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1、一、词汇1. cause /kz /导致，造成，引起【原文】More and more families own cars and this causes serious air pollution. (P107)cause sth.【含义】 v. _ lead to 【用法】 导致_【近义】_ 【例句】cause sb. sth.The project caused him a lot of trouble._给造成cause sb. /sth. to doThe bad weather caused the plants to die._导致做某事【拓展】Drinking and driv
2、ing is one of the most common causes of traffic accidents.the cause of sth. cause. n. C 理由，原因_某事的起因【练一练】The heavy rain _ so many traffic accidents on the highway last Monday.A. made B. allowed C. caused D. let2. allow /la /【原文】We are not allowed to cut down trees. (P108)【含义】 v. _【例句】His parents wont
3、 allow him to stay out late.allow sb. to do sth. Smoking is not allowed in the hall.be allowed to do sth._允许某人做某事被允许做某事_allow doing sth.We dont allow going out without masks._允许做某事【练一练】 Children_(不允许游泳) in the river. Its dangerous.3. separate /sepret /【原文】Things like glasses, plastic and paper are s
4、eparated into different groups and then recycled. (P108)【含义】 v. _【例句】Please separate the examination papers into passes and fails.separate sth. intoStudents are separated into 4 groups.be separated into_把分成_被分成 【拓展】separate sth. from sth.Its impossible to separate the Diaoyu Islands from China._把某物从
5、中分离 【练一练】Waste _ different groups in some countries.A. is separated into B. are separated into C. is separated from D. are separated to4. depend ondepend on/ upon sth.【原文】We depend on its rich resources to live. (P109)【用法】_依赖于某事【含义】依赖，指望； 【例句】depend on sb. to do sth.You cant depend on your enemy to
6、help you._指望某人做某事Does the quality of teaching depend on class size? depend on_ 【近义词组】rely on 【拓展】I may go there, but that depends.That depends/ It (all) depends. 口语 【练一练】The college students_. (依靠父母出国留学)5. difference /dfrns/【原文】Remember that everyone can do something to make a difference. (P109)【含义】
7、 n. C _ 【例句】tell the difference betweenI can never tell the difference between the twins.指出的差别_What you read can make a difference to the way you think.make a difference to The rain yesterday made no difference to our trip.make no difference to 对产生影响_对没有影响_【练一练】 Parents words and action will_(对孩子产生影
8、响) the children. 6. wise /waz /【原文】Its wise for people to choose public transport or ride bicycles. (P107)【含义】adj. _【派生】n._adv. _ 【例句】Its wise to give up smoking at once.with wisdomHe is a man with wisdom and he can always manage his time wisely.do sth. wisely_具有智慧的，常做后置定语_理智地做某事 【练一练】You are much _
9、(富有) now. Why not spend your pocket money more _ (明智)? 7. fine /fan/【原文】 If we drop litter in a public place, we will be fined by the police. (P109)【含义】v. 【拓展】He was fined by the policeman on that fine morning so he didnt feel fine. He still remembers he paid a heavy fine.adj. _ n. C _ 【练一练】You _ (f
10、ine) by the police if you break the rules in the street. 8. harm /hm /【原文】As well as people, animals are harmed by pollution. (P114)【含义】v._n. _ 【例句】Please trust me. I would never harm you. I promise._伤害某人/某事Smoking does harm to your health.= Smoking is harmful to your health.do harm to = be harmful
11、to = Smoking harms your health. _= harm (v.)【派生】_adj.有害的 _ adj.无害的【练一练】1.- Why did you stop smoking？- Because the doctor warned me that smoking was_to my health A. harmful B. hopeful C. careful D. useful2. Air pollution_(对我们的健康有害) our health.9. punish /pn /【原文】Otherwise, we will be punished. (P108)【
12、含义】v. 【派生】_n. U/C【例句】My parents used to punish me for my rudeness.punish sb. for (doing) sth.He was punished for refusing to answer their question.be punished for (doing) sth._因(做)惩罚某人_因(做)而被惩罚【练一练】According to Chinas national credit system, people who behave dishonestly _ (punish). 二、词组辨析第一组：cut xx
13、xMore laws need making to prevent people from cutting down trees.Its impolite to cut in on others when they are talking.The electricity (电) has been cut off.The part of the apple is bad. You can cut it out.cutdown砍倒cutoff中段供给(电力)cutin(on)插嘴cutout切(裁剪)掉，切除，删除【练一练】1.我们应该做点事情来阻止人们砍伐树木。We should do some
14、thing to prevent people from _ the trees. 2. - Im sorry to_on you, but there are some details I dont understand - It doesnt matterA. cut down B. cut out C. cut off D. cut in第二组：开/关It hasnt been dark. Theres no need to turn on the light.“Turn off the TV and do your homework at once.” said his mother.
15、The supermarket opens at 6 a.m. and closes at 10 p.m. everyday.Just close your eyes and try to relax your body.turnon/off开/关水，电，煤，收音机，电视等open/close开/关门窗，睁/闭眼睛等【练一练】It is a bad habit to leave the office without _the lights.A. putting out B. closing C. to turn off D. turning off第三组：耗尽The oil has run o
16、ut.We will run out of our fruit and vegetables in 3 days.=We will use up our fruit and vegetables in 3 days.runout不及物动词短语，主语为时间/食品/金钱等无生命的名词，主动形式表被动。runoutof及物动词短语，主语一般是人。有被动形式。useup=run out ofusesth.up=use up sth.当sth.为代词时只能放中间【练一练】1.A report says that the worlds natural gas deposits_ early in the
17、future.A. will be run out B. will be used up C. run out D. will be cleaned up2. 如果人们不节省能源，有一天丰富的资源也会用尽。If people dont save energy, rich resources _ one day. 第四组：活着I found a living fish among those dead ones.Cats like to play with live mice before eating them. / Joyce was a guest on a live radio show
18、.He is the only man alive in the car accident. / Dont be sad. The little dog is still alive.Tracy is bright and lively. / He told a lively story about his life in Africa.Living“活着的”，作前置定语，可用来指人或物live“有生命的，活生生的”现场直播的”，常作前置定语，通常指物不指人alive“活着的，在世的”，作表语和后置定语lively“活泼的，生动的”，可作表语和前置定语【练一练】1.All _ (live) t
19、hings need air and water to survive. 2.- Li Yong is one of the most famous and _ host of the CCTV show. He is still _ in our heart, though he died.- So he is. I cant nearly believe the news about his death these days.A. living; alive B. living; lively C. lively; alive D. alive; living三、句型解读1.Some of
20、 the clothes are sold in charity shops, some are given to the poor, and others are sent to factories for recycling.剩余全部【句型】somesomeand others【知识复习】the others 特指_；others 其余的 (泛指，不表剩下的全部)【练一练】When a disaster happens, there are always thousands of volunteers in the disaster area. Some are helping the v
21、ictims, some are cleaning up the places, and _ are heading out the relief materials (救济物品).A. other B. others C. the others D. another2.Treat something used so that it can be used again. (P110)【句型】 so that 【例句】My sister made a model plane so that she could help her friend understand the science bett
22、er.to/ in order to help her friend understand the science better.= My sister made a model plane _.【用法】引导目的状语从句，从句常和can, could, may, would等情态动词连用；从句主语和主句主语一致时可改写为to do或 in order to do结构【练一练】1.Millie keeps on exercising every morning _ she can keep healthy.in order to B. so that C. such that D. in ord
23、er not to2. 你应该早起以便于考试不迟到。_.Here are the results of the survey. (P116)【句型】 【解读】 here位于句首且主语为名词时，其后用完全倒装形式，即here+ 谓语+主语。这类倒装句的谓语通常是be动词和come，go等表示移动的不及物动词。【例句&用法】Here are tickets for your friends.动词的单复数取决于主语Here comes the bus.一般现在时表将来Here he comes.当主语是代词时，采用部分倒装，即here+主语+谓语【练一练】 Our headmaster comes
24、here. (改为倒装句)_ 四、语法讲解 被动语态被动语态与时态II一般将来时Thefilmwillbeshownnextweek.IshallbepunishedifIdontfollowtherule.Thisproblemisgoingtobediscussedbyusatthemeetingtomorrow.主语shall(第一人称)/will be donebe going to be doneby执行者其他被动语态与时态II现在进行时Treesarebeingplantedbystudentsnow.主语am/is/are being doneby执行者其他被动语态与时态II现在
25、完成时ThemeetinghasbeenputoffbyMrXu.主语have/has been doneby执行者其他【真题链接】1.If it doesnt rain tomorrow, the sports meet _ in the playground of our school.A. is holding B. will hold C. will be held D. is to be holding2. Hopefully, money _ for the nature project now.A. was collected B. have been collected C.
26、is being collected D. are being collected3. I shall give you the book tomorrow. (改成被动句)_4. Paper money _ for over one thousand years.A. used B. has been used C. is used D. has used被动语态用法说明:to do 不定式的被动形式He is still too young to be sent to school.The books are not allowed to be taken out of the libra
27、ry.The machine needs to be fixed at once. = The machine needs fixing at once.当不定式后的动词与主语之间存在动宾关系时，使用被动结构，即 “ to be done”need to be done= need doing (require 也有此用法)被动语态用法说明“据说，据报道”It is said that more than 6 people were found dead in the mountain.Its reported that President Biden will visit China nex
28、t month.it为形式主语，真正的主语为that引导的从句，以避免头重脚轻。同样用法的还有：Its well-knownthat(众所周知的是)；Its believed that.等【真题链接】1.As for me, _ (choose) as the new chairperson is the most important thing. 2.Its my pleasure _ to join the school basketball team.A. to recommend B. recommending C. to be recommended D. for recommend
29、ing3. _ that people can live on Mars in the future.A. It said B. Its said C. It says D. It has said【综合运用】1.These new clothes_ to the children in the village tomorrow.A. are sent B. were sent C. will sent D. will be sent2. A lot of new roads _ in order to develop the villages in the next five years.A
30、. are going to build B. is built C. will build D. are going to be built3. - Paul, do you know what will happen in Suzhou?- Underground Line Five_in a couple of months A. will be completed B. will complete C. was completed D. complete4. The computer requires _. I think I need _ to ask Mr. Zhang for help.A. fixing; to go B. to fix; to go C. fixing; going D. to fix; going5. Will more cars _ (produce) in their factory next year? 6. The lost boy _(not find) so far. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司