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1、初中英语语法学习之宾语从句用法与练习1. 宾语从句：（1) that引导的宾语从句Sometimes we need to remind ourselves that thankfulness is indeed a virtue.有时我们需要提醒自己，感激是真正的美德。Health is the thing that makes you feel that now is the best time of the year.健康使你感到现在是一年中最好的时光。（2）what引导的宾语从句If you cant have the best, make the best of what you h
2、ave.没有最好的，就充分利用现有的。If you dont have what you like，you must like what you have.没有你喜欢的东西，就喜欢你现有的东西。2. 宾语从句定义：在主从复合句子中，充当宾语，位于及物动词、介词或复合谓语之后的从句称为宾语从句。 宾语可分为三类：动词的宾语从句、介词的宾语从句、形容词的宾语从句。宾语从句的时态（1）若主句是一般现在时、一般将来时或祈使句时，宾语从句根据句子的意义使用需要的时态。如：We dont know who has broken the window. But we will find out who ha
3、s done that.Please tell me where we will go.（2）若主句是一般过去时，宾语从句要用相应的某种过去时态，如一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时或过去完成时。如：He said：Im a student. He said that he was a student.The teacher asked：What is Mike doing？The teacher asked what Mike was doing.（3）若宾语从句叙述的是客观真理或永恒不变的规律，则应采用一般现在时，不受主句时态的限制。如：Our teacher said that the
4、earth moves round the sun宾语从句的引导词A,由that 引导的陈述句性的宾语从句，在很多动词如say, think, wish , hope, see, believe, agree, expect, hear , feel等动词后。连词that只起连接作用，在从句中不做句子的成分，也无词汇意义，在口语中常被省略，但在大多数情况下还是以不省为好，特别是在笔语中。例：I told him that he was wrong.l在think,believe, suppose, expect等动词引起的宾语从句中，有时谓语尽管是否定意义，却不用否定形式，而将think 等动
5、词变为否定形式。例：I dont think you are right. (我认为你做的不对)l在许多带有复合宾语的句子中，that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子的后面，而用it做形式宾语。例：We think it wrong that he told a lie to everyone (我认为他向每一个人撒谎是错误的)B,由连词if、 whether 引导的表示“是否”的宾语从句。Whether,if 在从句中不做句子的成分，一般情况下，whether和if 可以替换。例：I dont know if/whether he will come tomorrow.The teacher as
6、ked if/whether we had finished the experiment.l在介词后面的宾语从句中不用if引导例：Everything depends on whether we have enough money。l宾语从句中有or not时不用if引导.例：I dont know whether the movie star will come or not.l和不定式连用作宾语时不用if引导.例：Whether to go there or not hasnt been decided.C,由wh-引导的宾语从句。连接代词who,whom,whose, what, wh
7、ich,和连接副词when, where, why, how 等连接的宾语从句，它们在句中即有连接从句的作用，又在句中充当句子的成分。例：Do you know which film they are talking about (which做定语)I dont know where he lives. (where 做地点状语) 3.学会宾语从句三大要点宾语从句的语序都用陈述句语序，即正常的主谓语序，如果原句是疑问句改为宾语从句则应调整为陈述句语序。如：I dont know where he is now. 我不知道他现在在哪。He asked whether we should hold
8、 a sports meeting.他问是否我们应该举行运动会。归纳总结：引导词当宾语从句是由陈述句变化而来时，该从句通常由that引导。此时that没有具体意义，口语中可以省略。当宾语从句是由一般疑问句变化而来时，用连词if或 whether引导，意思为“是否”，表示选择。注意：if和 whether在引导宾语从句时，一般可以互换。但下列5种情况中只能用 whether，而不能用if：1)当和or not一起使用时；2)宾语从句用作介词宾语时；3)当宾语从句移到句首表示强调时；4)连词处于动词不定式前，用 whether而不用if；5）用在discuss后面时。小结：三前二后：句子前面，or
9、 not后面，不定式前；介词之后与discuss后，要用whether不用if。当宾语从句由特殊疑问句变化而来时，则用该特殊疑问词来引导宾语从句。归纳总结：时态主句：一般现在时从句：根据实际需要各种时态，如：She says (that) she works from Monday to Friday. 她说她从周一至周五上班。（从句是一般现在时）She says (that) she will leave a message on his desk. 她说她要在他桌子上留个便条。（从句是一般将来时）She says (that) she has never been to Mount Eme
10、i.她说她从来没有去过峨嵋山。（从句是现在完成时）主句：一般过去时从句：相应的过去时态，如：He said there were no classes yesterday afternoon.他说昨天下午没有课。（从句是一般过去时）He said (that) he was going to take care of the baby. 他说他会去照看这个婴儿。（从句是过去将来时）He said (that) they were having a meeting at that time. 他说他们那时正在开会。（从句是过去进行时）注意：从句表示客观真理、自然现象、科学原理、格言等，从句动词的
11、时态不变，仍用一般现在时。如：Hesaid that light travels much faster than sound.他说光比声音传播得快。初中英语语法宾语从句练习题答案：( ) 1 The girls asked if they _ some food and drink with them.A. took B. take C. takes D. will take( ) 2 Catherine said that she _ to Guangzhou.A. has never gone B. had never goneC. has never been D. had never
12、 been( ) 3 The students want to know whether they_ dictation today.A. had B. has . C. will have D. are( ) 4 She asked Linda if_ go and get some.A. could she B. she could C. she can D. she may( ) 5 Linda said the moon_ round the earth.A. travelled B. has travelled C. travells D. had travelled2( ) 1 C
13、an you tell me_ you were born, Betty?A. who B. what C. when D. that( ) 2 I dont know _ they have passed the exam.A. what B. if C. when D. where( ) 3 I hardly understand._ he has told me.A. that B. what C. which D. who( ) 4 She didnt know_ back soon.A. whether he would be B. if would he be C. he will
14、 be( ) 5 I dont know _ he still lives here after so many years.A. whether B where C. what D. when( ) 6 Do you know _ they listened to yesterday evening?A. what B when C why D how( ) 7 He asked me _told me the accident.A whom B which C who D whose3( ) 1.They dont know _their parents are.A that B what
15、 C why D which( ) 2.Please tell me _what last year.A. where does your sister work B where did your sister workC where your sister works D where your sister worked( ) 3.She asked me if I knew _.A. whose pen is it B. whose pen it wasC. whose pen it is D. whose pen was it( ) 4. You must remember _.A. w
16、hat your mother said B. what did your mother sayC. your mother said what D. what has your mother said( ) 5 Did you know _?A. who he was looking after B. who was he looking forC. who he is looking for D. who he is looking after( ) 6 Could you tell me _?A. when will they leave Beijing B. when would they leave BeijingC. when they will leave Beijing D. when did they leave Beijing初中英语语法宾语从句练习题答案：1. 1-5 A D C B C2. 1-7 C B B A A A C3. 1-6 B D B A A C学科网（北京）股份有限公司