of learning fbr its own sake and the accumulation of knowledge withoutimmediate application to a professors
42、 classroom duties.52.While a selection of necessary details is involved in both,the officer must remain neutral and clearly try topresent a picture of the facts,while the artist usually begins with a preconceived message or attitude which is thentransmitted through the use of carefully selected deta
43、ils of action described in words intended to provokeassociations and emotional reactions in the reader.53.Articles in the popular press even criticize the Gross National Production(GNP)because it is not such acomplete index of wel fare,ignoring,on the one hand,that it was never intended to be,and su
44、ggesting,on the other,that with appropriate changes it could be converted into one.54.Other experiments revealed slight variations in the size,number,arrangement,and interconnection of thenerve cells,but as far as psychoneuaral correlations were concerned,the obvious similarities of these sensoryfie
45、lds to each other seemed much more remarkable than any of the minute differences.55.The Chinese have distributed publications to farmers and other rural residents instructing them in what towatch for their animals so that every household can join in helping to predict earthquakes.56.Supporters of th
46、e Star Wars defense system hope that this would not only protect a nation against anactual nuclear attack,but would be enough of a threat to keep a nuclear war from ever happening.57.Neither would it prevent cruise missiles or bombers,whose flights are within the Earths atmosphere,from hitting their
47、 targets.58.Civil rights activists have long argued that one of the principal reasons why Blacks,Hispanics,and otherminority groups have difficulty establishing themselves in business is that they lack access to the sizable ordersand subcontracts that are generated by large companies.59.During the n
48、ineteenth century,she argues,the concept of the“useful“child who contributed to the familyeconomy gave way gradually to the present day notion of the“useless“child who,though producing no income for,and indeed extremely costly to its parents,is yet considered emotionally“priceless”.60.Well establish
49、ed among segments of the middle and upper classes by the mid-1800?s,this new view ofchildhood spread throughout society in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries as reformers introducedchild labor regulations and compulsory education laws predicted in part on the assumption that a childs
50、emotionalvalue made child labor taboo.第三部分(41-60句译文)41、对于针对美国黑人的种族歧视，他的理论相对成立得较好，但是他将种族偏见如此定义：“在某一特定区域内的种族竞争中被普遍接受的个种族所受到的基于种族的负面偏见。”可以看作也包含有对象加州的中国人以及中世纪的犹太人等少数民族的敌视。42、加特曼确凿地说明黑人家庭的稳定鼓励了黑人文化遗产的传递和维护，这些遗产包括从代传到另一代的民间传说，音乐，和宗教表述，这些遗产使非洲和美洲的奴隶们特色显著。43、即使社会系统的民间知识中像挣钱，花费，组织，婚嫁，政治活动的参与，以及战斗等等，都与从社会科学中衍