《英语语言学考研试题.pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《英语语言学考研试题.pdf（75页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、Model Test 1I.Directions:Read each of the following statementscarefully.Decide which one of the four choices bestcompletes the statement and put the letter A,B,C orD in the brackets.(2%X 10=20%)1.()The study of language as a whole is often calledlinguistics.A.particular B.generalC.ordinary D.generat
2、ive2.()can be simply defined as the speechsounds we use when speaking a language.A.Phones B.SoundsC.Phonemes D.Speech sounds3.()The two clauses in a sentence arestructurally equal parts of the sentence.A.simple B.completeC.complex D.coordinate4.()What is actually internalized in the mind of anative
3、speaker is a system ofgrammatical knowledge.A.phrase B.sentenceC.rule D.symbol5.()“I like this shirt very much.hasarguments.A.one B.twoC.three D.four6.()If a sentence is regarded as what people actuallyutter in the course of communication,it becomesA.a sentence B.an actC.a unit D.an utterance7.()inv
4、olves a reversal in position oftwo adjoining sound segments.A.Apocope B.EpenthesisC.Metathesis D.Assimilation8.()The goal o f is to explore the natureof language variation and language use among avariety of speech communities and indifferentsocial situations.A.psycholinguistics B.sociolinguisticsC.h
5、istorical linguistics D.general linguistics9.()F o r,thinking was a system ofmovements that had been reduced from actual speechto the point where they were no longer visible.A.Watson B.PlatoC.Aristotle D.Bloomfield10.()The meaning of a word or phrase depends largelyon the communicativeA.contentC.res
6、ponseB.contextD.answerII.Directions:Fill in the blanks in each of thefollowing statements with one word,the first letterof which is already given as a clue.Note that you areto fill in ONE word only,and you are not allowed tochange the letter given.(1%X 10=10%)11.Language is a system consisting of tw
7、o sof structures,or two levels.12.English is an i language.13.The affixes occurring at the beginning of a word arecalled p.14.Words and phrases are organized according to thesyntactic c.15.P structure rules allow us to betterunderstand how words and phrases form sentences,andso on.16.P can be define
8、d as the study of howspeakers of a language use sentences to effectsuccessful communication.17.Most of the violations of the four maxims give riseto c implicatures.18.Many languages have sets of lexical items similar inmeaning but ranked differently according to theirdegree of f.19.The brain is divi
9、ded into two roughly symmetricalhalves,called h,one on the right and oneon the left.20.When we listen,the word is heard and comprehendedvia W area.Ill.Directions:Judge whether each of the followingstatements is true or false.Put a T for true or F forfalse in the brackets in front of each statement.I
10、fyou think a statement is false,you must explain whyyou think so and give the correct version.(2%X10=20%)21.()In linguistics,as in any other discipline,dataand theory stand in a dialecticalcomplementation.22.()Modern linguistics is mostly descriptive,butsometimes prescriptive.23.()Distinctive featur
11、es are the same to anylanguage.24.()One of the clauses in a coordinate sentence issubordinate to the other.25.()In English and many other languages,the subjectusually follows the verb and the direct objectusually precedes the verb.26.()Speech act theory was proposed by the Britishphilosopher John Au
12、stin in the late 1950s.27.()The most vigorous and on going change in thehistorical development of a language is thechange in its vocabulary.28.()A creole language is originally a pidgin thathas become established as a native language insome speech community.29.()Aristotle suggested that thought was
13、the soulsdiscourse with itself.30.()SLA stands for second language acquisition.IV.Directions:Explain the following terms,using oneor two examples for illustration.(3%X 10=30%)31.design features32.free morpheme33.synonymy34.predication35.slang36.Move a37.semantic shift38.speech community39.cerebral c
14、ortex40.overt thoughtV.Answer the following questions.(10%X2=20%)41.Why is productivity unique to language?42.How is Saussure，s distinction between langue andparole similar to Chomskys distinstion betweencompetence and performance?Model Test 2I.Directions:Read each of the following statementscareful
15、ly.Decide which one of the four choices bestcompletes the statement and put the letter A,B,C orD in the brackets.(2%X 10=20%)1.()A vowel is one that is produced withthe front part of the tongue maintaining thehighest position.A.back B.centralC.front D.middle2.()The open,back and long vowel i s.A.i:B
16、.o:C.a:D.u:3.()An embedded clause functions as a unitin its matrix clause.A.structural B.grammaticalC.lexical D.linear4.()Phrase structure rules haveproperties.A.recursive B.grammaticalC.double D.many5.()Dialectal synonyms are synonyms used indifferent dialects.A.personal B.regionalC.social D.profes
17、sional6.()resulted mainly from the expansionof the study of linguistics,especially that ofsemantics.A.Pragmatics B.PragmatismC.Phonology D.Practicalism7.()Language change is universal,continuous and,to a considerable e x t e n t.A.regular but not systematic B.irregular and systematicC.regular and sy
18、stematic D.irregularbut systematic8.()To date,about language familieshave been documented in historical linguisticliterature.A.thirty B.fortyC.fifty D.sixty9.()Language disorder resulting from a damage toarea in the brain reveals word-findingdifficulties and problems with syntax.A.Wernickes B.Brocas
19、C.Gage，s D.Genies10.()The development of linguistic skills involvesthe acquisition of rules ratherthan the mere memorization of words andsentences.A.morphological B.grammaticalC.linguistic D.syntacticII.Directions:Fill in the blanks in each of thefollowing statements with one word,the first letterof
20、 which is already given as a clue.Note that you areto fill in ONE word only,and you are not allowed tochange the letter given.(1%X 10=10%)11.IPA stands for International Phonetic A.12.The phonemic features that occur above the level ofthe segments are called s features.13.Semantically,the meaning of
21、 a c is oftenidiomatic,not always being the sum total of themeanings of its components.14.Phrase structure rules,with the insertion of the1,generate sentences at the level of Dstructure.15.In semantic analysis,p is the abstractionof the meaning of a sentence.16.Linguistic forms having the same sense
22、 may havedifferent r in different situations.17.C is a process of combining two or morewords into one lexical unit.18.P studies language in relation to the mind.19.Research has shown that different aspects of languageprocessing appear to be more characteristic of the1 hemisphere than the other.20.Th
23、e development of a first or native language iscalled first language a.Ill.Directions:Judge whether each of the followingstatements is true or false.Put a T for true or F forfalse in the brackets in front of each statement.Ifyou think a statement is false,you must explain whyyou think so and give the
24、 correct version.(2%X10=20%)21.()The writing system of any language is alwaysa later invention,used to record the speech.22.()Both phonology and phonetics are studies ofspeech sounds.23.()The root of a word is the smallest meaningfulunit of language.24.()Some languages have ways of referring to some
25、entity,some languages don，t.25.()Reference is the aspect of meaning dictionarycompilers are interested in.26.()A locutionary act is the act of conveyingliteral meaning by means of syntax,lexicon,andphonology.27.()Historical linguistics studies languagechange.28.()SAE stands for Standard American Eng
26、lish.29.()The language system provides all specifics ofone，s world view.30.()A large proportion of grammatical errors insecond language acquisition can be explained bymother tongue interference.IV.Directions:Explain the following terms,using oneor two examples for illustration.(3%X 10=30%)31.narrow
27、transcription32.simple pounding35.euphemism36.morpheme37.reference38.context39.creole40.subvocal speechV.Answer the following questions.(10%X2=20%)41.What are the major branches of linguistics?What doeseach of them study?42.Why is syntax regarded as a system of rules?Model Test 3I.Directions:Read ea
28、ch of the following statementscarefully.Decide which one of the four choices bestcompletes the statement and put the letter A,B,C orD in the brackets.(2%X 10=20%)1.()A scientific study of language is based on theinvestigation of language data.A.symbolic B.systemicC.systematic D.system2.()are sometim
29、es called“semivowels”.A.vowels B.fricativeC.glides D.nasals3.()is a typical tone language.A.English B.ChineseC.French D.American English4.()A sentence is considered when itconforms to the grammatical knowledge in the mindof native speakers.A.rightC.grammatical5.()The number of thelexical categoriesm
30、embers are allowedB.wrongD.ungrammaticallexical items in the minoris and no newfor.A.large B.smallC.limitless D.fixed6.()In the classic semantic triangle,the symbol orform refers to the linguistic elements,ie,A.things and referent B.thought andreferenceC.views and ideas D.words,phrases7.()All the ut
31、terances that can be made to serve thesame purpose may vary in their form.A.syntactic B.semanticC.grammatical D.pragmatic8.()There is a gradation of ranging alonga continuum between two extremes of very formaland very informal.A.dialect B.registerC.variation D.slang9.()Human beings are the only spec
32、ies that learnsand acquires l a n g u a g e explicitinstruction.A.with B.withoutC.within D.through10.()In their first language acquisition,childrendeveloped into the stage after the twoword stage.A.third B.fourthC.fifth D.multiwordII.Directions:Fill in the blanks in each of thefollowing statements w
33、ith one word,the first letterof which is already given as a clue.Note that you areto fill in ONE word only,and you are not allowed tochange the letter given.(1%X 10=10%)11.Human capacity for language has a g basis,but the details of language have to be taught andlearned.12.If a linguistic study desc
34、ribes and analyzes thelanguage people actually use,it is said to bed.13.P is interested in the system of sounds ofa particular language.14.F morphemes are independent units ofmeaning and can be used freely all by themselves.15.In a tree diagram,the points at which the treebranches at various levels
35、are called bnodes.16.According to the n theory of meaning,thewords in a language are taken to be labels of theobjects they stand for.17.B is a process of forming a new word bycombining parts of other words.18.The deletion of a word-final vowel segment is calleda.19.A tragedy occurred to Phineas G ab
36、out onehundred and fifty years ago.20.Children，s language development starts from thep cooing and babbling stage.Ill.Directions:Judge whether each of the followingstatements is true or false.Put a T for true or Ffor false in the brackets in front of each statement.If you think a statement is false,y
37、ou must explainwhy you think so and give the correct version.(2%X 10=20%)21.()Language is a social activity carried out ina certain social environment by human beings.22.()A synchronic study of language is a historicalstudy.23.()The structure of words is not governed by rules.24.()It is believed tha
38、t phrase structure rules,withthe insertion of the lexicon,generate sentencesat the level of S-structure.25.()Complete synonyms are rare in language.26.()There are four maxims under the CooperativePrinciple.27.()Epenthesis is a change that involves theinsertion of a consonant or a vowel sound to them
39、iddle of a word.28.()When people of a community speak two differentregional or national dialects for differentpurposes,diglossia and bilingualism emerge.29.()Wernickes work strengthened Broca5 s claim thatleft hemispheric structures are essential forspeech.30.()Language acquisition is concerned with
40、 languagedevelopment in humans.IV.Directions:Explain the following terms,using oneor two examples for illustration.(3%X 10=30%)31.broad transcription32.bound morpheme33.perlocutionary act34.clipping35.fossilization36.duality37.sense38.back-formation39.language planning40.acquisitionV.Answer the foll
41、owing questions.(10%X2=20%)41.What makes modern linguistics different fromtraditional grammer?42.What is a free morpheme?What is a bound morpheme?And how are they different from each other?Model Test 4I.Directions:Read each of the following statementscarefully.Decide which one of the four choices be
42、stcompletes the statement and put the letter A,B,C orD in the brackets.(2%X 10=20%)1.()According to F.de S a u s s u r e,r e f e r sto the abstract linguistic system shared by allthe members of a speech community.A.parole B.performanceC.langue D.language2.()Acoustic phoneticians try to describe thep
43、roperties of the stream of soundswhich a speaker issues.A.oral B.mentalC.physical D.recorded3.()Natural languages are viewed to vary accordingto set on UG principles to particularvalues.A.principles B.rulesC.parameters D.theories4.()In the following four c h o i c e s,i s apair of homophone.A.sight
44、and site B.lead(n.)and lead(v.)C.wind(n.)and wind(v.)D.blueand blown5.()Sense and reference are two relateddifferent aspects of meaning.A.but B.andC.or D.as well as6.()The superordinate term of the group of words“love,anger,happiness,sadness,fear,emotion,i s.A.fear B.angerC.love D.emotion7.()beg you
45、 not to say anything like that to Mary.is a.A.representative B.directiveC.commissive D.declaration8.()Semantic is a process in which a wordloses its former meaning and requires a new,sometimes related,meaning.A.broadening B.shiftC.narrowing D.change9.()A is a variety of language that servesas a medi
46、um of communication among groups ofpeople for diverse linguistic backgrounds.A.lingua franca B.pidginC.creole D.national language10.()Linguistic is the brain，sneurological specialization for language.A.determinism B.relativismC.competencelateralizationD.II.Directions:Fill in the blanks in each of th
47、efollowing statements with one word,the first letterof which is already given as a clue.Note that you areto fill in ONE word only,and you are not allowed tochange the letter given.(1%X 10=10%)11.An English speaker and Chinese speaker are both ableto use a language,but they are not mutuallyintelligib
48、le.This is a case of ctransmission.12.C distribution means that the allophonesof the same phoneme always occur in different phoneticenvironments.13.Affixes like“im-”，“il-”，“un-”，“-tion”，-or”,-hood”，are called d affixes.14.The two clauses in a complex sentence hold unequalstatus,one s the other.15.Co
49、mponent!al analysis is based on the belief that themeaning of a word can be dissected into meaningcomponents called s features.16.The various meanings of a p word are relatedto some degree.17.M English began with the arrival of theNorman French invaders in England in 1066.18.C may take place in a co
50、nversation when onespeaker uses one language and the other speakeranswers in a different language.19.For the vast majority of children,languagedevelopment occurs spontaneously and requires littleconscious i on the part of adults.20.The preschool years are a c period for firstlanguage acquisition.Ill