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1、过去分词的用法过去分词的用法非谓语动词的用法讲解:非谓语动词的用法讲解:1.及物动词的过去分词作表语,与句子主语是及物动词的过去分词作表语,与句子主语是被动关系,表示主语的状态,既表示被动,被动关系,表示主语的状态,既表示被动,又表示完成。又表示完成。(1)Thecupisbroken.茶杯破了。茶杯破了。2.不及物动词的过去分词作表语,与句子主语不及物动词的过去分词作表语,与句子主语是主动关系,表示主语的状态,只表示动作是主动关系,表示主语的状态,只表示动作的完成。的完成。(2)Heisretired.他已退休他已退休。3.有些过去分词作表语时,构成的谓语很接近有些过去分词作表语时,构成的谓
2、语很接近被动结构。被动结构。(3)Thecityissurroundedonthreesidesbymountains.这座城市三面环山。这座城市三面环山。q过去分词作表语过去分词作表语【注意】过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别:过去分【注意】过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别:过去分词作表语,主要是表示主语的状态,而被动语态则词作表语,主要是表示主语的状态,而被动语态则表示动作。表示动作。(1)Thecupwasbrokenbymylittlesisteryesterday.茶杯是昨天我小妹打碎的。(是被动语态,茶杯是昨天我小妹打碎的。(是被动语态,表示动作)表示动作)(2)Thelibraryis
3、nowclosed.图书馆关门了。(过去图书馆关门了。(过去分词作表语)分词作表语)【注意】过去分词表示被动或完成【注意】过去分词表示被动或完成,-ing形式表示主形式表示主动或进行。有些动词如动或进行。有些动词如interest,bore,worry,surprise,frighten等通常用其过去分词形式来修等通常用其过去分词形式来修饰人,用饰人,用-ing形式来修饰物。形式来修饰物。(3)ThebookisinterestingandIminterestedinit.这本书很有趣,我对它很感兴趣。这本书很有趣,我对它很感兴趣。q过去分词作定语过去分词作定语作作定定语语用用的的过过去去分分
4、词词相相当当于于形形容容词词,其其逻逻辑辑主主语语就就是是它它所所修修饰饰的的名名词词。及及物物动动词词的的过过去去分分词词作作定定语语,既既表表被被动动又又表表完完成成;不不及及物物动动词词的的过过去分词作定语,只表完成。去分词作定语,只表完成。1.过过去去分分词词用用作作定定语语,如如果果是是单单个个的的,常常置置于于其其所修饰的名词之前。所修饰的名词之前。Wemustadaptourthinkingtothechangedconditions.我们必须使我们的思想适应改变了的情况。我们必须使我们的思想适应改变了的情况。2.过过去去分分词词短短语语用用作作定定语语时时,一一般般置置于于其其
5、所所修修饰饰的的名名词词之之后后,其其意意义义相相当当于于一一个个定定语语从从句句,但但较从句简洁,多用于书面语中。较从句简洁,多用于书面语中。Theconcertgivenbytheirfriendswasasuccess.他们朋友举行的音乐会大为成功。他们朋友举行的音乐会大为成功。3.过过去去分分词词短短语语有有时时也也可可用用作作非非限限制制性性定定语语,前前后常有逗号。后常有逗号。(1)The meeting,attended by over fivethousand people,welcomed the greathero.他他们们举举行行了了欢欢迎迎英英雄雄的的大大会会,到到会会
6、的的有有五千多人。五千多人。4.用用来来修修饰饰人人的的过过去去分分词词有有时时可可以以转转移移到到修修饰饰非非人人的的事事物物,这这种种过过去去分分词词在在形形式式上上虽虽不不直直接接修修饰人,但它所修饰的事物仍与人直接有关。饰人,但它所修饰的事物仍与人直接有关。(2)Theboylookedupwithapleasedexpression.男孩带着满意的表情举目而视。男孩带着满意的表情举目而视。q 过去分词作状语过去分词作状语1.过过去去分分词词作作状状语语过过去去分分词词作作状状语语表表示示被被动动的的和和完完成成的的动作。动作。(1)Writteninahurry,thisarticl
7、ewasnotsogood!因为写得匆忙,这篇文章不是很好。因为写得匆忙,这篇文章不是很好。【注注意意】written为为过过去去分分词词作作状状语语,表表示示这这篇篇文文章章是是被被写写的的,而而且且已已经经被被写写。值值得得注注意意的的是是,有有些些过过去去分分词词因因来来源源于于系系表表结结构构,作作状状语语时时不不表表被被动动而而表表主主动动。这这样样的的过过去去分分词词及及短短语语常常见见的的有有:lost(迷迷路路);seated(坐坐);hidden(躲躲);stationed(驻驻扎扎);lost/absorbedin(沉沉溺溺于于);born(出出身于);身于);dresse
8、din(穿着);穿着);tiredof(厌烦)。厌烦)。(2)Lost/Absorbed in deep thought,hedidnthearthesound.因因为为沉沉溺溺于于思思考考之之中中,所所以以他没听到那个声音。他没听到那个声音。2.过过去去分分词词作作状状语语时时其其逻逻辑辑主主语语为为主主句句的的主主语语,此时应注意人称一致。此时应注意人称一致。(1)Given another hour,I can alsoworkoutthisproblem.再再给给我我一一个个小小时时,我我也也能能解解这这道道题题。(given为为过过去去分分词词作作状状语语,它它的的逻逻辑辑主主语语为
9、主句主语为主句主语I,即,即I被再给一个小时。)被再给一个小时。)(2)Seenfromthetopofthehill,thecitylooksmorebeautifultous.从从山山顶顶看看城城市市,城城市市显显得得更更漂漂亮亮。(seen为为过过去去分分词词作作状状语语,表表“被被看看”,由由语语境境可可知知,它它的的逻逻辑辑主主语语必必须须是是城城市市,而而不不是是“我我们们”,因为,因为“我们我们”应主动看城市。)应主动看城市。)【注注意意】如如果果过过去去分分词词作作状状语语时时,前前面面再再加加逻逻辑辑主主语语,主主句句的的主主语语就就不不再再是是分分词词的的逻逻辑辑主主语语,
10、这这种种带带逻逻辑辑主主语语的的过过去去分分词词结结构构实实际际上上属属于于独独立主格结构。立主格结构。(1)Thesignalgiven,thebusstarted.信信号号一一发发出出,汽汽车车就就开开动动了了。(thesignal是是given的的逻逻辑辑主主语语,因因此此主主句句主主语语thebus就就不是不是given的逻辑主语。的逻辑主语。(2)Herheadheldhigh,shewentby.她她把头昂得高高地从这儿走了过去。(把头昂得高高地从这儿走了过去。(herhead是是heldhigh的逻辑主语,因此主句主的逻辑主语,因此主句主语语she就不再是就不再是heldhigh
11、的逻辑主语。)的逻辑主语。)3.过去分词作状语来源于状语从句。过去分词作状语来源于状语从句。(1)Caughtinaheavyrain,hewasallwet.因因为为淋淋了了一一场场大大雨雨,所所以以他他全全身身湿湿透透了了。(caughtinaheavyrain为为过过去去分分词词短短语语作作原原因因状状语语,它它来来源源于于原原因因状状语语从从句句Becausehewascaughtinaheavyrain.)(2)Grown in rich soil,these seeds cangrowfast.如如果果种种在在肥肥沃沃的的土土壤壤里里,这这些些种种子子能能长长得得很很快快。(gro
12、wninrichsoil为为过过去去分分词词作作条条件件状状语语,它它来来源源于于条条件件状状语语从从句句Iftheseseedsaregrowninrichsoil.【注注意意】状状语语从从句句改改成成过过去去分分词词作作状状语语时时有有时时还还可可保保留留连连词词,构构成成“连连词词过过去去分分词词”结结构构作状语。作状语。When given a medical examination,youshouldkeepcalm.当当你你做做体体格格检检查查时时要保持镇定。要保持镇定。4.过过去去分分词词作作状状语语的的位位置置。过过去去分分词词可可放放在在主主句句前前作作句句首首状状语语,后后
13、面面有有逗逗号号与与主主句句隔隔开开;也也可可放在主句后面,前面有逗号与主句隔开。放在主句后面,前面有逗号与主句隔开。He stood there silently,moved totears.=Movedtotears,hestoodtheresilently.他他静静静静地地站站在在那那里里,被被感感动动得得热热泪泪盈眶。盈眶。q过去分词作宾语补足语过去分词作宾语补足语(一一)能能够够接接过过去去分分词词作作宾宾补补的的动动词词有有以以下下三三类:类:1.表表示示感感觉觉或或心心理理状状态态的的动动词词。如如:see,watch,observe,lookat,hear,listento,f
14、eel,notice,think等。等。(1)IheardthesongsunginEnglish.我我听听到到有有人人用用英英语语唱唱过过这这首首歌歌。(过过去去分分词词sung的动作显然先于谓语动作的动作显然先于谓语动作heard;);)(2)Hefoundhishometowngreatlychanged.他他发发现现他他的的家家乡乡变变化化很很大大。(过过去去分分 词词 changed的的 动动 作作 显显 然然 先先 于于 谓谓 语语 动动 作作found)2.表表示示“致致使使”意意义义的的动动词词。如如:have,make,get,keep,leave等。等。(1)Illhave
15、myhaircuttomorrow.明明天我要理发。天我要理发。(2)He got his tooth pulled outyesterday.他昨天把牙拔了。他昨天把牙拔了。(3)Dontleavethosethingsundone.要把那些事情做完。要把那些事情做完。【注注意意】过过去去分分词词所所表表示示的的动动作作一一定定和和宾宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系。语有逻辑上的动宾关系。(二)使役动词(二)使役动词have接过去分词作宾补接过去分词作宾补有两种情况。有两种情况。1.过去分词所表示的动作由他人完成。过去分词所表示的动作由他人完成。(1)Hehadhismoneystolen.他的他的钱
16、给偷了。(被别人偷去了)钱给偷了。(被别人偷去了)2.过去分词所表示的动作由句中的主语过去分词所表示的动作由句中的主语所经历。如:所经历。如:(2)Hehadhislegbroken.他的腿断他的腿断了。了。(自己的经历)(自己的经历)q“with宾语过去分词宾语过去分词”结构结构“with宾宾语语过过去去分分词词”结结构构中中,过过去去分分词词用用作作介介词词with的的宾宾语语补补足足语语。这这一一结结构构通通常常在在句句中中作作时时间间、方方式式、条条件件、原原因因等状语。例如:等状语。例如:(1)Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishandstiedbehin
17、dhisback.凶手被带进来了,他的双手被绑在背后。(表方式)凶手被带进来了,他的双手被绑在背后。(表方式)(2)Withwaterheated,wecanseethesteam.水水一一被被加加热热,我我们们就会看到水蒸气。(表条件)就会看到水蒸气。(表条件)(3)Withthemattersettled,weallwenthome.事事情情得得到到解解决决,我们都回家了。(表原因)我们都回家了。(表原因)(4)Shestoodinfrontofhim,withhereyesfixedonhisface.她站在他面前,眼睛注视着他。她站在他面前,眼睛注视着他。(5)Hestoodforan
18、instantwithhishandstillraised.他仍然举他仍然举着手站了一会儿。着手站了一会儿。过去分词作状语,一是表被动的动作,二是表过去分词作状语,一是表被动的动作,二是表动作已经完成。通常作如下几种状语动作已经完成。通常作如下几种状语:1.When it is seen from the hill,the park looks very beautiful.Seen from the hill1.时间状语时间状语,可在过去分词前加上连词可在过去分词前加上连词when,while,until等等.2.Dont speak until you are spoken to.Unti
19、l spoken to2.原因状语原因状语1.Because the boy was greatly touched by his teachers words,he did a lot of things to help his classmates.Greatly touched by the teachers words2.As he was surprised at what happened,Tom didnt know what to do.Surprised at what happened1_time,hewillmakeafirst-classtennisplayer.AHa
20、vinggivenBTogiveCGivingDGiven2_in1636,HarvardisoneofthemostfamousuniversitiesintheUnitedStates.ABeingfoundedBItwasfoundedCFoundedDFounding3Unless_tospeak,youshouldremainsilentattheconference.AinvitedBinvitingCbeinginvitedDhavinginvitedDCA4_,buthestillcouldntunderstandit.AHehadbeentoldmanytimesBHavin
21、gbeentoldmanytimesCToldmanytimesDAlthoughhehadbeentoldmanytimes5Whenfirst_tothemarket,theseproductsenjoyedgreatsuccess.AintroducingBintroducedCintroduceDbeingintroducedAB6Thereseemedtobenothing_todobut_forthedoctor.Aleave/sendBleft/tosendCleft/sendDleaving/send7_everywhere,thewolveshadnowhere_themse
22、lves.AHunting/hidingBTohunt/tohideCHunted/hidingDHunted/tohideCD作介词but,expect,besides 的宾语,前面又有实意动词 do时,不定式通常省去to 8.The _ morning,the father came into the lonely house,_ by his naughty boy.A.following,following B.followed,followedB.C.following,followed D.followed,following9.Mrs.White was glad to see
23、the nurse _ after her son and was pleased to see the boy well _ care of in the nursery.A.looked;taken B.looking;takenB.C.looked;took D.looking;takingCB10.The murderer was brought in,with his hands _ behind his back.A.being tied B.having tiedB.C.to be tied D.tied11._ more attention,the trees could ha
24、ve grown better.A.Given B.To giveB.C.Giving D.Having givenDA1.Youcanmakeyourself_prettywellifyoukeeponspeakingthelanguage.A.understandB.understoodC.understandingD.tounderstandExercise2.Themanagerdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee_thenextyear.A.carryoutB.carryingoutC.carriedoutD.tocarryout3.-Ican
25、tseethewordsontheblackboard.-Perhapsyouneed_.A.tohaveyoureyesexaminedB.toexamineyoureyeC.tohaveexaminedyoureyesD.youreyestobeexamined4.Theywokeup,findingeverythingaround_.A.changingB.changeC.changedD.tochange1.TheOlympicGames,_in776B.C.,didntincludewomenuntil1912.A.firstplayingB.tobefirstplayedC.fir
26、stplayedD.tobeplaying考点点拨考点点拨简析简析:首先首先,根据语法分析可知根据语法分析可知,待选待选部分是一个作定语、修饰部分是一个作定语、修饰TheOlympicGames的后置分词短语的后置分词短语;再根再根据据TheOlympicGames对于动词对于动词play来说只能是被动承受来说只能是被动承受,且已完成且已完成(in776B.C.)。因此。因此,该题应选该题应选C。2.Whatsthelanguage_inGermany?A.speakingB.spokenC.bespokenD.tospeak简析简析:该题应选该题应选B。测试过去分词作。测试过去分词作后置定语
27、表达被动后置定语表达被动,等于定语从句等于定语从句whichisspoken。3.Mostoftheartists_tothepartywerefromSouthAfrica.A.invitedB.toinviteC.beinginvitedD.hadbeeninvited简析简析:该题应选该题应选A。测试过去分词作。测试过去分词作后置定语表达被动后置定语表达被动,等于定语从句等于定语从句whowereinvited。4.Thecomputercentre,_lastyear,isverypopularamongthestudentsinthisschool.A.openB.openingC.
28、havingopenedD.opened简析简析:该题应选该题应选D。测试过去分词短语。测试过去分词短语作定语放在所修饰的名词后作定语放在所修饰的名词后,可以用非可以用非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句“whichwasopenedlastyear”代替。代替。5.Thefirsttextbooks_forteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury.A.havingwrittenB.tobewrittenC.beingwrittenD.written简析简析:该题应选该题应选D。测试过去分词作后。测试过去分词作后置定语表达被动置
29、定语表达被动,等于定语从句等于定语从句whichwerewritten。例例:Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishands_behindhisback.A.beingtiedB.havingtiedC.tobetiedD.tied简析简析:很显然很显然,待选部分的逻辑主语是待选部分的逻辑主语是hishands,而不是句子的主语而不是句子的主语Themurderer,而而hishands对于动词对于动词tie来来说说,只能是被动承受。因此只能是被动承受。因此,该题应选该题应选D。1.Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturin
30、g and Mining Company,_ as 3M.2.A.knowing B.known3.C.being known D.to be known高考链接B解析:答案解析:答案B B。此处考查过去分词作后置。此处考查过去分词作后置定语,定语,3M3M与与knowknow之间是被动关系,故用过之间是被动关系,故用过去分词表示被动。去分词表示被动。2.The disc,digitally _ in the studio,sounded fantastic at the party that night.A.recorded B.recording C.to be recorded D.ha
31、ving recorded高考链接A解析:答案解析:答案A A。此处考查过去分词作后置。此处考查过去分词作后置定语,定语,discdisc与与recordrecord之间是被动关系,故之间是被动关系,故用过去分词表示。用过去分词表示。3.Dont use words,expressions,or phrases _ only to people with specific knowledge.A.being known B.having been known C.to be known D.known高考链接D解析:答案解析:答案D D。knowknow与与wordswords,express
32、ionsexpressions,phrasesphrases构成动宾关系,故用过去分词表构成动宾关系,故用过去分词表示被动。示被动。4.The flowers _ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.A.to smell B.smelling C.smelt D.to be smelt高考链接B解析:答案解析:答案B B。此处为现在分词作定语,。此处为现在分词作定语,修饰修饰flowersflowers。smellsmell为系动词,不能用于为系动词,不能用于被动语态,相当于被动语态,
33、相当于which/that smells which/that smells sweetsweet。Practice1.Didyouattendthemeeting_yesterday?A.tobeheldB.havingbeenheldB.C.heldD.beingheld2.Doyouknowthenameoftheplay_in3.thehallnow?A.tobeputonB.beingputonB.C.putonD.puttingon3.Iborrowedabook_byMarkTwain4.fromthelibrarylastweek.Ilikeitverymuch.A.writt
34、enB.writingB.C.waswrittenD.towrite4.Pleasedontforgethim.Heisoneof_.A.thoseinvitedB.invitedthoseB.C.thoseinvitingD.invitingthoseCBAA1._blackandblue,theladycouldntmove.A.BeatenB.BeatingC.TobebeatenD.TobeatExercises2._everywhere,thewolveshadnowhere_themselves.A.Hunting,hidingB.Tohunt,tohideC.Hunted,hid
35、ingD.Hunted,tohide3.Theteacherwalkedtolab,_.A.followedbyhisstudentsB.hisstudentsfollowedC.andfollowedbyhisstudentsD.bothAandB4.When_intothewarmroom,icesoonchangesintowater.A.heatingandtakingB.heated,andtakingC.heatingortakenD.heatedortaken5.Theresearchissodesignedthatonce_nothingcanbedonetochangeit.
36、A.beginsB.havingbegunC.beginningD.begun6.Mr.Smith,_ofthe_speech,startedtoreadanovel.(03北京春北京春)A.tired;boringB.tiring;boredC.tired;boredD.tiring;boring7.Shewassadbecauseof_anychanceleft.A.therebeingnotB.therenotbeingC.nottherebeingD.therewasnot8.Dontusewords,expressions,orphrases_onlytopeoplewithspec
37、ificknowledge.(上海上海2002)A.beingknownB.havingbeenknownC.tobeknownD.known9._suchheavypollutionalready,itmaynowbetoolatetocleanuptheriver.(01全国夏全国夏)A.HavingsufferedB.SufferingC.TosufferD.Suffered10.Before_,themachinemustbechecked.A.beingusedB.usingitC.beingusedtoD.using 11.Pricesofdailygoods_throughaco
38、mputercanbelowerthanstoreprices.(02京皖春京皖春)A.areboughtB.boughtC.beenboughtD.buying12.TheEmperorsNewClothes,isan_text.Allofusare_init.A.exciting;excitingB.excited;excitedC.excited;excitingD.exciting;excited13.Sheaskedifthereisanything_fortonight.A.toplanB.plannedC.thatplansD.planning14.The_morning,the
39、fathercameintothelonelyhouse,_byhisnaughtyboy.A.following;followingB.followed;followedC.following;followedD.followed;following15._thesepictures,IcouldnthelpthinkingofthosedayswhenIwasinBeijingand_fromthetopofathirty-storedbuilding,Beijinglooksmoremagnificent.A.Seeing;seenB.Seen;seeingC.Seeing;seeing
40、D.Seen;seen16._betterattention,thevegetablescouldhavegrownbetterwiththesunshiningbrightlyintheskyand_themlight.A.Giving;givenB.Given;givenC.Giving;givingD.Given;giving17.Unless_tospeak,youshouldremainsilentattheconference.A.invitedB.invitingC.beinginvitedD.havinginvited18.When_,themuseumwillbeopento
41、thepublicnextyear.A.completedB.completingC.beingcompletedD.tobecompleted19._in1636,HarvardisoneofthemostfamousuniversitiesintheUnitedStates.A.BeingfoundB.ItwasfoundedC.FoundedD.Founding20.Ifoundacar_inapoolbythesideoftheroad.A.tobestuckB.stuckC.stickingD.stick英语主动形式表被动意义的几种情况英语主动形式表被动意义的几种情况1.表示被动含义
42、的表示被动含义的主动动词主动动词1)系动词系动词taste,sound,look,smell,feelYourreasonsoundsreasonable.Goodmedicinetastesbittertothemouth.2)一些与一些与cant或或wont,wouldnt连用的动连用的动词。词。常用的有常用的有:lock,shut,open,act等等,Thedoorwont/wouldntopen.Itcant/wouldntmove.3)sell,wash,clean,burn,cook等等,与与well(很很),easily(容易地容易地),perfectly(十分地十分地)等连用
43、等连用,Thebooksellswell.Theseclotheswashwell.2.表示被动含义的表示被动含义的主动结构主动结构1)动名词动名词beworth,want(需需要要),need(需要需要),require(需要需要)后后所所用用的的动动名名词词,必必须须用用主主动动结结构构表表示被动意义示被动意义,例如例如:Yourhairwants/needscutting=Yourhairneedstobecut.2)不定式不定式1.主语主语+be+形容词形容词+不定式不定式”句型中句型中,形形 容容 词词 easy、difficult、heavy、hard、nice、bitter、da
44、ngerous、interesting、important、expensive、comfortable、pleasant、impossible句句中中的的主主语语又又是是不不定定式式的的逻逻辑辑宾宾语语时时,通通常常用不定式主动形式表示被动意义用不定式主动形式表示被动意义,例如例如:Thatquestionisdifficulttoanswer.Chickenslegsarenicetoeat.2.当不定式所修饰的当不定式所修饰的名词或代词名词或代词是是动词的宾语动词的宾语,而句子,而句子的的主语主语也是不定式的也是不定式的逻辑主语逻辑主语时。时。:He bought He bought so
45、me magazinessome magazines to to read read.He has He has a familya family to to support support.3.3.当当不不定定式式所所修修饰饰的的名名词词或或代代词词,是是及及物物动动词词的的直直接接宾语宾语,而间接宾语而间接宾语是是不定式的逻辑主语不定式的逻辑主语时。时。The The teacher teacher gave gave the the studentsstudents some some paperpaper to to write onwrite on.4.4.当当不不定定式式所所修修饰
46、饰的的名名词词或或代代词词,是是“there there bebe.”结结构构句句中中的的主主语语时时 (此此处处用用主主动动或或被被动动式式,一一般般说说来无意义上的不同来无意义上的不同)。如如:There are There are many problemsmany problems to to work outwork out.(to to be be worked worked out out)3)3)特殊结构特殊结构“be be+under under+名名词词”结结构构:这这种种结结构构表表示示某某事事“在进行中在进行中”。例如。例如:The building The building is under constructionis under construction.The The whole whole matter matter is is under under discussiondiscussion (=is(=is being discussed).being discussed).经经 常常 这这 样样 用用 的的 名名 词词 还还 有有 repair(修修 理理),treatment(治疗治疗),question(质问质问)等。等。