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1、中考英语知识点复习-阅读理解嘉兴英语教学网jxenglish收集整理欢迎使用知识点八：阅读理解通过近几年全国各省市中考英语试题来看，我们发现“阅读理解”题呈现出这样几个特点：题材新颖，原汁原味，趣味性强；贴近生活实际，极具可读性；反映社会热点，富于时代气息；题目设计巧妙，匠心独运；考查能力综合化；选材广泛，信息量大。所涉及内容包罗万象，不仅涉及生活百科，自然科学，而且也触及天文地理，寓言故事、异域风情等。A、阅读理解题目类型及解题方法。1.细节理解题。*此类题主要考察学生对相关信息的识别能力，*要么不符，要么未涉及，相对容易排除。常常是无中生有，张冠李戴，以偏概全，扩大内容。2 .文章(段落)
2、主旨大意题。Which is the best title of the passage?The writer t h i n k s.The writer wants to tell us.The main idea of the passageis_.*内容的窗口，阅读时要学会找出文章的中心句。*抓对主题句的搜索，按意群进行阅读，避免阅读中的出声、指读、复视、或停顿。3、推理判断题。此类题需要透过文章信息进行深入的分析、综合、归纳等推断，需根据上下文及其内在联系对篇章进行深入的分析。如 From the second paragraph we k n o w.*4、是非判断题Which o
3、f the following is(NOT)true?Which of the following descriptionsabout*is right?*5.词意句意题What does the word“mean in paragraph 3?What does the sentencereally mean?In the last paragraph,*学会猜词(1)根据构词法猜词义前缀或后缀-ful(形容词后缀)，-less(无，没有，构成形容词)，-ly(副词后缀)，u n-(不,非，未)，dis-(相反，否 定)re-(重新)第1页 共1 0页嘉兴英语教学网jxenglish收集
4、整理欢迎使用appear disappear,agree disagree,tie untie,happy unhappy,careful,careless,hope hopeless,comfortable uncomfortable(2)根据上下文猜词义它和前后文有着必然的联系，只有把握作者的脉搏，理清逻辑链条,才能锁定生词的含义。(3)旧词新义现象。如：Australians put their shirt“tails“on the clothes line after washing,because they usually put them into their trousers,“
5、tails”一词原意为“尾巴”，而在此处的意思为衬衫的“。(4)依解释。Microscope is an instrument(工 具)that makes small near objects seemslarger.Microscope means.*有时我们能从生词的前后找到解释性的文字。B、解答阅读理解题的基本步骤。1,了解文章大意。23(who),事件(what),时间(when),地点(where),起因(why),经过(how),结果(what)等。*4、据初步获得的信息，综合运用所学英语知识和有关文章的各种背景知识进行信息处理，还应特别注意文章各部分之间内在的联系和字面隐含的意
6、思。5、分析的基础上选定答案。6C、阅读技巧。L略读法：快速阅读，了解大意，综合主题句，找出全文的主题思想。主题句的位置一般在句首或句末，也有在句中的。2.查读法：顾名思义是为查找某一特定信息而进行的阅读。3、借助跳读找细节，借助掠读找中心。45、干扰项或是远离文章内容，或是以偏概全。6、7、从短文中找答案，而不是问你作为中学生的看法。第2页 共1 0页嘉兴英语教学网jxenglish收集整理欢迎使用8、做题的关键是看清题目的要求，读准的关键是分清句子的结构和确认词性词义。9(1)表示先后顺序的词有：first,second,third,finally 等。(2)表示转折意义的词有：but,y
7、et,though,however等。(3)表示先因果关系的词有:because,for,so that等。(4)for example10、分析长句长句中通常含并列、复合、倒装等结构，要分清主干，先找出句子的主谓宾，再找修饰语。主句宾语从句2)Environment clubs ask students to bring their their lunches in bags thatcan be used again.这句主干是 Environment clubs ask students to bring their their lunches inbags,that can be us
8、ed again 是定语从句，修饰 bags。金句可翻译为：环保俱乐部要求学生用可再次使用的袋子来带午饭。3）I didnt quite understand how they got the books back so quickly until Ipicked up a book Grandma had left one day.本句的主干是 I didnt quite understand until I picked up a book（直到我捡到一本书我才明白）主干是：主句+until引导的时间状语从句。how they got the books back so quicky 是宾
9、语从句，作 understand 的宾语。（that）Grandma had left one day 是定语从句，修饰 a book。整句可翻译为：直到有一天我捡到一本奶奶落下的一本书，我才明白他们是如何这么快地把书拿回。ADo you know why different animals or pests（昆虫）have their special colors?Colors in them seem to be used mainly to protect themselves.Some birds like eating locusts（蝗虫），but birds cannot eas
10、ily catch them.Why?It is because locusts change their colors together with the change of thecolors of crops.When crops are green,locusts look green.But as the harvesttime comes,locusts change to the same brown color as crops have.Some other pests withdifferent colors from plants are easily found and
11、 eaten by others.So theyhave to hide themselves for lives and appear only at night.第 3 页 共 1 0 页嘉兴英语教学网jxenglish收集整理欢迎使用You should always think of reusing the usable things before throwing themout.Give your clothes you do not use or the ones which too small to the poor.In a family,you may pass on su
12、ch clothes to younger brothers or sisters.3.RecycleBottles,cans（罐子）and paper can easily be recycled.By doing so we savelots of time and money.For example,coke cans are sent to a factory,wherethey are smashed flat（压平）and melted（融化）and the metal things are madefor new coke cans.4.RecoverWhen you buy a
13、 box of apples,there may be few rotten（腐烂的）apples,youhave two choices:one is to throw the whole apples away,or you could cut offthe rotten parts and use the good parts.In this way,you are recovering theeatable parts of food.5.R e p a i rIf o n e o f t h e b e g s o f y o u r t a b l e i s b r o k e
14、n,y o u c a n r e p a i r i t.If y o u w a n tt o c h a n g e f o r b e t t e r o n e s,i t i s b e t t e r f o r y o u t o s e l l t h e o l d t h i n g s o r g i v et h e m t o o t h e r p e o p l e w h o c a n u s e t h e m a f t e r d o i n g s o m e r e p a i r.It i s t r u e t h a tNo r t h Am
15、 e r i c a i s a“t h r o w-a w a y“s o c i e t y,b u t t h e t i m e h a s c o m e t o c h a n g e o u r w a y o f l i f e s ot h a t w e c a n p r o t e c t o u r e n v i r o n m e n t.Ev e r y o n e o f u s s h o u l d t r y o u r b e s t.1.Th e “R e d u c e”r u l e m a i n l y r e q u i r e s （要求
16、）u s .A.t o u s e t h i n g s w i s e l y B.t o c u t d o w n m a n y t r e e sC.t o u s e a l o t o f p a p e r D.t o t h r o w a w a y y o u r o l d c l o t h e s2.Wh a tns t h e r i g h t o r d e r （顺序）o f r e c y c l i n g c o k e c a n s?a.c o l l e c t t h e u s e d c a n s b.m e l t t h e mc.
17、s m a s h t h e m f l a t d.s e n d t h e m t o a f a c t o r yA.a b c d B.a d c b C.d b c a D.c a b d3.Th e “R e c o v e r“r u l e m a i n l y r e q u i r e s u s _ _ _ _ _ _ _.A.t o t h r o w w a s t e t h i n g s a w a y B.t o c o v e r w a s t e t h i n g s w i t h e a r t hC.t o g e t b a c k t
18、 h e u s e f u l p a r t s D.t o t h r o w t h e w h o l e t h i n g s a w a y5.Wh i c h i s t h e b e s t w a y t o d o w i t h y o u r b r o k e n t a b l e s?A.Th r o w i n g t h e m a w a y.B.R e q u i r i n g t h e m.C.Se l l i n g t h e m.D.Pu t t i n g t h e m a w a y.【解题思路点拨】对生存在地球上的人类来说，保护环
19、境是非常重要的。这篇短文贴近生活，富有时代气息。全文详细介绍了“5R”方法的具体内容和做法。对增强青少年学生的环保意识具有十分重要的意义。CGo o d e v e n i n g,l a d i e s a n d g e n t l e m e n,R o y ,a n d t h i s i s m y s h o w.Th i s i s at e l e v i s i o n s h o w f o r a l l f a m i l i e s,a n d I k n o w y o u 11 e n j o y i t.Le t s s t a r t w i t h a s
20、t o r y.On c e t h e r e w a s a p r o u d p i g o n a f a r m .He t h o u g h th e w a s t h e m o s t i m p o r t a n t o f a l l t h e a n i m a l s o n t h e f a r m.Bu t i t w a s n o te n o u g h t h a t h e h i m s e l f t h o u g h t t h i s:h e h a d t o b e s u r e t h a t o t h e r a n i
21、m a l st h o u g h t i t,t o o.So h e w e n t u p t o a c h i c k e n a n d a s k e d,“Wh o i s t h e m o s ti m p o r t a n t a n i m a l o n t h e f a r m?”Th e c h i c k e n a n s w e r e d,“Y o u a r e,Mr.Pi g .”Th e n h e a s k e d a d o g,a n d h e g o t t h e s a m e r e p l y.第 5 页 共 1 0 页嘉兴
22、英语教学网j x e n g l i s h 收集整理欢迎使用4.Wh a t w a s J a c k Sc o t t i n t h e p a s s a g e?,A.He w a s a p i l o t B.He w a s a p o l i c e m a n a t t h e a i r p o r t C.He w a s a n e n g i n e e r5.Ac c o r d i n g t o t h e p a s s a g e w e k n o w .A.J a c k Sc o t t a s k e d Mr.Gr e e n n o t t
23、 o f l y t o Lo n d o nB.Mr.Gr e e n w o u l d t a k e c o n t r o l o f a p l a n e b y f o r c e C.Th e p o l i c e m e n m i s t o o kw h a t Mr.Gr e e n s a i dE（公关部）.A b e a u t i f u l g i r l w i t h a m a s t e r,s d e g r e e （硕士学位）w e n t t h r o u g h a l o t o fc h a l l e n g e s a n d
24、h e r n a m e w a s o n t h e l i s t.In t h e f i n a l s t a g e s h e f a c e d a ni n t e r v i e w t o g e t h e r -w i t h a n o t h e r g i r l.Bo t h o f t h e m w e r e o u t s t a n d i n g,n o t o n l yi n l o o k s b u t a l s o i n e d u c a t i o n.Th e g i r l w a s s u c c e s s f u
25、l i n t h e i n t e r v i e w.It s e e m e d t h a t s h e w o u l d g e t t h ec h a n c e.At l a s t t h e e x a m i n e r a s k e d h e r,“Ca n y o u c o m e t o t h e o f f i c e n e x tMo n d a y?”Sh o c k e d b y t h e u n e x p e c t e d q u e s t i o n,t h e b e a u t i f u l g i r l c o u l
26、 d n，t m a k ea d e c i s i o n a t t h e m o m e n t,s o s h e s a i d,I h a v e t o t a l k w i t h m y p a r e n t s b e f o r eI g i v e a n a n s w e r.Th e e x a m i n e r f e l t s u r p r i s e d b u t s a i d c a l m l y,If s o,l e t，s w a i t t i l l y o u a r e r e a d y.Th e n e x t d a
27、y,t h e g i r l c a m e t o t e l l t h e e x a m i n e r t h a t h e r p a r e n t s h a d a g r e e dt o l e t h e r b e g i n w o r k n e x t Mo n d a y.Bu t t h e e x a m i n e r s a i d r e g r e t f u l l y （遗憾地），“So r r y,a n o t h e r s u i t a b l e c a n d i d a t e （选手）h a s g o t t h e j
28、 o b.Y o u h a d b e t t e r t r ya n o t h e r p l a c e.Th e b e a u t i f u l g i r l w a s s u r p r i s e d.Sh e a s k e d f o r a ne x p l a n a t i o n（解释）a n d w a s t o l d,“Wh a t i s n e e d e d h e r e i s a p e r s o n w h o k n o w s h e ro w n m i n d.Th a t w a s h o w a g o o d 1.Th
29、 e b e a u t i f u l g i r l w a n t e d t o a s k h e rp a r e n t s f o r a d v i c e b e c a u s eA.s h e d i d n t l i k e t h e j o b B.s h e d i d n t e x p e c t t h e e x a m i n e r w o u l d a s k s u c ha q u e s t i o nC.she didn，t want to answer the question D.her parents would be angry
30、 ifshe didn51 ask them2.We can learn from the passage thatA.the company lost its best clerk B.no girl got the jobC.the other girl who failed at the last interview might get the jobD.the examiner was very pleased with the girl3.The examiner regarded as the most important.A.a person，s confidence B.a p
31、erson，s knowledge C.a person*s age D.aperson，s beautiful looks4.The underlined phrase right under the nose of probably meansA.就在鼻子下B.想要得到的C.没有把握的D.就在眼前的5.The best title for the passage above might beA.Make Decisions With Your Parents B.A Successful InterviewC.Use Your Own Mind D.Answer the Examiners
32、 Question Quickly第 7 页 共 1 0 页嘉兴英语教学网jxenglish收集整理欢迎使用FWhenever the sun dropped and the blue sky came up,my father and I used toclimb the mountain near my house.Walking together,my father and I used tohave a lot of conversations through which I learned lessons from hisexperiences.He always told me,“
33、You should have goals like climbing themountain.Without the mountain-climbing that we both enjoyed,we couldnMthave enough time to spend together because my father was very busy.I reallygot a lot from mountain-climbing.It gave me time to talk with my father andto be in deep thought as well as develop
34、 my patience（而 j力）.Once we climbed a very high mountain.It was so challenging for me because Iwas only ten years old.During the first few hours of climbing,I enjoyed theflowers and trees,and the birds singing,but as time passed,T got a pain inboth of my legs.I wanted to climbing.In fact,I hated it a
35、t that moment,butmy father said to me,At t h a t t i m e,I w a s t o o y o u n g t o u n d e r s t a n d h i s w o r d s.Bu t l a t e r a f t e r t h a t,I g o t n e w h o p e a n d c o n f i d e n c e （信心）.I f o u n d m y s e l f s t a n d i n g a t t h e t o p o ft h e s k y,w h i c h w a s a s c
36、l e a r a s c r y s t a l （水晶）.1.Th e p a s s a g e t e l l s u s t h a t m o u n t a i n-c l i m b i n g w a s f o r Fa t h e r a n dSo n.A.h a r d B.e n j o y a b l e C.p a i n f u l D.c o m f o r t a b l e2.Th e w o r d “q u i t i n t h e p a s s a g e m e a n s ”.A.c a r r y o n B.p u t o f f C.
37、g i v e u p D.p i c k u p3.Wh i c h o f t h e f o l l o w i n g i s s i m i l a r i n m e a n i n g t o t h e f a t h e r s w o r d s i n t h es e c o n d p a r a g r a p h?A.Y o u w i l l g e t a l l y o u n e e d a t t h e t o p o f t h e m o u n t a i n.B.Th e s k y i s a l w a y s a s c l e a r
38、a s c r y s t a l.C.Y o u c a n f i n d l i f e i s f u l l o f n i c e t h i n g s.D.Ne v e r g i v e u p h a l f-w a y.4.We c a n i n f e r （推断）f r o m t h e l a s t p a r a g r a p h t h a t _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.A.t h e w r i t e r w a s v e r y s u c c e s s f u l i n h i s l i f eB.t h e w r i t e r
39、 d i d n t r e a c h t h e t o p o f t h e m o u n t a i nC.t h o u g h t h e w r i t e r w a s y o u n g,h e c o u l d u n d e r s t a n d h i s f a t h e rD.t h e w r i t e r u s e d t o s t o p h a l f-w a y w h e n h e c l i m b e d t h e m o u n t a i n5.Th e b e s t t i t l e f o r t h e p a s
40、 s a g e i s ”.A.R e a c h i n g t h e To p o f t h e Mo u n t a i n B.En j o y t h e Be a u t i f u l Vi e w sC.Co n v e r s a t i o n s b e t w e e n Fa t h e r a n d So n D.Fa t h e r a n d IGHa v i n g Fu n Gr o w i n g”a n d “St e a l i n g”?R e c e n t l y,a n In t e r n e t g a m e h a s b e
41、c o m e a n e w f a s h i o n a m o n g y o u n g o f f i c ew o r k e r s a n d s t u d e n t s.Pe o p l e c a n “f a r m”o n a p i e c e o f “l a n d a n d g r o w ,“s e l l o r e v e n “s t e a l”“v e g e t a b l e s”,“f l o w e r s”.a n d,/f r u i t s，zo n t h e Ne t ,Th e y c a n e a r n s o m
42、e e-m o n e y a n d b u y m o r e “s e e d s”.“p e t s”a n d e v e n “h o u s e s”.第8页 共1 0页嘉兴英语教学网j x e n g l i s h收集整理欢迎使用J o y c e i n t e r v i e w e d s o m e y o u n g p e o p l e.He r e a r e t h e i r o p i n i o n s.Ha r o l d：I d o n t q u i t e u n d e r s t n d d w h y t h e y a r e s o
43、m a d a b o u t t h e c h i l d i s h g a m e,Ma y b e t h e y a r e j u s t n o t c o n f i d e n t e n o u g h t o f a c e t h e r e a l w o r l d.Al l a n：I e n j o y p u t t i n g s o m e “b u g s i n m y f r i e n d s g a r d e n s a n d w e v e b e c o m ec l o s e r b e c a u s e o f t h e g
44、a m e.Ha v i n g f u n t o g e t h e r i s t h e m o s t e x c i t i n g t h i n ga b o u t i t.La u r a：Y o u k n o w,p e o p l e i n t h e c i t y a r e l o n g i n g f o r（渴望）t h e l i f e i n t h ec e o t m t r y s i d e.It r e d u c e s m y w o r k p r e s s u r e（压力）；b e s i d e s,i t g i v e
45、s m e t h ee x c i t i n g e x o e r i n c e o f b e i n g a “t h i e f”.Iv y：We l l.i t s j u s t a w a s t e o f t i m e.Te e n a g e r s p l a y i n g t h e g a m e s p e n d s om a n y h o u r s o n i t t h a t t h e y c a n n o t f o c u s o n （专注于）t h e i r s t u d y.41.Ac c o r d i n g t o t
46、h e p a s s a g e,p e o p l e c a n t t h i n g s i n t h i s g a m e.A.g r o w Beb o r r o w C.s t e a l D.s e l l42.Am o n g t h e p e o p l e J o y c e interviewed,l i k e s t h e g a m ew h i l e d i s l i k e s t h e g a m e.A.La u r a,Al l a n B.Al l a n,Ha r o l d C.Ha r o l d,Iv y D.Iv y,Al
47、l a n43.Fr o m La u r a s w o r d s,w e c a n g u e s s t h a t s h e s m o s t p r o b a b l yA.a s t u d e n t B.a n o f f i c e w o r k e r C.a f a r m e r D.a t h i e f44.Wh i c h i s NOT t h e r e a s o n w h y p e o p l e l i k e t h e g a m e?A.Th e y a r e l o n g i n g f o r c o u n t r y l
48、 i f e.B.Th e y c a n h a v e f u n w i t h f r i e n d s.C.Th e g a m e c a n r e l a x p e o p l e a n d g i v e t h e m a n e w e x p e r i e n c e.D.Th e y a r e c o n f i d e n t e n o u g h t o f a c e t h e r e a l w o r l d.45.Wh e r e c a n y o u f i n d t h i s p a s s a g e?A.In a car mag
49、azine.B.In an advenisement.C.In a newspaper D-In ascience bookHOne of the most famom scientists to study adaptations（适应能力）was CharlesDarwin（达尔文）.He was born in England in 1809.He wasn?t the best student inhis school,but when he was 16,his father sent him to a medicalschool.Charles liked spending tim
50、e outdoors observing（观察）nature more thanattending medical calsses.He dropped out without graduating.Next,Charles,father sent him to school to become a minister（牧师）.Thistime he made it to graduation,But he didn t want to do the work of aminister.His friends encouraged him to follow his interest in sc