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1、2022年大学英语考试真题卷六（本卷共分为1 大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总 分 100分，60分及格。）单 位：姓 名：考 号：题号单选题多项选择判断题综合题总分分值得分一、单项选择题（共5 0题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意）1.BJ1TEXT A /B Long before cros s ov er and eclect ic became part of t he jou rnal is t icv ernacu lar,Dinah Was h i ngt on defied cat egor iz at ion and embraced any andev
2、ery t y pe of s ong.Her deliv ery w as ins t ant ly ident ifiable,and s heprided hers elf on cry s t al-cl ear dict ion,precis e pit ch and s pont aneit y.Was hingt on made brilliant recordings,beginning w it h her day s as apianis t accompany ing gos peI pioneer Sallie Mart in,t hrou gh s w ing and
3、 R&Bs es s ions w it h Cou nt Bas le and L i one I Hampt on,on t o modern jaz z v ent u resw it h Cl iff ord Brow n,Max Roach and Cannonba I I Adderley and lat er pop hit sw it h Brook Bent on.Au t hor Nad i ne Cohodas,w hos e prev iou s book on Ches s Recordsmarv elou s ly ou t I ined t hat his t o
4、ric company,now giv es t he s ame ex act i ngt reat ment t o Was h i ngt on i n Qu een.The L i fe and Mu s i c of D i nah Was h i ngt on.Cohodas als o s eIect ed t he s ongs on a companion CD,releas ed on Verv eRecords.Qu een is t he firs t t ru ly comprehens iv e v oIu me on t he lat e s inger.Coho
5、das condu ct ed nu merou s int erv iew s w it h ins iders and fami Iy membersand dis cov ered docu ment s and let t ers t hat reaffirm her as s es s ment s.Cohodas ably iIluminates the qui rks and contradictions of Washingtons personal ity.Washington could be extremely kind and appaI I ingly crude.S
6、he comp I a i ned about her inabi Iity to find happiness in relationships,yet married seven times.A smart,extremely knowledgeable a rtis t who haddefinite ideas about her music,Washington frequently clashed withbandmates,despi te often bei ng accompani ed by the greatest jazz mus ic i anson earth.Th
7、ankfu 1 1 y,Cohodas a I so presents Wash i ngton,s upbeat,joyousand celebratory side,thus not totaI Iy resigning her to tragic victimstatus.Sadly,WashingtenJ s ongo i ng conf Ii cts and struggles with lovers,relatives and executives in many ways prevented her from achieving thefame she deserved,alon
8、g with the fact that black femaIe singers hadextremely I i m i ted opt i ons during the 50s and early 60s.But Wash i ngtoni nfIuenced numerous vocali sts who foI I owed her,most notab Iy EstherP h illip s and Nancy Wilson,while creating an exceptional body of workthat,s s t ill capt i vat i ng a I m
9、ost 41 years after her death at 39.Songstike 1 1 Unforgettable,This B itte r Earth,n What a Difference a DayMakes and Baby You Got What It Takes remain as documents of herexcellence.Queen is a wonderful and invaluable addition to musicbiography and cultural history.According to the passage,which of
10、the fol lowing statements is NOT trueA.Both Clifford Brown and Max Roach are jazz players.B.Chess Records is a musical company.C.Dinah Washington had a straightforward personality.D.Dinah Washington was a versatile artist.2.B TEXT D/BThe recent surge in oiI pr ices to roughly$55 a barrel teaches som
11、eusefu I I essons.One i s that surpr i ses happen.A year ago futures contractspredict ed t oday s pr ice w ou ld be$25.A s econd is t hat t he economy hasgrow n les s v u lnerable t o oiI s hocks .Compared w it h 1973,w e now u s ealmos t 50 percent les s energy for each dol lar of ou t pu t.New ind
12、u s t r ies(s oft w are,t heme parks)need les s t han t he old(s t eeI,chemicals).Bu tt he larges t les s on is depres s ingly famiIiar.Americans w on5 t t hinkrealis t ical ly abou t oi I.We cons ider cheap fu el a birt hright,and w henw e don,t get it,w e w hine-rat her t han as k w hy or w hat w
13、e s hou ld do.If prices ris e,w e blame a cons piracy of greedy oi I companies,OPECor s omeone.The realit y is u s u ally mes s ier.Energy economis t PhilipVerleger Jr.at t ribu t es t he pres ent price ru n-u p t o mas s iv emis calcu lat ion.OiI companies and OPEC u nderes t imat ed gIobaI demand,
14、part icu larly from China.Since 2001 Chinas oi I u s e has ju mped 36 percent.This error led OPEC and companies t o u nderinv es t in new produ ct ioncapac i t y,he s ay s.I n 2002 t he w or I d had 5 mi I I ion barre I s a day of s u rp I u sprodu ct ion capacit y;now it has Iit t Ie.Unex pect ed s
15、 u pply int erru pt ions(s abot age in Iraq,civ il w ar in Nigeria)boos t prices.Ver Ieger s ay s pr ices cou Id go t o$6 0 nex t y ear or ev en$8 0 if adv ers es u pply cond i t i ons pers is t.No one really know s.Ana Iy s t Adam Si emins kiof Deu t s che Bank t hinks pr ices may ret reat t o t he
16、 low$30s in 2005.As Iow ing Chines e economy cou Id w eaken demand.Bu t t he u ncert aint ies cannotobs cu re t w o s t u bborn real it ies.Fi rs t,w orld oi I produ ct ion can,t ris eforev er;dw indling res erv es w iI I s omeday cau s e deciines.And,s econd,barring mi racu lou s dis cov eries,more
17、 w i I I come from u ns t able regions es pecially t he Middle Eas t.We need t o face t hes e real it ies;neit her George Bu s h nor John Kerrydoes.Thei r energy plans are riv al fant as ies.Kerry pI edges t o make u sM independentn of Middle Eas t oil,mainly t hrou gh cons erv at ion and anemphas i
18、s on Mrenew able fu els (biomas s,s olar,w ind).Richard Nix on w ast he firs t pres ident t o prom i s e energy 1 1 i ndependence.11 cou ldn,t happent hen-and can t now.The Unit ed St at es import s abou t 60 percent of it soil.A f i f t h of import s come from t he Pers ian Gu lf.Ev en if w e el im
19、inat edPers i an Gu lf i mport s,w e d s t i I I be v u l nerab Ie.Oi I s care it ies and pr i cesare t rans mit t ed w orldw ide.The gIobaI economy-on w hich w e depend-remains hu ge Iy in need of Pers ian Gu lf oiI.Bu s hes pit ch is t hat w e can produ ce ou r w ay ou t of t rou ble.No s u chlu c
20、k.Drilling in t he Arct ic Nat ionaI WiIdIife Refu ge,w it h pos s ibleres erv es of 10 bill ion barre Isy might prov ide 1 mi I I ion barrels a day,or 5 percent of pres ent U.S.demand.Fine.Bu t t he pract ical effect w ou ldbe t o offs et s ome drop i n produ ct ion el s ew here.Amer i can o i I ou
21、 t pu t peakedin 1970;it s dow n 34 percent s ince t hen.A grou ndbreaking s t u dy from t he cons u lt ing company PFC Energyi Ilu minat es ou r predicament.The w orld now u s es 82 mill ion barrels ofoi I a day;t hat s 30 bi I I ion barrels a y ear.To es t imat e fu t u re produ ct ion,t he s t u
22、dy ex amined his t oricaI produ ct ion and dis cov ery pat t erns in al It he w orld5 s oiI fields.The conclu s ion:The w orld already u s es abou t12 billion more barrels a y ear t han it finds.nIn a I mos t ev ery mat u reo i I bas i n,t he w or I d has been produ c i ng more t han it s finding fo
23、r c I os et o 20 y ears,n s ay s PFC1 s Mike Rodgers.That can t cont i nu e indefinit ely.The s t u dy is no dooms day ex ercis e.Rodgers s ay s t hat fu t u re dis cov eryand recov ery rat es cou ld be bet t er-or w ors e t han as s u med.Wit h pres entrat es,he ex pect s gIobaI oiI s u pply t o pe
24、ak before 2020 at abou t 100mi I I ion barrels a day.What ev er happens,t he w orld w i I I probably dependmore on t w o s haky regions.,t he Pers ian Gu lf and t he former Sov iet Union.The Gu lf now s u pplies a qu art er of t he w orld1 s oil;PFC project s t hatt o ris e t o a t hird in a decade.
25、Alt hou gh t he fu t u re is haz y,w hat w e ou ght t o do sn t.We need t odampen o i I u s e,ex pand produ ct ion and if oi I prices recede-s ignificant lyincreas e t he St rat egic Pet roleu m Res erv e.Thes e s t eps can t end ou rvulnerabiIity to gIobaI price surges or the effects of a catastrop
26、hicloss of o iI supplies from,say,war or terrorism.But they can reduceit.Most important,Americans should curb gasoline use.The EnergyInformation Administration reports the fol lowing:Gasoline representsabout 45 percent of U.S.oi I demand;since 1991 the explosion of SUVsand I ight trucks has meant no
27、 gains in average fuel mi I eage e ff i c i ency;and over the same period,typ i ca I drivers travel a I most 1,000 miles moreannually.W e should be promoting fu e l-e ffic ie n t vehicles,particularlyhybrids*.Comb i n i ng gasol ine and electr ic power,they get 20 percentto 40 percent better mi I ea
28、ge than convent i onaI vehicles,says DavidGreene of the Oak RidgeA.George Bush sB.john Kerry,sC.neither George Bush s nor John KerryJ sD.both George Bush s and John Kerry*s3.B TEXTBaruch Sp i noza was a Dutch phi losopher and re Iigious thinker who wasborn on November 24,1632 i n Amsterdam.H i s fam
29、i I y was Span i sh-PortugueseJews who were refugees to Ho I I and.Sp i noza was taught h i s ear I y educat i onfrom Jewish sources.He later went on to study other Jewish thinkers suchas Maimonides,Gerson ides,and Crescas.Baruch became interested in the physical sciences and the works ofThomas Hobb
30、es and Rene Descartes.As a result of his studies,he grewaway from Judaism and withdrew from the synagogue.In 1656,the rabbisbanished Spinoza from Amsterdam.For the next five years he I ived on theoutside of the c ity where he supported himseIf by gr inding opt ical Ienses.During th is time,Spinoza w
31、rote his fir s t philosophical work Treatiseon God and Man and His Happines s.This w ork ex plained and ou t I i ned a goodpart of Spinoz a1 s philos ophical be Iiefs.In 1661,Spinoz a mov ed t o Ri jns bu rg and a few y ears lat er he mov edt o Voorbu rg.From t here he mov ed t o t he Hagu e.Soon af
32、t er mov i ng t o t heHagu e,he w as offered a Chai r in Phi Ios ophy at t he Univ ers it y ofHeidelberg.Spinoz a deci ined t he offer.He w as afraid it might compromis ehis freedom of t hou ght and s peech.At t his t ime,Baru ch Sp i noz a w as w e I Iknow n and w as w e I I res pect ed for his w o
33、rk.King Lou is XIV of France offeredSpinoz a a pens ion on t he condit ion t hat he dedicat e one of his w orks t ot he monarch.Again,Spinoz a reject ed t he offer.Spinoz a1 s w ork,Et hics Demons t rat ed in Geomet ric Order,w as one oft he bes t ou t Ii nes of his t heoret ical framew ork.In t his
34、 w ork,Sp i noz adiv ided his et hicaI t hinking int o fiv e different part s On God,“Ont he Nat u re and Origin of t he Mind,n On t he Nat u re and Origin of t heEmot ions,9 M0n Hu man Bondage,9 and n0n Hu man Libert y11.Sp i noz a be I iev edt hat t he u niv ers e is ident icaI w it h Godt w ho is
35、 t he u ncau s ed s u bs t ance1of al I t hings.Baru ch Sp i noz a u s ed s u bs t ance for God becau s e he be I iev ed God w as nota mat erial realit y bu t a bas is for a I I t hings t hat are realit y.Sp i noz aa Is o s t at ed t hat hu mans can on I y u s e t w o k i nds of at t r i bu t es of
36、s u bs t ance,t hou ght s and ex t ens ion.Wit h t hou ght and ex t ens ion comes para I lei is m.Para I lei is m is a t heory t hat Sp i noz a dev eloped t hat ex plained t he orderbet w een t he t w o of t hem.The order and connect ion of ideas is t he s ameas t he order and connect ion of t hings
37、.nAlong w it h t his t heory,Sp i noz a be Ii ev ed t hat t here w as no room int he s u bs t ance u niv ers e for t he ignorance of one s act ions.Wit h t hes eact i ons Sp i noz a be I iev ed t he affect w iI I change t he res t of t he body s pow er t o act.It cou ld increas e or decreas e t he p
38、ow er ev en t hou gh Godalone is t he cau s e of t hos e act ions.Spinoza discussed the concept of human bondage as a natural tendencyfor fee I i ngs and passions to take control of I ife and to make individualsinto slaves.He be Iieved that the only remedy for passion was actions.If a human can clea
39、rly understand the ir passions they can overcome the irbondage much easier.The reasoning behind the work was to lay out a program for theperfection of the human nature.Baruch had many sources for his work,but his know I edge of the work of Rene Descartes had a considerableinfIuence on his own.He use
40、d most of Descartes vocabulary,definitions,and mathematicaI ways of thinking.Baruch Spinoza died on Feb.21,1677 from tubercu I os i s.He is creditedfor the most thorough study of Pantheism.Many poets relate to his workas inspi ration for thei r writings.The word synagogue1 in the second paragraph mo
41、st probably me a n s.A.JudaismB.rabbisC.synaxisD.synalgia4.B TEXT E/BThe Department of Home I and Secur ity has fille d the nat i on9 s topcyber-security post after the previous chief abruptly resigned last weekin a move that raised questions about the Bush adm inistration9 scommi tment to protect i
42、 ng U.S.computer networks from e I ectron i c threats.Andy Purdy,who served as deputy cyber-security di rector under formerNationaI Cyber Security Division head and security industry entrepreneurAmit Yoran,wi I I act as interim director,according to an emai I w rittenby Robert P.Liscouskit the depar
43、tment1 s head of infrastructureprotection.Purdy has been a member of the cyber-security division since it wasset up i n 2003,and was the v i ce cha i rman and sen i or adv i ser on i nformat i ontechno I ogy i ssues for the Pres i dents Critical I nf rastructure Protect i onBoard.Purdy dec Ii ned an
44、 interview request.Home I and Securityspokeswoman Michel Ie Petrovich said that Cyber-security wi 11 continueto be a priority of the Department of Home I and Security and we plan tomove quickly to f ill the position with someone who has demonstratedleadership in this important field.”Purdy moves int
45、o his new role at a time when many cyber-securityauthorities say the Bush administration has come up short in itscommitment to protecting the nation from computer vi ruses and otherelectronic attacks.Industry off i c i a Is and security experts said he isa good fit for the job,but that the position
46、needs more authority inorder to make a difference.We ve worked with Andy for a number of years.He s a very smartguy and very talented,M said Harris Miller,president of the InformationTechno I ogy Assoc i at i on of Amer i ca,an Ar I ington,Va.-based I obby i ng f i rm.Nevertheless,Miller said,the jo
47、b needs to be elevated.Andy is a terribly nice guy and wiI I obviously try to do the bestthing,but without authority and without the ab ility to reach up intothe department and to reach out among other federal agencies as a moresenior person,it s going to be d ifficu lt for him to do the job,1 1 sai
48、dPaul Kurtz,execut i ve di rector of the Cyber Security Industry Al Iianceand a former White House computer-secur i ty off i c i a I.This is a problem that industry executives and former governmentoff icials said contr i buted to YoranJ s dec is ion to res i gn I ast week.Yoranbecame di rector of th
49、e cyber-security division in September 2003 afterthe previous White House adviser,Howard A.Schmidt,resigned in Apri Ito become the head of secur i ty at on I i ne auct i on company eBay I nc.Schm i dtsucceeded Richard A.Clarke,who had stepped down three months ear I ier,warning that the administrati
50、on needed to take on Iine security moreser iously.Yoran,who deciined to comment for th is story,was incharge of i mpIement i ng the recommendations in the adm inistrati onf snationaI cyber-security plan,a document that received criticism froma var iety of sources for fa ilin g to requi re the busine