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1、American HistoryLecturer:Qin JieAimsvGettoknowthegeneralhistoryofUSvGettoknowthespecificandsignificanteventsofUShistoryvGettoknowtheimportanthistoricalfiguresvInformationaboutAmericanCivilWarvReviewThe Gettysburg AddressvFivescoreyearsago,agreatAmerican,inwhosesymbolicshadowwestandtoday,signedtheEma
2、ncipationProcla-mation.ThismomentousdecreecameasagreatbeaconlightofhopetomillionsofNegroslaveswhohadbeensearedintheflamesofwitheringinjustice.Itcameasajoyousdaybreaktoendthelongnightofbadcaptivity.Butonehundredyearslater,theNegrostillisnotfree.Onehundredyearslater,thelifeoftheNegroisstillsadlycrippl
3、edbythemanaclesofsegregationandthechainsofdiscrimination.Onehundredyearslater,theNegrolivesonalonelyislandofpovertyinthemidstofavastoceanofmaterialprosperity.Onehundredyearslater,theNegroisstilllanguishedinthecornersofAmericansocietyandfindshimselfanexileinhisownland.Sowevecomeheretodaytodramatizeas
4、hamefulcondition.v(I have a dreamMartinLutherKing)First World WarvAmajorwarcenteredonEuropethatbeganinthesummerof1914.vThisconflictinvolvedalloftheworldsgreatpowers,assembledintwoopposingalliances:theAllies(centeredaroundtheTripleEntente-France,Britain,Russia)andtheCentralPowers-Germany,Italy,Austri
5、a-Hungary.vTheassassinationon28June1914ofArchdukeFranzFerdinandofAustria,theheirtothethroneofAustria-Hungary,wastheproximatetriggerofthewar.vLong-termcauses,suchasimperialisticforeignpoliciesofthegreatpowersofEurope,suchastheGermanEmpire,theAustro-HungarianEmpire,theOttomanEmpire,theRussianEmpire,th
6、eBritishEmpire,France,andItaly,playedamajorrole.World War IvAfterthewar,theSenatedidnotratifytheTreaty of Versailles,whichestablishedtheLeagueofNations.Thecountrypursuedapolicyofunilateralism,vergingonisolationism.Great DepressionvTheprosperityoftheRoaringTwentiesendedwiththeWallStreetCrashof1929tha
7、ttriggeredtheGreatDepression.vAfterhiselectionaspresidentin1932,FranklinD.RooseveltrespondedwiththeNewDeal,arangeofpoliciesincreasinggovernmentinterventionintheeconomy.vThe32ndPresidentoftheUnitedStatesandacentralfigureinworldeventsduringthemid-20thcentury,leadingtheUnitedStatesduringatimeofworldwid
8、eeconomiccrisisandworldwar.vFDRscombinationofoptimismandactivismcontributedtorevivingthenationalspirit.WorkingcloselywithWinstonChurchillandJosephStalininleadingtheAlliesagainstGermanyandJapaninWorldWarII,hediedjustasvictorywasinsight.1882-1945vTheUnitedStates,effectivelyneutralduringWorldWarIIsearl
9、ystagesafterNaziGermanysinvasionofPolandinSeptember1939,begansupplyingmaterieltotheAlliesinMarch1941.vOnDecember7,1941,theUnitedStatesjoinedtheAlliesagainsttheAxispowersafterasurpriseattackonPearlHarborbyJapan.World War IIvAsvictorywaswoninEurope,a1945internationalconferenceheldinSanFranciscoproduce
10、dtheUnitedNationsCharter,whichbecameactiveafterthewar.vTheUnitedStates,usedatomicbombsontheJapanesecitiesofHiroshimaandNagasakiinAugust.JapansurrenderedonSeptember2,endingthewar.ColdWarvTheUnitedStatesandSovietUnionjockeyedforpowerafterWorldWarIIduringtheColdWar,dominatingthemilitaryaffairsofEuropet
11、hroughNATOandtheWarsawPact.vTheUnitedStatespromotedliberaldemocracyandcapitalism,whiletheSovietUnionpromotedcommunismandacentrallyplannedeconomy.ColdWarvAmericantroopsfoughtCommunistforcesintheKoreanWarof195053.vSenatorJosephMcCarthybecamethefigureheadofanticommunistsentiment.TheBerlinWarvThe 1961 S
12、oviet launch of the first manned spaceflight prompted President John F.Kennedys call for the United States to be first to land a man on the moon,“achieved in 1969.ProtestpoliticsvAgrowingcivilrightsmovement,ledbyAfricanAmericanssuchasRosaParksandMartinLutherKing,Jr.,foughtsegregationanddiscriminatio
13、n.vFollowingKennedysassassinationin1963,theCivilRightsActof1964andVotingRightsActof1965werepassedunderPresidentLyndonB.Johnson.Johnsonandhissuccessor,RichardNixon,expandedawarinSoutheastAsiaintotheunsuccessfulVietnamWar.vAwidespreadcounterculturalmovementgrew,fueledbyoppositiontothewar,blacknational
14、ism,andthesexualrevolution.ColdWarandprotestpoliticsvAsaresultoftheWatergatescandal,in1974NixonbecamethefirstU.S.presidenttoresign,hewassucceededbyVicePresidentGeraldFord.vTheJimmyCarteradministrationofthelate1970swasmarkedbystagflation.vTheelectionofRonaldReaganaspresidentin1980heraldedasignificant
15、rightwardshiftinAmericanpolitics.HissecondterminofficebroughtsignificantdiplomaticprogresswiththeSovietUnion.ThesubsequentSovietcollapseendedtheColdWar.Contemporary eravTheleadershiproletakenbytheUnitedStatesanditsalliesintheUNsanctionedGulfWar,underPresidentGeorgeH.W.Bush,andtheYugoslavwars,underPr
16、esidentBillClinton,helpedtopreserveitspositionasasuperpower.vAcivillawsuitandsexualscandalledtoClintonsimpeachmentin1998,butheremainedinoffice.The2000presidentialelection,oneoftheclosestinU.S.history,GeorgeW.Bush,sonofGeorgeH.W.Bush,becamepresident.Contemporary eravOnSeptember11,2001,al-Qaedaterrori
17、stsstrucktheWorldTradeCenterinNewYorkCityandThePentagonnearWashington,D.C.,killingnearlythreethousandpeople.vInlate2001,U.S.forcesledaninvasionofAfghanistan,removingtheTalibangovernmentandal-Qaedatrainingcamps.AssignmentvSelectoneinauguraladdressgivenbyAmericanpresidentsandtrytoreciteit.vReviewMartinLutherKingsfamousspeech“Ihaveadream”.