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1、2023年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试模拟试卷（一）英语本试卷由听力、阅读、语言运用、写作四部分组成。试卷满分150分，考试时间为120分钟,共8页。注意事项:L答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2 .作答时，务必将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷及草稿纸上无效。3 .考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题，每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.
2、 What does the man offer the woman?A. A raincoat. B. A ride. C. An umbrella.2. Where did the woman go?A. Nowhere. B. The doctors C. The railway station.3. Which of the following satisfies the man?A. The kitchen. B. The bedroom. C. The bathroom.4. What is the weather like?A. Freezing and wet. B. Sunn
3、y and warm. C. Sunny but windy.5. What is the woman looking for?A. A nice magazine. B. A shopping list. C. A good movie.第二节（共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中 选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6至8题。6. What is the woman
4、 going to do?A. Prepare lunch. B. Have a party. C. Go to a friends，7. What does the woman still need?消费信贷专门企Money的专家们最近发布了有史以来第一个“月球按揭”指南。该指南显示：在月球表面 生活每月的费用为32万5067美元；月球上第一个功能齐全的房子将是48,454,063美元；月球上最理想的位 置一一“雨海”被认为是完美的家庭郊区。【12题详解】词句猜测题。根据第一段第一句 NASA is making preparation to send a crew to the moon
5、who will explore the lunar surface with the hopes of constructing a stable habitat .（美国宇航局正在准备向月球发射一组宇航员,他们 将探索月球表面，希望建立一个稳定的栖息地。）”和划线单词前“when humans will （人类将何时）”和 划线单词后the natural satellite （这个自然的星球）”可知,colonize意为“（人类）（在月球上）居住、 生活”。故选B项。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后两句 The most efficient way to generate,
6、electricity on the moon is to buy a small nuclear reactor costing $1.3 billion,“ Money shares in the study. Alternatively, 34 solar panels would generate enough electricity to run one house and cost only $23,616 in comparison.（最有效的生成方式。月 球上 的电力是为了购买一个小型核反应堆，成本为13亿美元。“或者，34块太阳能电池板可以产生足够一所 房子使用的电力，相比之
7、下，成本仅为23616美元。）”可知，与核反应堆相比，太阳能电池板发电成本 更低。故选D项。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段 “The guide also reveals the most ideal locations on the moon, with “Sea of Rains” being deemed the perfect family suburb”this region sits at the north and is one of the largest impact craters in the Solar System.（该指南还揭示了月球上最理想的位置，其中“雨
8、海”被认为是“完美的家庭郊区”这 个区域位于北部，是太阳系中最大的撞击坑之一。）”可知，更适合建造房子的是深洞（坑）。故选C项。 【15题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文尤其第一段第一句NASA is making preparation to send a crew to the moon who will explore the lunar surface with the hopes of constructing a stable habitat.（美国宇航局正在准备向月球发射一组宇 航员，他们将探索月球表面，希望建立一个稳定的栖息地。）和第六段The idea of living on t
9、he moon may sound like an exciting life, but those brave enough to take the leap have to consider the “lunar lifestyle that comes with it.（在月球上生活的想法听起来可能是一种令人兴奋的生活，但那些有勇气迈出这一步的人必须 考虑随之而来的“月球生活方式。）”可知，文章介绍了美国航天局计划在月球建立人类栖息地、Money 公司做出的生活在月球所需的花费、最佳居住地点的推测等。A项“生活在月球上”作为标题，能概括全 文。故选A项。第二节（共5小题;每小题2.5分，
10、满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Covid-19 and Climate ChangeThe World Health Organization officially declared a pandemic on 11 March 2020. This began a sudden drop in human activity, as much of the world went into lockdown and factories stopped operating, cars kept their engines off
11、 and planes were grounded. 16 Here are three things climate scientists learned.Climate science can operate in real time.The pandemic made scientists think about how to monitor greenhouse gas emissions-carbon dioxide in particular-in real time. 17 In other words, if we knew what the emissions were fr
12、om various economic sectors or countries before the pandemic, and we knew by how much activity had fallen, we could assume that their emissions had fallen by the same amount.No dramatic effects on climate change happen.18 Despite the clear and quiet skies, researchers found that lockdown actually ha
13、d a slight warming effect in spring 2020. Looking further ahead to 2030, simple models have estimated that global temperatures will only be around 0.01 lower as a result of Covid-19.19We need to find ways to reduce emissions without the economic and social impacts of lockdown. Scientists have estima
14、ted that investing just 1.2% of global GDP in economic recovery packages could mean the difference between keeping global temperature rise below 1.5%, and a future where we are facing much more severe impactsand higher costs. It9s essential that strong climate action is integrated into future invest
15、ments. 20 A. There have been many changes.8. This isnt a plan fbr climate action.9. The risks may seem high, but the potential rewards are far higher.10. They used information on lockdown as a mirror for global emissions.11. This period has brought some entirely new and sometimes unexpected insights
16、.12. Unfortunately, green investment is not being made at anything like the level needed.13. In the long term, the pandemic will have less effect on efforts to tackle climate change.【答案】16.E17. D 18. G 19. B 20. C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了疫情期间的气候变化问题和三个不同的见解。【16题详解】根据上文 “The World Health Organization o
17、fficially declared a pandemic on 11 March 2020. This began a sudden drop in human activity, as much of the world went into lockdown and factories stopped operating, cars kept their engines off and planes were grounded.（世界卫生组织于2020年3月11日正式宣布大流行。这导致人类活动 突然下降，因为世界大部分地区进入封锁状态，工厂停止运营，汽车关闭引擎，飞机停飞）”以及后文“He
18、re are three things climate scientists learned.（以下是气候科学家们了解到的三件事）”可知，上文提到疫 情的发生，后文则说“以下是气候科学家们了解到的三件事”，可知本句为过渡句，指出疫情期间有了新 的见解。故E选项“这一时期带来了一些全新的，有时是意想不到的见解”符合语境，故选E。【17题详解】根据上文 “The pandemic made scientists think about how to monitor greenhouse gas emissions-carbon dioxide in particularin real time.（
19、疫情促使科学家考虑如何实时监测温室气体排放，特别是二氧化碳排放）”可知，本 句主要说明科学家是如何检测温室气体排放的，故D选项“他们利用封锁的信息作为全球排放的镜子”符 合语境，故选D。【18题详解】根据后文 uDespite the clear and quiet skies, researchers found that lockdown actually had a slight warming effect in spring 2020. Looking further ahead to 2030, simple models have estimated that global te
20、mperatures will only be around 0.01 lower as a result of Covid-19.（尽管天空晴朗宁静，但研究人员发现，封锁实际上在2020年春 季产生了轻微的变暖效应。展望2030年,简单模型估计，由于Covid-19,全球气温只会降低0.01C左 右）”可知，后文提到封锁实际上在2020年春季产生了轻微的变暖效应，说明疫情对气候变化的影响较 小。故G选项“从长远来看，疫情对应对气候变化的影响较小”符合语境，故选G。【19题详解】根据后文 “We need to find ways to reduce emissions without the
21、 economic and social impacts of lockdown.Scientists have estimated that investing just 1.2% of global GDP in economic recovery packages could mean the difference between keeping global temperature rise below 1.5%, and a future where we are facing much more severe impacts-and higher costs. Its essent
22、ial that strong climate action is integrated into future investments.（我 们需要找到在不受封锁经济和社会影响的情况下减排的方法。科学家们估计，仅将1.2%的全球GDP投资 于经济复苏计划，可能意味着将全球气温上升控制在1.5%以下，与我们面临更严重影响和更高成本的未来 之间的差异。将强有力的气候行动纳入未来的投资至关重要）”可知，后文提到了 “将强有力的气候行动纳 入未来的投资至关重要”，可见主要是一个经济投资计划，而不是气候行动计划。故B选项“这不是一个 气候行动计划”符合语境，故选B。【20题详解】根据上文 “Its e
23、ssential that strong climate action is integrated into future investments.（将强有力的气候行动纳入未来的投资至关重要）”可知，本句为本段最后一句，应对上文的做法进行评价：风险可能看起来很高, 但潜在的回报要高得多。故C选项“风险可能看起来很高，但潜在的回报要高得多”符合语境，故选C。第三部分言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。If youre the inspiration for a world-clas
24、s athlete, you must be doing something right. For ultramarathoner （超级马拉松运动员）Harvey Lewis, that drive to run came from a local man whos been on the 21 for more than six decades.A longtime runner at 99 years old, Mike Fremont is still 22 the pavement five miles at a time, three times a week, offering
25、23 to friends and strangers alike.Fremont 24 running in 1958. He began running to relieve the 25 of being a single father of three young children.In 2013 Fremont finished the Knoxville Half Marathon in 3:03:56 at the age of 91.“The hills were horrendous （可怕的）J Fremont 26, but added that he felt fine
26、 throughout the race.For the past 46 years, Fremont has been running through Sharon Woods, a local county park. He has made dozens of friends at the park throughout the years so many, 27、that he decided to cut down the distance of hisruns last year.“I decided when I was 98 that it was taking me too
27、28 to do 10 miles with all the people I see and stop,“ Fremont said.Fremont 29 his longevity to healthy lifestyle and 30 of stress in his life.Training is 31 J he said, “but when you get to be my age, youre not going to be able to train at all32 your body holds up. I 33 cannot overemphasize the impo
28、rtance of living a healthyWhen hes not running, its competitive canoeing with friends. A 34 age of 178 in that one canoe.“I love my said Fremont. Its 3521. A. roadB. moveC. teamD. stage22. A. runningB. walkingC.poundingD. jogging23. A. disappointmentB. admirationC. excitementD. inspiration24. A. too
29、k upB. took downC. took inD. took out25. A. feelingB. stressC. emotionD. fear26. A. recalledB. recognizedC. respondedD. reminded27. A. in the endB. as a resultC. after allD. in fact28. A. old29. A. distributesB. longB. constitutesC. farC. substitutesD. highD. attributes30. A. lack31. A. funny32. A.
30、though33. A. roughly34. A. growing35. A. wonderful【答案】21.B 22.CB. presenceB. meaninglessB. becauseB. simplyB. sharedB. miserable23. D 24. AC. burdenC. importantC. unlessC. trulyC. combinedC. comfortable25. B 26. A 27. DD. existenceD. dangerousD. whereD. generallyD. amazingD. desperate28. B 29. D 30.
31、 A 31.C 32. C 33. B 34. C 35. A【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了超级马拉松运动员Harvey Lewis的灵感来源：99岁的长跑健将Mike Fremont个已经跑了 60多年的当地人。21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：对于超级马拉松运动员Harvey Lewis （超级马拉松运动员）来说，跑步的动力来 自于一个已经进行了 60多年的当地人。A. road路；B.move移动；C.team团队；D. stage阶段，舞台。根 据后文 “In 2013 Fremont finished the Knoxville Half Marathon in 3:0
32、3:56 at the age of 91.” 可知，Fremont 已 经跑步跑了 60多年。on the move表示“在活动中，在进行中”。故选B项。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：99岁的Mike Fremont长跑健将，每周跑三次，每次跑5英里，给朋友和陌生人 带来灵感。A. running跑步；B. walking走路；C. pounding脚步声沉重地走（跑）；D. jogging慢跑。根据空 后的宾语pavement “硬路面”可知和pound搭配,pound the pavement表示“跑步”。故选C项。【23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：99岁的Fremont长跑
33、健将，每周跑三次，每次跑5英里，给朋友和陌生人带来 灵感。A. disappointment 失望;B. admiration 羡慕;C. excitement 兴奋;D. inspiration 灵感。根据上文 “If youre the inspiration for a world-class athlete, you must be doing something right.v和 u For ultramarathoner （超 级马拉松运动员）Harvey Lewis, that drive to run came from a local man ” 可知，Fremont 给另i
34、j 人带来 了 灵感。 故选D项。【24题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：1958年，Fremont开始跑步。作为三个孩子的单身父亲，他开始跑步以缓解压 力。A. took up开始从事；B. took down记下；C.took in吸收，理解；D. took out取出。根据后文“Hebegan running”可知，Fremont在1958年开始跑步。故选A项。【25题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：1958年，Fremont开始跑步。作为三个孩子的单身父亲，他开始跑步以缓解压 力。A. feeling感觉；B. stress压力;C.emotion情感;D.fear恐惧。根据前文“reli
35、eve”和后文“ being a single father of three young children可知，他跑步是为了缓解压力。故选B项。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：“山是可怕的， Fremont回忆，但补充说，整个比赛他感觉很好。A. recalled 回忆；B. recognized 认出；C. responded 回应；D. reminded 提醒，使想起。根据前文 “The hills were horrendous v和后文uhe felt fine throughout the racev可知，这是他对比赛的回忆。故选A项。【27题详解】考查短语辨析。句意：多年来
36、，他在公园里交了几十个朋友，事实上，朋友太多了，他去年决定缩短他的 跑步距离。A. in the end 最终；B. as a result 结果;C. after all 毕竟；D.infact 事实上。后文 “ he decided to cut down the distance of his runs last year?与前文He has made dozens of friends v意义发生转折，in fact “其实”可以连接反义重复的转折信息。故选D项。【28题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“当我98岁的时候，我觉得在我看到的所有人面前跑10英里太耗时 了， Fremont
37、说。A. old老的，旧的；B. long长的；C.far远的；D.high高的。根据上文“he decided to cut down the distance of his runs”可知，Fremont认为10英里太长了，想要缩短跑步距离。故选B项。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Fremont把他的长寿归功于健康的生活方式和生活中没有压力。A. distributes分 布；B. constitutes 构成；C. substitutes 代替;D. attributes 把归因于。根据后文“his longevity to healthylifestyle可知他将长寿归功于健康
38、的生活方式。故选D项。【30题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：Fremont把他的长寿归功于健康的生活方式和生活中没有压力。A. lack缺乏；B. presence 出席，存在；C. burden 负担；D. existence 存在。根据前文 “He began running to relieve the 5 of being a single father of three young children.v以及 uhealthy lifestyle and ,可知，他长寿的秘密是健康的 生活方式和没有压力的生活。故选A项。【31题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“训练很重要，”他说，“但
39、当你到了我这个年纪，除非你的身体能撑得 住，否则你根本无法训练。 A. funny滑稽的;B. meaningless无意义的；C.important重要的;D.dangerous 危险的。根据后文“but when you get to be my age, youre not going to be able to train at all” 可知训 练非常重要。故选C项。【32题详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：“训练很重要，”他说，“但当你到了我这个年纪，除非你的身体能撑得住， 否则你根本无法训练。 A. though尽管；B.because因为；C.unless除非；D,where在的地
40、方。根据前文youe not going to be able to train at allv可知，后文 Uyour body holds upv是一个必要条件。故选 C 项。33题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：健康生活的重要性再怎么强调都不为过。A. roughly粗略地，大约；B. simply 只是，的确；C. truly 真地；D. generally 一般来说。后文 “cannot overemphasize the importance of living a healthy life”是一个不可否认的事实，simply cant .是常用的表达，意为“不能做某事”。故选B项。【
41、34题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：那只独木舟（上的人）加起来有178岁。A. growing增长的；B.shared分享 的，共有的；C. combined联合的，总和的；D.amazing令人吃惊的。根据前文“its competitive canoeing with friendsv和后文age of 178 in that one canoev可知,这些朋友的年龄总和为178。故选C项。【35题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“太棒了。 A. wonderful绝妙的；B. miserable痛苦的，糟糕的；C. comfortable舒适的；D.desperate绝望的，拼命的。根
42、据前文“I love my life”可知，Fremont热爱生活，觉 得生活很美好。故选A项。第二节（共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当 单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Do you suffer from bloating （肠胃胀气）or irritated bowels （拉月土子）when feeling stressed or anxious?36 so, youre not alone. Stress and anxiety are known to bring on gut （月力道）troubles.If you ever suffer f
43、rom stomach troubles during a 37 （stress） moment, this is because your anxiety levels are connected to your digestive system.“Theres 38 （evident） that the brain and the gut communicate with each other via numerous systems and do not function independently”, says Dr. Ashton Harper, a gut health speci
44、alist. Because of this interconnected relationship it means that if one system is disturbed, it 39 （result） in the other system being disturbed.”There are several things you can do 40 （reduce） the effects of anxiety and stress on your gut. The direct approach would be to identify the “stress trigger
45、“ and try to remove it, or alter its impact, from your daily life, where possible.For instance, Dr. Ashton suggests, you may get stressed by not being prepared for some activity like 41(give) a class presentation - make sure that you allow plenty of time to 42 (adequate) prepare and rehearse to prev
46、ent or reduce anxiety.Think about how you can calm your day from 43 beginning - walking some of the journey to school rather than all of it being spent on crowded subway or bus.If you feel 44 (you) getting stressed out with a task, take a mini-break from the activity by making a hot drink or writing
47、 a list of things you would like to do with your weekend before returning 45 your work.【答案】36. If 37. stressful38. evidence39. will result40. to reduce41. giving 42. adequately43. the 44. yourself45. to【解析】【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了如果你曾经在压力大的时候感到胃部不适，这是因为你的焦虑程 度与你的消化系统有关。最直接的缓解方法是找出“压力触发点”，并尽可能地将其从日常生活中移除或
48、 改变其影响，比如，对于一项任务，确保你有足够的时间做充分的准备，想想如何让你的一天从一开始就平 静下来，或者在紧张的任务执行过程中稍作休息。【36题详解】考查条件状语从句引导词。句意：如果是这样，你并不孤单。分析可知，“ 1_SO”为条件状语从句，“so” 指代前文出现的情况 “Do you suffer from bloating or irritated bowels when feeling stressed oranxious?(当你感到压力或焦虑时，你会感到腹胀或拉肚子吗?)，与主句构成肯定条件关系，用“if”引 导，置于句首，首字母大写。故填If。【37题详解】考查形容词。句意：如果你曾经在压力过大的时候患过胃病，这是因为你的焦虑程度与你的消化系统有 关。分析可知，所填应是形容词作定语，修饰空后名词“moment。“stress”，名词，意为“压力”， 其形容词形式为“stressful(