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1、近十年考研英语一真题及答案Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as “a bodily exercise precious to health. But -some claims to the contrary, la
2、ughing probably has little influence on physical illness Laughter does short-termchanges in the function of the heart and its blood vessels,heart rate and oxygen consumption But because hard laughter is difficult to, a good laugh is unlikely to have benefits the way, say, walking or jogging does., i
3、nstead of straining muscles to build them, as exercise docs, laughter apparently accomplishes the, studies dating back to the 1930s indicate that laughter, muscles,Such bodily reaction might conceivably help the effects of psychological stress.Anyway,the act of laughingprobably does produce other ty
4、pes of feedback,that improve an individuals emotional state. oneclassical theory of emotion,our feelings are partially rooted physical reactions. It was argued at the end ofthe 19th century that humans do not cry they are sad but they become sad when te tears begin to flow.Although sadness also tear
5、s,evidence suggests that emotions can flow muscular responses.In anexperiment published in 1988,social psychologist Fritz.1. Aamong Bexcept Cdespite Dlike2. Areflect Bdemand Cindicate Dproduce3. Astabilizing Bboosting Cimpairing Ddetermining4. Atransmit Bsustain Cevaluate Dobserve5. Ameasurable Bman
6、ageablc Caflfordable Drenewablc6. AIn turn BIn fact CIn addition DIn brief7. Aopposite Bimpossible Caverage Dexpccted8. Ahardens Bweakens Ctightens Drelaxes9. Aaggravate Bgcncrate Cmoderate Dcnhance10. Aphysical Bmental Csubconscious Dintemal11. AExcept for BAccording to CDue to DAs for12. Awith Bon
7、 Cin Dat13. Aunless Buntil Cif Dbecause14. Aexhausts Bfbllows Cprecedes Dsuppresses15. Ainto Bfrom Ctowards Dbeyond16. Afetch Bbite Cpick Dhold17. Adisappointed Bexcitcd Cjoyful Dindifferent18. Aadapted Bcatered Ctumed Dreacted19. Asuggcsting Brequiring Cmcntioning Dsupposing20. AEventually BConsequ
8、ently CSimilarly DConverselySection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)Text 1The decision of the New York Philhannonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next mus
9、ic director has been the talk of the classical-music world ever since the sudden announcement of his appointment in 2009. For the most part, the response has been favorable, to say the least.Hooray! At last!” wrote Anthony Tommasini, a sober-sided classical-music critic.One of the reasons why the ap
10、pointment came as such a surprise, however, is that Gilbert is comparatively little known. Even Tommasini, who had advocated Gilberts appointment in the Times, calls him “an unpretentious musician with no air of the formidable conductor about him. As a description of the next music director of an or
11、chestra that has hitherto been led by musicians like Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez, that seems likely to have struck at least some Times readers as faint praise.For my part, I have no idea whether Gilbert is a great conductor or even a good one. To be sure, he performs an impressive variety of int
12、eresting compositions, but it is not necessary for me to visit Avery Fisher Hall, or anywhere else, to hear interesting orchestral music. All I have to do is to go to my CD shelf, or boot up my computer and download still more recorded music from iTunes.Devoted concertgoers who reply that recordings
13、 are no substitute for live performance are missing the point. For the time, attention, and money of the art-loving public, classical instrumentalists must compete not only with opera houses, dance troupes, theater companies, and museums, but also with the recorded performances of the great classica
14、l musicians of the 20th century. There recordings are cheap, available everywhere, and very often much higher in artistic quality than todays live performances; moreover, they can be “consumed“ at a time and place of the listeners choosing. The widespread availability of such recordings has thus bro
15、ught about a crisis in the institution of the traditional classical concert.One possible response is fbr classical performers to program attractive new music that is not yet available on record. Gilberts own interest in new music has been widely noted: Alex Ross, a classical-music critic, has descri
16、bed him as a man who is capable of turning the Philharmonic into “a markedly different, more vibrant organization.But what will be the nature of that difference? Merely expanding the orchestras repertoire will not be enough. If Gilbert and the Philharmonic are to succeed, they must first change the
17、relationship between Americas oldest orchestra and the new audience it hops to attract.21. We learn from Para.1 that Gilberts appointment hasAincurred criticism.Braised suspicion.Creceived acclaim.Daroused curiosity.22. Tommasini regards Gilbert as an artist who isAinfluential.Bmodest.Crespectable.D
18、talented.23. The author believes that the devoted concertgoersAignore the expenses of live performances.Brcject most kinds of recorded performances.Cexaggerate the variety of live performances.Doverestimate the value of live performances.24. According to the text, which of the following is true of r
19、ecordings?AThey are often inferior to live concerts in quality.BThey are easily accessible to the general public.CThey help improve the quality of music.DThey have only covered masterpieces.25. Regarding Gilberts role in revitalizing the Philharmonic, the author feels AdoubtfuLBcnthusiastic.Cconfide
20、nt.Dpuzzlcd.Text 2When Liam McGee departed as president of Bank of America in August, his explanation was surprisingly straight up. Rather than cloaking his exit in the usual vague excuses, he came right out and said he was leaving ”to pursue my goal of running a company. Broadcasting his ambition w
21、as “very much my decision,McGee says. Within two weeks, he was talking for the first time with the board of Hartford Financial Services Group, which named him CEO and chairman on September 29.McGee says leaving without a position lined up gave him time to reflect on what kind of company he wanted to
22、 run. It also sent a clear message to the outside world about his aspirations. And McGee isnt alone. In recent weeks the No.2 executives at Avon and American Express quit with the explanation that they were looking for a CEO post. As boards scrutinize succession plans in response to shareholder pres
23、sure, executives who dont get the nod also may wish to move on. A turbulent business environment also has senior managers cautious of letting vague pronouncements cloud their reputations.As the first signs of recovery begin to take hold, deputy chiefs may be more willing to make the jump without a n
24、et. In the third quarter, CEO turnover was down 23% from a year ago as nervous boards stuck with the leaders they had, according to Liberum Research. As the economy picks up, opportunities will abound fbr aspiring leaders.The decision to quit a senior position to look fbr a better one is unconventio
25、nal. For years executives and headhunters have adhered to the rule that the most attractive CEO candidates are the ones who must be poached. Says Kom/Ferry senior partner Dennis Carey:MI cant think of a single search Ive done where a board has not instructed me to look at sitting CEOs first.”Those w
26、ho jumped without a job havent always landed in top positions quickly. Ellen Marram quit as chief of Tropicana a decade age, saying she wanted to be a CEO. It was a year before she became head of a tiny Internet-based commodities exchange. Robert Willumstad left Citigroup in 2005 with ambitions to b
27、e a CEO. He finally took that post at a major financial institution three years later.Many recruiters say the old disgrace is fading fbr top performers. The financial crisis has made it more acceptable to be between jobs or to leave a bad one.The traditional rule was its safer to stay where you are,
28、 but thats been fundamentally inverted,“ says one headhunter. fctThe people whove been hurt the worst are those whove stayed too long.”26. When McGee announced his departure, his manner can best be described as being Aarrogant.Bfrank.Cself-centered.Dimpulsive.27. According to Paragraph 2, senior exe
29、cutives, quitting may be spurred byAtheir expectation of better financial status.Btheir need to reflect on their private life.Ctheir strained relations with the boards.Dtheir pursuit of new career goals.28. The word “poached”(Line 3, Paragraph 4) most probably means Aapproved of.Battcndcd to.Chunted
30、 for.Dguardcd against.29. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that Atop performers used to cling to their posts.B loyalty of top performers is getting out-dated.Ctop performers care more about reputations.Dits safer to stick to the traditional rules.30. Which of the following is the best titl
31、e for the text?ACEOs: Where to Go?BCEOs: All the Way Up?CTop Managers Jump without a NetDThe Only Way Out for Top PerformersText 3The rough guide to marketing success used to be that you got what you paid fbr. No longer. While traditional “paid media - such as television commercials and print advert
32、isements - still play a major role, companies today can exploit many alternative forms of media. Consumers passionate about a product may create “owned“ media by sending e-mail alerts about products and sales to customers registered with its Web site. The way consumers now approach the broad range o
33、f factors beyond conventional paid media.Paid and owned media are controlled by marketers promoting their own products. For earned media , such marketers act as the initiator fbr users responses. But in some cases, one marketers owned media become another marketers paid media - fbr instance, when an
34、 e-commerce retailer sells ad space on its Web site. We define such sold media as owned media whose traffic is so strong that other organizations place their content or e-commerce engines within that environment. This trend ,which we believe is still in its infancy, effectively began with retailers
35、and travel providers such as airlines and hotels and will no doubt go further. Johnson & Johnson, fbr example, has created BabyCenter, a stand-alone media property that promotes complementary and even competitive products. Besides generating income, the presence of other marketers makes the site see
36、m objective, gives companies opportunities to learn valuable information about the appeal of other companies marketing, and may help expand user traffic fbr all companies concerned.The same dramatic technological changes that have provided marketers with more (and more diverse) communications choice
37、s have also increased the risk that passionate consumers will voice their opinions in quicker, more visible, and much more damaging ways. Such hijacked media are the opposite of earned media: an asset or campaign becomes hostage to consumers, other stakeholders, or activists who make negative allega
38、tions about a brand or product. Members of social networks, fbr instance, are learning that they can hijack media to apply pressure on the businesses that originally created them.If that happens, passionate consumers would try to persuade others to boycott products, putting the reputation of the tar
39、get company at risk. In such a case, the companys response may not be sufficiently quick or thoughtful, and the learning curve has been steep. Toyota Motor, fbr example, alleviated some of the damage from its recall crisis earlier this year with a relatively quick and well-orchestrated social-media
40、response campaign, which included efforts to engage with consumers directly on sites such as Twitter and the social-news site Digg.31. .Consumers may create “earned“ media when they areA obsessed with online shopping at certain Web sites.B inspired by product-promoting c-mails sent to them.C eager t
41、o help their friends promote quality products.D enthusiastic about recommending their favorite products.32. According to Paragraph 2,sold media featureA a safe business environment.B random competition.C strong user traffic.D flexibility in organization.33. The author indicates in Paragraph 3 that e
42、arned mediaA invite constant conflicts with passionate consumers.B can be used to produce negative effects in marketing.C may be responsible fbr fiercer competition.D deserve all the negative comments about them.34. Toyota Motors experience is cited as an example ofA responding effectively to hijack
43、ed media.B persuading customers into boycotting products.C cooperating with supportive consumers.D taking advantage of hijacked media.35. Which of the following is the text mainly about ?A Alternatives to conventional paid media.B Conflict between hijacked and earned media.C Dominance of hijacked me
44、dia.D Popularity of owned media.Text 4Its no surprise that Jennifer Seniors insightful, provocative magazine cover story,441 love My Children, I Hate My Life, is arousing much chatter - nothing gets people talking like the suggestion that child rearing is anything less than a completely fulfilling,
45、life-enriching experience. Rather than concluding that children make parents either happy or miserable, Senior suggests we need to redefine happiness: instead of thinking of it as something that can be measured by moment-to-moment joy, we should consider being happy as a past-tense condition. Even t
46、hough the day-to-day experience of raising kids can be soul-crushingly hard. Senior writes that “the very things that in the moment dampen our moods can later be sources of intense gratification and delight.”The magazine cover showing an attractive mother holding a cute baby is hardly the only Madon
47、na-and-child image on newsstands this week. There are also stories about newly adoptive - and newly single - mom Sandra Bullock, as well as the usual Jennifer Aniston is pregnant news. Practically every week features at least one celebrity mom, or mom-to-be, smiling on the newsstands.In a society th
48、at so persistently celebrates procreation, is it any wonder that admitting you regret having children is equivalent to admitting you support kitten-killing ? It doesnt seem quite fair, then, to compare the regrets of parents to the regrets of the children. Unhappy parents rarely are provoked to wonder