英语语言学试题.pdf

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1、英语语言学试题B卷及答案（III.Read each of the following statements carefully.Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the corresponding letter A，B，C or D in the brackets.（1%20=20%）1)The study of language at one point of time is a _ study.A.synchronic B.historic C.diachronic D.de

2、scriptive 2）Synonyms are classified into several kinds.The kind to which“fall”and“autumn”belong is called _ synonyms.A.stylistic B.dialectal C.emotive D.collocational 3)The sentence“John likes ice-cream”contains _ arguments.A.one B.two C.none D.three 4)Semantics can be defined as the study of _.A.na

3、ming B.meaning C.communication D.context 5)Once the notion of _ was taken into consideration，semantics spilled into pragmatics.A.meaning B.context C.form D.content 6)Of the three speech acts，linguists are most interested in the _.A.locutionary act B.perlocutionary act C.illocutionary act D.none of t

4、he above 7)Most of the violations of the maxims of the Cooperative Principle give rise to _.A.utterance meaning B.speech act theory C.conversational implicatures D.none of the above 8)The significance of Grices CP lies in that it explains how it is possible for the speaker to convey _ is literally s

5、aid.A.more than B.less than C.the same as D.none of the above 9)The goal of _ is to explore the nature of language variation and language use among a variety of speech communities and different social situations.A.psycholinguistics B.sociolinguistics C.historical linguistics D.general linguistics 10

6、)Black English has a number of distinctive features in its phonological，morphological and syntactic systems which are _.A.rule-governed B.systematic C.arbitrary D.both A and B 11）As modern linguistics aims to describe and analyze the language people actually use，and not to lay down rules for correct

7、 linguistic behavior，it is said to be _.A.prescriptive B.sociolinguistic C.descriptive D.psycholinguistic 12)Language is a system of arbitrary _ symbols used for human communication.A.cultural B.conventional C.decoded D.vocal 13)A word with several meanings is called _.A.an abnormal word B.a polysem

8、ous word C.a synonymous word D.none of the above 14)There are different types of affixes or morphemes.The affix“ed”in the word“learned”is known as a（n）_.A.derivational morpheme B.free morpheme C.inflectional morpheme D.free form 15)The syntactic rules of any language are _ in number.A.large B.small

9、C.finite D.infinite 16)“I bought some roses”_“I bought some flowers”.A.entails B.presupposes 唇齿音 C.is inconsistent with D.is synonymous with 17）The phrase“boys and girls”belongs to the _ construction.A.predicate B.endocentric C.subordinate D.exocentric 18)Can I borrow your bike？_ You have a bike.A.i

10、s synonymous with B.is inconsistent with C.entails D.presupposes 19）Of all the speech organs，the _ is/are the most flexible.A.mouth B.lips C.tongue D.vocal cords 20）Chomsky uses the term _ to refer to the actual realization of a language user s knowledge of the rules of his language in linguistic co

11、mmunication.A.langue B.competence C.parole D.performance IV.Decide whether each of the following statements is true or false：（1%15=15%）1)Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication.2)The writing system of a language is always a later invention used to record speech；t

12、hus there are still many languages in todays world that can only be spoken，but not written.3)The open-class words include prepositions.4)In classifying the English consonants and vowels，the same criteria can be applied.5)According to semantic triangle，there is no direct link between a symbol and ref

13、erent，i.e.between a word and a thing it refers to.6)Syntactic categories refer to sentences（S）and clauses（C）only.7)By synchrony we mean to study language change and development.8)The IC analysis is not able to analyze split verbs like“do sb.in”.9)The relationship of“flower”，“violet”，“rose”and“tulip”

14、is hyponymy.10)A syllable without a coda is a closed syllable.11)Parole refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community.12)Phonology is a branch of linguistics which studied the sentences patterns of a language.13)Human capacity for language has a genetic bas

15、is，i.e.we are all born with the ability to acquire language and the details of a language system are genetically transmitted.14)Only words of the same parts of speech can be combined to form compounds.15)Sentences are strings of words put together in a random order.V.Fill in the blank in each of the

16、 following statements with one word，the first letter of which is already given as a clue.Note that you are to fill in 唇齿音ONE word only，and you are not allowed to change the letter given.（1%10=10%）1)The modern linguistics is d_，not prescriptive，and its investigations are based on authentic and mainly

17、 spoken language data.2)M_ is the smallest meaningful unit of language.3)Langue refers to the language system shared by a community of speaker while p_ contrastd with langue is the concrete act of speaking in actual situations by an individual speaker.4)The transformational component has transformat

18、ional rules，which change the deep structures generated by the phrase structure component into s_ structure.5)In semantic triangle，the relation between a word and a thing it refers to is not direct，and it is mediated by c_.6)H.Sweet made a distinction between narrow and b_ transcription.7)In the coop

19、erative principle，Grice introduced four categories of maxims.They are maxim of quality，maxim of quatity，maxim of r_ and maxim of manner.8)The strong version of Sapir-Whorf hopothesis is that language d_s our thinking pattern.9)There are two major approaches to error analysis：c_ and non-contrastive a

20、nalysis.10)P_ is the study of language in use.VI.The following two are ambiguous in their meanings.Give your understanding of the different meanings of each expression.（2.5%2=5%）1)Smoking cigar is very harmful.2)The boy saw the man with the telescope.VII.Answer the following questions in English.（4%

21、5=20%）1)What are the four maxims under the cooperative principle？2)What are the design features of language？3)What are the differences between modern linguistics and traditional grammar？4)Why do we say that a meaning of a sentence is not the sum total of the meanings of all its components？5)What do

22、you know about linguistics.参考答案 III.Read each of the following statements carefully.Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A，B，C or D in the brackets.（1%20=20%）1-5 ABBBB 6-10 CCABD 11-15 CDBCC 16-20 ABDCD IV.Decide whether each of the following statement

23、s is true or false：（1%15=15%）1）-5）：TTFFT 6）-10）：FFTTF 11）-15）：FFFFF V.Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word，the first letter of which is already given as a clue.（1%10=10%）唇齿音 1）descriptive 2）Morpheme 3）parole 4）surface 5）concept 6）broad 7）relation 8）determines 9）contras

24、tive 10）Pragmatics VI.The following two sentences are ambiguous in their meanings.Give your understanding of the different meanings of each sentence.（2.5%2=5%）1）The cigar that is smoking is very harmful.The act of smoking the cigar is very harmful.2）The boy saw the man who had a telescope.Using the

25、telescope，the boy saw the man.VII.Answer the following questions in English.（4%5=20%）1）A.The maxim of quantity 1.Make your contribution as informative as required（for the current purpose of the exchange）.2.Do not make your contribution more informative than is required.B.The maxim of quality 1.Do no

26、t say what you believe to be false.2.Do not say that for which you lack adequate evidence.C.The maxim of relation Be relevant.D.The maxim of manner 1.Avoid obscurity of expression.2.Avoid ambiguity.3.Be brief（avoid unnecessary prolixity）.4.Be orderly.2）Arbitrariness；Productivity；Duality；Displacement

27、；Cultural transmission；3）A.Linguistics is descriptive，not prescriptive B.Linguistics regards the spoken language as primary，not the written.C.Linguistics differs from traditional grammar in that it does not force languages into a Latin-based framework.4）The meaning of a sentence is not the sum total

28、 of the meanings of all its components because it cannot be worked out by adding up all the meanings of its constituent words.For example；（A）The dog bit the man.（B）The man bit the dog.If the meaning of a sentence were the sum total of the meanings of all its components，then the above two sentences w

29、ould have the same meaning.In fact they are different in meanings.As we know，there are two aspects to sentence meaning：grammatical mean-ing and semantic meaning.The grammatical meanings of“the dog”and“the man”in（A）are different from the grammatical meanings of“the dog”and“the man”in（B）.The meaning o

30、f a sentence is the product of both lexical and grammatical meaning.It is the product of the meaning of the constituent words and of the grammatical constructions that relate one word syntagmatically to another.英语语言学试题 A卷及答案（I.Define the following linguistic terms：（2%10=20%）唇齿音 1）duality 2）displacem

31、ent 3）phonology 4）morphology 5）concord 6）endocentric construction 7）hyponymy 8）pragmatics 9）illocutionary force 10)error analysis II.Translation（0.5%20=10%）Translate the following terms into Chinese：（0.5%10=5%）1）affricate 2）distinctive feature 3）parole 4）generative grammar 5）bilingualism 6）felicity

32、condition 7）design feature 8）denotation 9）labiodental 10）linguistic relativity Translate the following terms into English：（0.5%10=5%）11）人际功能 12）真值条件 13）女性语域 14）音节划分 15）结构主义 16）社会语言学 17）论元 18）单元音 19）衔接 20）对比分析 III.Read each of the following statements carefully.Decide which one of the four choices be

33、st completes the statement and put the corresponding letter A，B，C or D on the answer sheet.（1%20=20%）1）.language is a system of arbitrary _ symbols used for human communication.A.cultural B.conventional C.decoded D.vocal 2）.A word with several meanings is called _.A.an abnormal word B.a polysemous w

34、ord C.a synonymous word D.none of the above 3）.There are different types of affixes or morphemes.The affix“ed”in the word“learned”is known as a（n）_.A.derivational morpheme B.free morpheme C.inflectional morpheme D.free form 4）.The syntactic rules of any language are _ in number.A.large B.small C.fin

35、ite D.infinite 5）.“I picked some tulips.”_“I picked some flowers.”.A.entails B.presupposes 唇齿音 C.is inconsistent with D.is synonymous with 6）.Ys utterance in the following conversation exchange violates the maxim of _.X：Who was that you were with last night？Y：Did you know that you were wearing odd s

36、ocks？A.quality B.quantity C.relation D.manner 7）“Can I borrow your bike？”_“You have a bike.”A.is synonymous with B.is inconsistent with C.entails D.presupposes 8）The study of language at one point of time is a _ study.A.synchronic B.historic C.diachronic D.descriptive 9）Which of the following is a t

37、ypical tone language？A.English B.Chinese C.French D.All of the above 10）Two allophones of the same phoneme are said to be in _.A.phonemic contrast B.complementary distribution C.minimal pair D.none of the above 11）In terms of the place of articulation，the following sounds tdszn share the feature of

38、_.A.palatal B.alveolar C.bilabial D.dental 12）Transformational Generative Grammar was introduced by _ in 1957.A.L.Bloomfield B.N.Chomsky C.F.Saussure D.M.A.K.Halliday 13）Which of the following is a correct description of reference？A.a relationship between an expression and other expressions which ha

39、ve the same meaning B.the set of all objects which can potentially be referred to by an expression C.a relationship between a particular object in the world and an expression used in an utterance to pick out that object D.an intra-linguistic relationship between lexical items 14）What is function of

40、the sentence“How do you do？A.Directive B.Phatic C.Informative D.Evocative 15）In the following sounds，_is a central vowel.唇齿音 A./?/B./u/C./?/D./16）Which of the following languages has the syllabic writing system？A.Chinese B.Japanese C.English D.French 17）Which description of the meaning components of

41、 the word“father”is right？A.+human，+adult，-male B.+human，-adult，+male C.human，+adult，-male D.+human，+adult，+male 18）Once the notion of _ was taken into consideration，semantics spilled into pragmatics.A.meaning B.context C.form D.content 19）Black English has a number of distinctive features in its ph

42、onological，morphological and syntactic systems which are _.A.rule-governed B.systematic C.arbitrary D.both A and B 20）“Hot dog”with the first syllable stressed means _.A.an overheated animal B.a kind of food C.a barking dog D.a dead dog IV.Decide whether each of the following statements is true or f

43、alse：（15 pts，1 point for each）Decide whether each of the following statements is true or false：（1%15=15%）1)Animal call systems are not genetically transmitted.2)According to N.Chomsky，“competence”is the actual realization of his knowledge in utterance.3)A syllable without a coda is a closed syllable

44、.4)Parole refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community.5)Phonology is a branch of linguistics which studies the sentences patterns of a language.6)Languages differ in their selection of contrastive sounds.7)The English spelling exactly represents its pronu

45、nciation.8)Constituents that can be substituted for one another with loss of grammaticality belong to the same syntactic category.9)According to semantic triangle，there is no direct link between a symbol and referent，i.e.between a word and a thing it refers to.10)A referring expression can be used t

46、o refer to nonexistent things.唇齿音11)All the grammatically well-formed sentences are semantically well-formed.12)Pragmatics studies the aspect of meaning that is not accounted for by semantics.13)An illocutionary act is the consequence of or the change brought about by the utterance.14)Social dialect

47、s，or sociolects，are varieties of language used by people belonging to particular social classes.15)The structural tests focus on the communicative and linguistic competence.V.Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word，the first letter of which is already given as a clue.Note

48、 that you are to fill in ONE word only，and you are not allowed to change the letter given.（1%10=10%）1)The three branches of phonetics are labeled as a_ phonetics，auditory phonetics and acoustic phonetics respectively.2)One general principle of linguistic analysis is the primacy of speech over w_.3)S

49、_ studies the sentence structure of language.4)C_ analyis is based upon the belief that the mesning of a word can be divided into meaning components.5)The noun“tear”and the verb“tear”are h_.6)H.Sweet made a distinction between narrow and b_ transcription.7)Lingistics found that it would be impossibl

50、e to give an adequate description of meaning if the c_ of langauge use was left unconsidered.8)Interchangeability means that any human being can be both a producer and a _of messages.9)Language may determine our thinking pattern and similarity between languages is relative，the greater their structur