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1、. .Chapter 1 Passage 01Merchant ships are designed to carry cargo. Some are also designed to carry passengers. They can operate as liners. These are employed on regular routes on a fixed timetable. A list of their arrival and departure dates is published in advance and they sail whether full or not.
2、 Liners can be classed as either deep-sea liners or short-sea liners. The former carry mainly containerized cargo across the oceans of the world; the later carry containerized or conventional cargo on shorter routes. Ferries are also classed as liners. These offer a daily or weekly service for passe
3、ngers and vehicles across channels and narrow seas. A few ships are still employed as passenger liners. They not only carry passengers but also some cargo on routes from Europe to North America and to the Far East. Nowadays the passenger trade is very small and passenger liners usually operate as cr
4、uise ships for part of the year.001.The deep-sea liners _. A. carry mainly containerized cargo B. carry mainly conventional cargo C. offer a daily or weekly service for passengers and vehicles D. sail across channels and narrow seas.002.The Liners _. A. always sail full B. sail regularly even not fu
5、ll C. always sail in ballast D. will not sail if not full003.A list of the arrival and departure dates of liners _. A. will be published weekly B. will be published when they sail，whether full or not，from Europe to North America and to the Far East C. will not be published even they sail fully loade
6、d D. is published prior to their departure004.It is implied in the passage that _. A. the number of passenger ships is small B. all passenger ships will carry some cargo in near future C. it is not necessary for liners to sail in regular time D. container carriers should carry some passengersPassage
7、 02Nowadays，most merchant ships are built to carry cargoes. And they mainly operate as tramps. These vessels do not sail on regular routes or keep to a fixed timetable，but are employed where there is cargo for them to carry. Tramps can be classed as deep-sea tramps or short-sea tramps. A number are
8、classed as coasters. These ply on coastal routes and up rivers to inland ports. The traditional tramp cargoes are dry bulk cargoes，but some are designed to carry general cargoes.A large number of merchant ships operate as specialized vessels. These are designed to carry a particular type of cargo. T
9、here are several types of specialized vessel. The most common are oil tankers. They are owned by the major oil companies or by independent operators. Two other types of liquid bulk carrier of growing importance are chemical carriers and liquefied natural gas (LNG) carriers.005.The deep-sea tramps _.
10、 A. carry bulk and general cargo across the high seas B. are built to carry passengers C. are mainly coasters D. are specialized vessel006.The coasters _. A. always sail across the high seas B. commonly carry oil cargo C. are mainly tankers D. sail on coastal routes and up rivers to inland ports007.
11、The importance of LNG carriers _. A. is growing B. is not mentioned in passage C. is decreasing D. will be discussed further if necessary008.It is implied in the passage that _. A. the number of specialized vessels is not small B. all oil tankers will carry some chemicals in near future C. the tramp
12、s and specialized vessels are the basic type of merchant ships. D. container carriers should not be classed as trampsPassage 03Cargo ships can be divided into two basic types. One type carries dry cargo，the other carries liquid cargo; however，an OBO ship is designed to carry both. A traditional dry
13、cargo ship is the multi-deck vessel. Her holds are divided horizontally by one or two tween decks，because these make stowage of individual packages easier. Dry bulk cargo is carried in bulk carriers. These do not have tween decks as cargo is carried loose. The most modern type of dry cargo carrier i
14、s the container ship. They carry containers of standard dimensions，consequently stowage is easier. Fruit，meat and dairy produce are carried in refrigerated ships. Oil tankers are the most common type of liquid cargo carrier. They are often very large，because huge quantities of oil need to be transpo
15、rted and one large vessel is more economical to operate than two smaller ones. Two other types of liquid bulk carrier of growing importance are the liquefied natural gas (LNG) carrier and the chemical carrier，although chemical can also be carried in drums in general cargo ships.009.There are _ types
16、 of liquid bulk carrier. A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5010.A multi-deck vessel has _ tween decks. A. has many B. no C. only one D. has up to two011.Fruit，meat and dairy produce are carried in_. A. containers carriers B. traditional ships C. OBO ships D. refrigerated ships012.The types of dry cargo carriers men
17、tioned in the passage are _. A. tween deckers，OBO ships B. traditional dry cargo ship and multi-deck vessel C. OBO ships，oil tankers，chemical tankers and LNG carriers D. dry cargo ship，dry bulk cargo carrier，container carriers and refrigerated shipsPassage 04The axial thrust of the propeller is the
18、force working in a fore and aft direction. This force causes the ship to move ahead through the water or to go astern. Because of her shape，a ship will move ahead through the water more easily than going astern.The transverse thrust is the sideways force of the propeller as it rotates. The transvers
19、e effect of the propeller blades at the top near the surface of the water is not strong enough to counteract the opposite effect of the lower blades. For right-handed propellers this cants the ships stern to starboard and her bow to port，when the ship is going ahead. The effect is small and can be c
20、orrected by the rudder. When the engines are put astern，the effect is the opposite and the stern cants to port. This effect is stronger and cannot easily be corrected. Vessels with left-handed propellers behave in the opposite way.013.The force that causes the ship to move ahead through the water or
21、 to go astern is known as_. A. axial thrust B. transverse thrust C. the transverse effect of the propeller blades at the top near the surface of the water D. the transverse effect of the lower blades of the propeller near the bottom of the water014.A left-handed propellers，when the ship is going ahe
22、ad，will cant ships stern to_. A. starboard B. port C. to move ahead D. move astern015.The transverse thrust of the propeller is stronger when the ship is_. A. going a stern B. going ahead C. stopped D. making no way through the water016.The transverse thrust of the propeller can mainly be overcome b
23、y _. A. the rudder B. the propeller itself C. the nautical instrument D. wind and tidePassage 05The Chief Officer，or First Mate as he is often called，is the Masters chief officer and head of the Deck Department. He is assisted by a Second Officer (Mate)，a Third Officer(Mate)，and sometimes a Fourth O
24、fficer(Mate). Several companies employ a First Officer as well as a Chief Officer. The Deck Department also includes a Boatswain (Bosun) and a Carpenter，both petty officers，and a number of ratings. These made up of Able Seamen (AB)，Ordinary Seamen (OS) and a middle grade known as Efficient Deck Hand
25、s (EDH). There are other grades of seamen. On some ships Navigating Cadets are carried for training purposes.The Chief Engineer is head of the Engine Department. He is assisted by a Second，Third，Fourth and sometimes Fifth Engineer. An Electrical Officer may also be carried. The engine room petty off
26、icers are the Storekeeper and Donkeyman. On tankers there is also a Pumpman. He is also a petty officer. The engine room ratings are Firemen and Greasers. There may also be Engineer Cadets.The Catering Department is under the Chief Steward. It is divided into a saloon and galley section. The former
27、is headed by the Second Steward，the latter by the Ships Cook. They are both usually petty officers. They are assisted by several stewards and cooks，and by a number of junior ratings.The Radio Department often consists of only one man: the Radio Officer. On ships where continuous radio watches are ke
28、pt there may be three radio officers: a Chief，Second and Third.017._ is not a petty officer. A. Boatswain B. Second Steward C. Radio Officer. D. Storekeeper018.EDH is rank which is higher than_. A. Second Steward B. AB C. OS D. Chief Engineer019.Storekeeper belong to _. A. Deck Dept B. Engine Dept C
29、. Catering Dept D. Radio Dept020.There are _ departments on bard a big ship according to the passage. A. two B. three C. four D. fivePassage 06While every effort is made to ensure that the data provided through the Notices to Mariners service is accurate，the user needs to be aware of the risks to co
30、rruption of data. It is important that the user should only use the data on suitable equipment and that，other applications should not be running on the users machine at the same time. Users should exercise their professional judgement in the use of data，and also consult the Mariners Handbook (NP100)
31、 for further details. The user needs to be aware that there is a possibility that data could be corrupted during transmission，or in the process of display or printing on the users equipment，or if converted to other software formats，and is accordingly advised that the UKHO cannot accept responsibilit
32、y for any such change，or any modifications or unauthorised changes，made by licensees，or other parties.021.The data may become corrupted in any of the following process except _. A. during transmission B. in the display or printing on the users equipment C. in converting to other software formats D.
33、in air mail delivery to the readers022.The use of the data is advised to consult _ for further details. A. Mariners Handbook B. Sailing Directions C. Guide to Port Entry D. Notices to Mariners023.Of the following items _ is not mentioned for which UKHO will accept no responsibility. A. change in the
34、 process of display or printing B. unauthorised changes made by licensees or other parties C. modifications made by licensees or other parties D. professional amendments024.It is implied that _. A. the data are incorrect B. the data are to be corrected intensively C. although the data are accurate e
35、nough，you are still advised to use it with caution D. not to use it if you have not enough time or proper equipment to effect necessary correctionPassage 07The container ship is different from the conventional type and is an innovation noted for easier handling and quicker turnover of cargoes. Cargo
36、es to be carried by this type of ship are pre-packed into containers before being loaded aboard the ship.Containers are sealed after being packed with cargoes. Made of metal or other durable materials，they are watertight after sealing and can therefore be stowed on deck whilst being carried. One of
37、the features of container ships is that some of the containers are usually stowed on deck.The container ship is becoming increasingly popular in trading circles，and the trend is that the tonnage thereof will grow at a faster pace in future.025.What does innovation in the first paragraph mean? _. A.
38、making changes B. the introduction of an antigenic substance into the body against a specific disease C. The act of introducing something new. D. revolution026.Containers are sealed after being packed with cargoes. A. filled B. loaded C. stuffed D. closed officially or under the supervision of notar
39、y public027.Of the following，_ is not the feature of the container ship? A. Some of the containers are usually stowed on deck. B. It is easy for handling and quick turnover of the cargo C. The container ship is becoming increasingly safer D. Cargoes are pre-packed into the container028.The tonnage o
40、f container ship is _. A. decreasing B. increasing C. remaining the same D. changingPassage 08Nautical charts are indispensable to mariners. They，however，are subject to frequent changes，such as those of navigational aids，of waterways due to the dredging and construction，of depths of water，and of rem
41、oval or appearance of wrecks. In order to keep up-to-date and reliable，nautical charts have to undergo correction. Changes of importance are generally promulgated by weekly edition of Notices to Mariners，which enable mariners to correct the charts by hand. If major changes make it impracticable to d
42、o so，the Notices will provide a reproduction of a small area，which is also called block，to be pasted onto the chart in its correct position.029.Nautical charts need correction because _. A. navigational aids are sometimes indispensable. B. there are always some mistakes C. wrecks may appear or be re
43、moved D. they could never be reprinted030.Correction to charts are made by crew members in accordance with _. A. Notices to Mariners B. Sailing Directions C. Guide to Port Entry D. Supplement031.In the passage，Blocks are _. A. large scale charts B. representations of charts C. reproductions of porti
44、ons of charts D. small scale charts032.The purpose of correction to charts is to _. A. keep them up-to-date B. make the charts brand-new C. keep the charts available to all mariners in the world D. keep the charts free from mistakesPassage 09Corrections to Sailing Directions are given in Section . T
45、hose in force at the end of the year are reprinted in the Annual Summary of Notices to Mariners. A list of corrections in force is published in Section of the Weekly Edition for the last week of each month.It is recommended that corrections be kept in a file with the latest list of corrections in force on top. The list should be consulted when using the parent book to see if any corrections affectin