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1、Uint711.Basic Listening PracticeScriptM:Now we have satellite and high-powered microscope,ifs easy to think weknow everything about the world;but we still dont understand El Nino.W:Right.Scientists all over the world over are even uncertain about the causeof the warm Pacific current that brings stor
2、ms or drought-the mysterious ElNino.Q:Which of the following is true according to the conversation?2.ScriptM:Everyone is talking about environmental problem:acid rain,the greenhouseeffect,holes in the ozone layer.We should think positively.What can we do toimprove things?W:I agree.We could do a lot
3、more to harness the suns energy for heating andlighting in our homes.In Japan 43,000 solar roofs were installed in 2002.Q:How do the man and the woman view the environment?3.ScriptW:We lived in Beijing some years ago.It was always difficult to keep the houseclean with wind from the north blowing san
4、d from the desert at us.M:Thafs why the Chinese government has been encouraging people to planttrees along the edges of the Gobi Desert.Now those trees act as wind barriers.Q:What did the government encourage people to do?4.ScriptM:Many old refrigerators and cars are environmental hazards because th
5、eycontain CFCs that destroy the ozone layer.W:Yes,but government or organizations are helping people to safely dispose ofold refrigerators or,in the case of cars,to upgrade their air conditioning.Q:What are government departments helping people to do?5.ScriptM:Hey,thafs an aerosol spray youre using
6、on your hair!Build a bomb or setfire to the apartment to kill us quickly instead of making holes in the ozone,sowe die of cancer.W:Cool it,man.This spray doesnt contain CFG s.And youd better read a littlemore.In 2003 the hole in the ozone layer shrank by 20 percent,so theres noreason to panic.Q:What
7、 does the man mean?Keys:1.B 2.D 3.A 4.A 5.CIII.Listening InTask 1:We should have proper respect for nature!ScriptMartha:Do you think most people in your culture respect nature?Ed:I think so.Umm.more now than before.Martha:What do you think is the most serious environment problem in theworld today?Ed
8、:Today.d think damage to the ozone layer is a big problem;and anotherproblem is pollution in big cities and things like that.Martha:How do you learn about environmental problems?Ed:Umm.through school.A lot of clubs promote environmental safely,andsome TV programs,too.They talk about environmental sa
9、fely and stuff like that.Martha:Do you think students should learn more about the environment atschool?Ed:I think so.So,as they grow older,they can be more aware of all theproblems that are going on.And also to prevent more problems from occurring.Martha:If you could create a new law to help the env
10、ironment,what would itbe?Ed:A new law for the environment?Umm.Jd probably say that whenpeople throw away their cigarette butts,they have to throw them into thegarbage bin,not just throw them everywhere because ifs just littering and Ihate that.So they should be fined if they throw them on the floor
11、on the ground.Martha:Thafs a good idea.What do you personally do to help protect theenvironment?Ed:r m so against littering.I never litter.If I see somebody litter,I getreally angry.So I always throw my trash into the garbage bin.While being interviewed by Martha,Ed said more people in his culture r
12、espectnature ever before.When asked about the most serious environmental problemin the world today,he mentioned the damaged ozone layer and the pollution inbig cities.Ed learned about environmental problem at school.A lot of clubs and some TVprograms promote environmental safely.He believes that stu
13、dents should learnmore about the environment at school.Then they can be more aware of all theproblems and prevent more problems from occurring.When asked about a new law he would like to create to help the environment,hesaid that when people throw away their cigarette butts,they have to throwthem in
14、 the garbage bin.They should be fined if they throw them on the floor.Personally,Ed is so set against littering that he never litters.He always throwshis trash into the garbage bin.Task 2:A Work Qualification TestScriptAccording to a report by Australian researchers,the hole in the ozone layer overA
15、ntarctica will probably start closing within five years.They say it may becompletely closed within fifty years.The ozone layer protects the Earth fromdangerous radiation from the sun.The hole in the ozone layer was discoveredover Antarctica almost thirty years ago.At the time,it was three times the
16、sizeof Australia.The report found that ozone-destroying gases in the upper atmosphere were ator near their highest levels in the year2000.But since then,there has beecontinuous progress made toward the recovery of the ozone layer.Satellite information showed that levels of ozone-destroying gases in
17、theatmosphere are slowly decreasing.At its largest this year,the ozone holecovered more than 15 million square kilometers.That is down from a yearlyaverage of 23 million square kilometers over the last six years.Chlorofluorocarbons,or CFCs,are responsible for destroying part of the ozonelayer over A
18、ntarctica.CFCs have been widely used since the1930s in coolingdevices such as refrigerators and air conditioners.CFCs remain in theatmosphere for years.Government scientist say the level of chlorine in the atmosphere is decreasingbecause of restrictions on the use of chlorofluorocarbons.The chemical
19、s wererestricted under an international agreement called the Montreal Protocol in1987.Under the Protocol,developing countries promoted to cut their use ofchlorofluorocarbons in half by the year 2005.They also agreed to an eighty-fivepercent cut by the year 2oo7.Keys:FTTFTFor ReferenceIt was three ti
20、mes the size of Australia.They promised to cut their use of CFCs in the half by 2005 and agreed to an 85percent cut by 2007.Task3:A Mild El NinoScriptThe El Nino weather condition has returned.However,official at the UnitedStates National Weather Service say El Nino is weaker than usual this year.El
21、Nino is a change in the atmosphere over the Pacific Ocean.It happens everyfour or five years.Normally,water temperatures in the western Pacific Ocean increase near theend of the year.This cause more rainfall in Indonesia,Australia and othernearby place.At the same time,cold ocean water cause less ra
22、infall in theeastern Pacific Ocean,near South America.The opposite happens during ElNino.Pacific Ocean temperatures increase near South America,causingunusually high amounts of rainfall there.In contrast,El Nino causes dryweather in Indonesia and Australia.A strong El Nino can severely affect the we
23、ather all over the world.The lastpowerful El Nino was in 1 997 and 1998.It caused major floods in many places.El Nino also led to extremely dry weather in some other areas.Reports say theweather caused the deaths of about 24,000 people.So experts say having a weaker El Nino this year is good news.Me
24、teorologistssay rainfall has been higher than usual in South America.The experts say theeffects of El Nino will begin to show in November in the United States.Thenorthern states may have a warmer winter.But,scientists say El Nino will notbe strong enough to prevent this years powerful storms in the
25、Atlantic Ocean.According to the passage,how often does El Nino happen?What normally happens in the western Pacific Ocean?What did the El Nino in 1997 and 1 998 cause?What is NOT mentioned as a result of this years El Nino?What is the central idea of the passage?Kes:1C2.A3.D 4.B 5.CFor ReferencePacif
26、ic Ocean temperatures increase near South America,causing unusuallyhigh level of rainfall there.Dry weather results in Australia.IV.Speaking OutMODEL 1 Our globe is in dangerJohn:How is your Grandma getting along during this usually hot weather?Nora:Over the last few years,Granny has been complainin
27、g that the hot,humid weather is killing her.She believes the weather has changed.John:What she means is the climates long-term conditions;weather refersonly to day-to-day conditions.Nora:Yeah,she says summer is hotter,and winter wetter.But I tried to comforther,saying,ulfs all in your mind,Granny.Jo
28、hn:Shes right,you know.The greenhouse effect does bring global warmingand rain.Nora:How can I explain global warming and greenhouse gases to a 97-year-oldGranny?John:Tell her the earth now is like a real greenhouse made of glass panels thatlet in light and trap heat.Nora:Think shell want to know tha
29、t carbon monoxide from earth makesgreenhouse gases?John:Everybody should know what cause global warming;otherwise we wontstop it.Nora:TH tell Granny not to burn any more wood or coal,or to use spray on thehair.John:OK,joke about it,but it wont be so funny when the polar icecaps melt andoceans rise.N
30、ow Your TurnSAMPLE DIALOGA:How are you getting along during this usually hot weather?B:Not well at all.Over the last few weeks the hot,humid weather is killing me.I believe the climate has changed.A:Yeah,the summer is hotter,and winter wetter.B:Do you know why all this has happened?A:The greenhouse
31、effects bring global warming and rain.B:What do you mean by greenhouse effects?A:The earth is now like a real greenhouse made of glass panels that let light inand trap heat.You know,carbon monoxide from earth is a greenhouse gas.B:I see.Everybody should know what cause global warming;otherwise wewon
32、t stop it.A:The important thing is that human beings should take steps to reduce globalwarming.B:What can we do then?Perhaps we should not burn any more wood or coal.A:Right.Also we should try to produce less CFCs or Freon.B:How can we achieve that?A:Dont use aerosol spray on your hair,and depend le
33、ss on air-conditioners andrefrigerators.B:But ifs hard to give up all this.A:But we must take action before polar icecaps melt and oceans rise.MODEL2 Rainforests will soon be only a memory.ScriptSusan:Hey,Chris,there is an environmental group on campus asking fordonations to save the rainforests.Chr
34、is:So what?Susan:So what?!Dont you want to save the rainforests?Chris:But there!re no rainforests in our country.They need hot,tropicalclimates.Susan:Come on.A rain forest is any forest where heavy rainfall leads to densevegetation.Tropical rainforests can be found in hoe,tropical areas,but thereare
35、 also cool rainforests,including one in southeast Alaska.Chris:How did you know that?Susan:Well,Tve just read a book on rainforests.You know,140nillion peoplelive in the worlds rainforests,and 35 percent of the worlds plant and animalspecies exist only in rainforests.Chris:Wow,Im impressed.So what e
36、lse have you learned?Susan:Most of the worlds rainforests are in danger of destruction by loggers,farmers and developers.They are disappearing at a rate of 1000 acres a minute!Chris:Ifs terrible!Susan:Yeah,weve got to find a way to save them.Now would you like to givea donation?Chris:Sure.Now Your T
37、urnSAMPLE DIALOGA:Most of the worlds rainforests are in danger of destruction by loggers,farmers and developers.They are disappearing at a rate of 100 acres a minute!B:What a tragedy!,Many of the worlds plant and animal species exist only inrainforests.A:We really need to save the beautiful forests.
38、B:Yeah,weve got to find a way to save them.A:Do you know our mayor is making a call to plant trees?B:Yeah,we do have to plant more trees.I hear China doesnt have a lot offorests compared with many countries.A:Thafs true.Tve just read an article about afforestation.Chinas forestcoverage rate was 18.2
39、1 percent last yea,ranking only 130th in the world.B:No wonder we have to plat more trees.A:Dont lose heart.Progress has been remarkable.In 2000 the rate was just16.55 percent.B:Any other good news?A:China has stepped up its tree-planting efforts.Now its the worlds No.1planter of trees.B:Wow,Im impr
40、essed.MODELS What a terrible sandstorm!ScriptSusan:Hey,John.Youre back.A few days ago,a big sandstorm hit our cityJohn:Oh,thafs bad.Susan:The air was full of dirt and sand and dust.I had to wear a scarf aroundmy head.John:The dust,as I know,comes from Mongolia.And from my reading inscience,Tve heard
41、 the dust often comes after a long period of drought.Susan:This is a serious problem in many parts of the world,and unfortunatelyour city is one of them.John:And if the drought continues,the soil is easily airborne.And then if thewind comes,the soil can be lifted up on the cold are that rises up,and
42、 it cantravel very long distances.Susan:Normally,when theres a wind,it can clear the air,and you havebeautiful weather.But when the dust is brought in with the wind,then you cantbreathe,you cant see well,and ifs dangerous for driving,or for walking.John:Yeah.You know,when the dust is lifted up it ca
43、n go as high 3,000 meters.And its not just China that has problems,but many other countries.Forexample,the middle of Australia sometimes has dust storms,and some of thedust goes up very high,goes across the ocean,and falls down on New Zealand.Susan:Not a very nice neighbor.John:Is there a solution t
44、o the problem?Susan:We need to plant more trees and grass so that the soil can stay where itis.John:No wonder the government is launching a new afforestation program in abid t address the environmental problem.Now Your TurnSAMPLE DIALOGA:Im so glad to be back home,again.Oh,what a clear blue sky!B:Ye
45、s,the wind has cleared the air.I hope you still remember the situation acouple of years age;that is,when you were here.Each spring a big sandstormstruck our city.A:Oh,that was bad.That air was filled with sand and dust.I had to wear a scarfaround my head.B:I had to cover my mouth and nose with a han
46、dkerchief.And facial makes soldwell.The dust came from the north,and it often rose after a long dry spell.A:If the drought continued,the soil was easily airborne.And when the windcame,the soil was swept up on the cold air,and it could travel very longdistances.B:When the dust was brought in with the
47、 wind,we could hardly breathe,wecouldnt see well,and it was dangerous for driving.A:How did your town solve the problem?B:Not only our town.In fact,people in the whole province planted a lot of treesand grass so that the soil would stay where it is.A:I see.The government launched an afforestation pr
48、oject to deal with thesandstorm.The green shelter belt is playing a role.V.Lefs TalkScriptLi:Hi Professor Wang,Im Li Lin,a correspondent from the UniversityNewspaper.The staff and students here are getting more and more interestedin the relationship between the environment and development.What do yo
49、uthink is the most serious environmental problem at present?What measuresshould we adopt to improve the environment and develop the economy at thesame time?Wang:There are many environmental problems:air pollution,water pollution,desertification,over-fishing,destruction of natural habitats,acid train
50、,over-consumption of wild animals and plants,etc.But lying at the center of allthose problems,as I see it,is the contradiction between economic growth andthe environment.Since the United Nations Earth Summit in 1992,more and more people andgovernments have adopted a new idea;that is,“sustainable dev