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1、2010年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I Use of EnglishDnecclious:Read the following text.Choose the bcsl word(s)for each numbered blank,and markA,B,ClorDonANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)In 1924 American1 National Research Council sent to engineer to supervise a series of experiments at atelephone-parts factory c
2、alled the Hawhtore Plant nearChicago It hoped they would learn how stop-floor Egnting _ 1 workors productivity Instead,the studiesended_ 2 giving their name to the u Hawhthomeeffectthe extremely inflentlcel Idea the veey_ 3to bemg expenmented upon changed subjectsbehaviorThe idea arose because of th
3、e_ 4 _ behavior of the women in the plato.According to _ 5of theexpetmems.their,houriy output rose when hghtmg WaSincreased,but also when it was dimmed.It did not _ 6what was done in the experiment.7sometmg waschanged,produchnty rose A(n)_ 8_ that theywere bemg experimented upon seemed to be _ 9tO a
4、lterworkers bchamor _ 10_ uselfAfter several decades,the salile data were _ 11 to econometric the analysis Hawthorne experiments has anothersurprise store j2 一 the desenpuons on record,nosystematic _ 13was foundthat levels of produchxnty wererelated to changes in lightingIt turns out that peculiar w
5、ay of conducting the cenments may be have let to _ 14interpretation of whathapped._ 15_,tighring was always changed ona Sunday When work started again on Monday,output _ 16 rose compared with the previous Saturday and_ 17_ to rise for the next couple of days _ 18_ ,a comparison with data for weeks w
6、henthere was no experimentation showed that output always went up OnMonday,workers _ 19to be duigent for the first fewdays of the week in any case,before _ 21_ a plateau and then slackening off This suggests that the alleged”Hawthorne effect“is hard to ptn downl.A affected Bachieved fCexlracted fDre
7、stored2Aat IBJup CJwith DJOff3AWuth Bsight Cact Dproof4.AconVbversial Bperplexing cmischieous Dambiguous5.Areqtttrents Bcxplanalions Caccounts Dassements6lAconclude BJmatter CJindicate DJwork7Aas faras Bfor fearthat Cin casethat Dso long as8.Aawarerress9.Asuitale10.Aabout1 lAcompared12.AJcontrary to
8、13.Aevidence14.AJdisputable15.AIn contast16.AJduly17.Afailed2O.AJbreakingBexpectation Csentiment DillusionBexcessiveBfor BshownConCenough DabundantDbyCsubjected DconveyedBJconsistent with Cparallel with DJpealliar toBguidance Cimplication Dsource(BJenlightening CJretiable DJwasleadmgBFor example CIn
9、 consequence DAs usualBaccidentally Cunpredictably DsuddenlyBceased C started DcontinuedBchrnbing CJsurpassmg DJhitingSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections：Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosingA,B,ClorD.Mark youranswers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points
10、)Text 2Over the past decade,thousands of patents have seen granled for what are called business methods.Amazon comreceived one for its“one-click“online paymentsystem Memll Lynch got legal protection for an asset allocation strategy.One inventor patented a tochnique forlying a boxNow the nations top
11、patent court appears completely ready to scale hack on business-method patents,which havebeen controversial e,ver since they were firstauthorized 10 years ago In a movethat has intellectual-property lawyers abuzz the U.S court of Appeals for thefederal circuit said it would usea particular case tOco
12、nduct a broad review of business-method patents.Inre Bijskl,as the case is known,is“a very big deal”,saysDermisD Crouch of the University of MissounSchool of law,It“has the potential to el inate an entire class of patmts wCurbs on business-method claims would be a dramatic about-face because it was
13、the federal circuit itself thatintroduced such patents with is 1998 decision in the so-called state Street Bank case,approving a patent on a wayof pooling mutual-fund assets.That ruling produced an explosion in business-method patent filings,initially byemerging internet companies trying to stake ou
14、t exclusive pinhts to specific types of online transactions.Later,move established companies raced to add such patents to their files,if only as a defensive move against rivals thatmight bent them to the punch.In 2005,IBM noted in a court filing that it had been issued more than 300business-method p
15、atents despite tha fact that it questioned the legal basis for granting them.Similarly,some WallStreet investment films armed themselves with patents for financial products,even as they took positions in courtcases opposing the practice.The Bilski case involves a claimed patent on a method for hedgi
16、ng risk in the energy market.The Federal circuitissued an unusual order stating that the case would be heard by all 12 of the courts judges,rather than a typicalpanel of three,and that one issue it wants to evaluste is wether it should“reconsider”its state street Bank ruling.The Federal Circuits act
17、ion comes in the wake of a series of recent decisions by the supreme.Count that hasnurrowed the scope of protections for patent holders.Last April,for example the justices signaled that too manypatents were being upheld fbr t4inventions that are obvious.The judges on the Federal circuit are“reaction
18、 to theanti_patent trend at the supreme court“says Harole C wegner,a partend attorney and professor at aeorgeWashington University Law School.26.Business-method patents have recently aroused concern because ofA their limited value to businessBl their connection with asset allocationC the possible re
19、striction on their grantingfD the controversy over authorization27.Which of the following is true of the Bilski case?A Its rulling complies with the court decisionsIBJ It involves a very big business transactionC It has been dismissed by the Federal CircuitID It may change the legal practices in the
20、 U.S.28.The word“about-face(Line 1,Paro 3)most probably meansA loss of good willBincrease of hostilityCchange of attitudeD change of auiuled29.We learn from the last two pamgraphs that business-meihod PateatsA are immune to legal challengesB are of ten unnecessarily issuedC lower the esteem for pate
21、at holdersD increase the incidence of risks30.Which of the following would bethe subject ofthe text?AA looming threat to bvamess-melhcd patents(BiProtection for business-method patent holdersCA legal case regarding business-methodpatentsD A prevailing tread against business-method patentsText 3In hi
22、s book The Tipping Point Malcohn aladuell aloues that social epidemics are dliven in largepart by the acting ofa tiny minority of specialindividuals,often calledin flu entials who are unusuall informed,persuasive,or we connect The idea is intuit ivelycompelling but it doesn*t explain howideas actual
23、ly spread.The supposed importance of inftuentials derives from a plansible sounding but largely untested theory untestedthelry called the tow-step flow of communication,InformationHows from the mediate the inftuentials and from then to ereryone else.Marke ters have embraced the two-stepflow became i
24、t suggests that if they can just find andinfluence the in fluent ials,those select people will do most of the work for them Thetheory also seems to explainthe sudden and unexpected popularity of people waswearing promoting or developing whaterver it is before anyone else paid attention Anecdotal evi
25、dence of this kindfits nicely with the idea that only certain specialpeople call drivetrendsIn their recent work howeyer some researchers have come up with the finding that in fluentials have far lessimpact on social epidemics than is genetally supposed Infact they dont seem to be required of allThe
26、 researchers argument stems from a simple obserrating about social influence with the exception of a fewcelebrities like Oprah Winfrey-whose outsize presence is primanrilly a function of media not interpersonalinfluence-enen the most influential members of a population simply don*t interact with tha
27、t many others Yet it isprecisely these non-celebring influentials who according to the two-step-flow theoryare supposed to drive socialenidemics by influcenciny their friends and colleagues directly.For a social epidemic to occur however eachperson so sffected must then influcence his or her own acq
28、uaintances,who must in turn influence theirs and so onand just how many others pay attention to each of these people has little to do with the initial influential.If peoplein the network just two degrees removed from the initial influential prove resistant for example from the initialinfluential pro
29、ve resistant,for example the casecade of change wont propagate very far or affect many people.Building on the basic truth about interpersonal influence the researchers studied the dynamics of populationsmanipulating a number of variables relating of populations manipulating a number of variables rel
30、ating to peoplesabilify to influence others and their tendence to be31.By citing the book The Tipping Point the author intends toA analyze the consequences of social epid emicsB discuss influentials,funcition in spreading ideasC exemplify peoples intuitive response to social epidemicsD describe the
31、essential characteristics of innuentials32.The author suggests that the“two-step-flow theoryA serves as a solution to marketing problemsB has helped explain certain prevalent trendsC has won support from influentialsD requires solid evidence for its validity33.what the researchers have observed rece
32、nty shows thatA the power of influence goes with social interactionsB interpersonal links can be enhanced through the mediaC influentials have more channels to reach the publicD most celebritiea enjoy wide media attention34.the underlined phrase“these peoplein paragraph 4 refers to the ones whoAstay
33、 outside the network of social influenceB have little contact with the source of influenceCare influenced and then influence othersD are influenced by the initial influential34.what is the essential slement in the dynamics of social influence?AThe eageiness to be acceptedB The impulse to influence o
34、thersCJThe resdiness to be influencedDThe inclination to rely on othersText 4Bankers have been blaming themselves for their troubles in public.Behind eht scenes,they have been takingaim at someone else the accounting standard-setters.Their rules,moan the banks,have forced them to reportenormous loss
35、es,and its just not fair.These rules say they must value some assets at the price atheird party wouldpay,not the price managers and regulators would like them to fetch.Unfortunately,banks,lobbying now seems to be working.The details may be unknowable,but the independence ofstandard-setters,essential
36、 to the proper functioning of capital marksts,is being compromised.And,unless banks carrytoxic assets at prices that attract buyers,reviving the banking system will be difficult.After a bruising encounterwith Xongress.American Financial Accounting Standards Board(FASB)rushed through rule changse.The
37、se gavebanks more freedom to use models to value illiquid assets and more flexibility in recognizing losses on longOtermassets in their income statement.Bob Herz,the FASBs chairman,cried out against ehose who“question ourmotives.Yet bank shares rose and the changes enhance what one lobby group polit
38、ely callsthe use of judgmentby management.”European ministers instantly demanded that the International Accounting Standards Board(IASB)do likewise.TheIASB says it does not want to act without overall planning,but the pressure to fold when it comletes itreconstruction of rules later this year is str
39、ong Charlie McCreevy,a European commissioner,warned the IASB thatis didnot live in a political vacuumbutin the real word and the Europe could yet develop different rules.It was banks that were on the wrong planet,with accouts htat wastly overvalued assets.today they argue htat marketprices overstate
40、 loeees,because hteyLargerly reflect the temporary illiquidity of markets,not the likely entent of bad debts.The truth will not be knownfor years.But banks shares trade below their book value,suggeting that investors are akeptical.And dead marketspartly reflect the paralysis of banks which will not
41、sell assets for fear of booking losses,yet are relucaant to buy allthose supposed bargains.To get the sysytem working again,losses must be recognized and dealt with.Americas new plan to buy up toxicassets will not work unless banks mark assets to levels which buyers find attractive.Successful market
42、s requireindependent and even combative standard-setters.The FASB and IASB have been exactly that,cleaning up rules onstock options ang pensions,for example,against hostility interests.But by giving in to critics now they are invitingpressure to make more concessions.36.Bankers complained that they
43、were forced toAfollow anfavorable asset evaluation rulesfBlcollect payments from third partiesCcooperate with the price managersDreevaluate some of their assets37.According to the author,the rule changes of the FASB may result in(AJthe dimingishing role of management(Bl the revival of the banking sy
44、estemCJthe banks long-term asset lossersfDthe weakening og its indepentdence38.According to Paragarph 4,McCreevy objects to the IASBS attempt toA keep away from political influencesB evade the pressure from their peersCJ act on their own in ruli-settingDtake gradual measures in reform39、The author t
45、hinks the banks were“on the wrong planetv in that theyAJmis interpreted market price indicatorsBexaggerated the real value of their assetsCJneglected the likely existence of bad debtsfDdenied booking losses in their sale of assets40 The authors attitude towards standard-setters is one ofAsatisfactio
46、nBskepticismobjectivenessDsympathyPart BDirections:For Questions 41-45,choose the most suitable paragraphs from the first A-G and fill them into the numbered boxesto from a coherent text Paragraph E has been correctly placed.There is one paragraph which dose not fit in withthe text.Mark your answers
47、 on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)AThe first and more important is the consumers growing preference for eating out;the consumption of food anddrink in places other than homes has risen from about 32 percent of total consumption in 1995 to 35 percent in2000 and is expected to approach 38 percent by 2005.
48、This development is boosting wholesale demand from thefood service segment by 4 to 5 percent a year Europe compared with growth in retail demand of 1 to 2 percent.Meanwhile as the recession is looming large,people are getting anxious.They tend to keep a tighter hold on theirpurse and consider eating
49、 at home a realistic alternative.BRetail sales of food and drink in Europes largest markets are at a standstill,lesving European grocery retailershungry for opportunities to grow.Most leading retailers have alteady tried e-commerce,with limit success,andexpansion abroad.But almost all have ignored t
50、he big.profitable opportunity in their own backyard the wholesalefood and drink trade,whoch appears to be just the kind of market retailers need.CWill such variations bring about a change in the overall structure of the food and drinkmarket?Definitelynot.The functioning of the market is basrd on fle