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1、LessonlO1.Survive 幸存live alive stay aliverevive revival 复活 recoversurvive survival例句：But unlike their absolutist 独裁者 counterparts 对立面 in the Gulfand Asia,most royal families have survived(暗示皇室现在的生存状态远不如过去)because they allow voters 选民 to avoid the difficult searchfor a non-controversial but respected
2、 public figure 人物Figure=data=shape2.excess(excessive)excess为中性动词 超过 A be in excess of B例 句：Americans,she finds(that),buy roughly 20 billion garments a,一about 64 items per personra n d no m a tte r h o w m u c h mey giveaway(donate 捐赠),this excess 过量 leads to waste.Exc?Ssive/excessively 过量的彳列句:One is
3、 the excessive costs=spending 花费 of a legal education,exceed=surpass例 句:the divorce rate in Japan exceeds that in the U.S3.encounter=conflict1counter柜台 adj.相反的encounter遭 遇 对 抗例 句：After a bruising encounter with Congress,America1 s FinancialAccounting Standards Board（FASB）rushed through rule changesc
4、ounterpart副本相对物（地位相当的相反面）Counterfeit 仿造品 fakeCounteract 抵消 raise the interest 利 息，利益 to counteract theinflation通货膨胀Interest group利益相关人群例 句:If we can understand how cancer works,we can counteract itsaction4.intrusivenessintrudeinvade都是入侵invade相对更加突出入侵，而intrude强调不受欢迎的进入intrusion intrusiveness例句：The Lo
5、ndon agents 代理商（地产商）Stirling Ackroyd recentlyidentified 发现 enough sites for half of million houses in the London areaalne,而由 no intrusion on green belt=area 绿化带invasion=aggression 侵略2intrusiveinvasive两个是形容词 等 同 于aggressive例 句：Countries that still think foreign investment is an invasion 入侵of their so
6、vereignty 主权 might well study the history of infrastructure(the basic structural foundao n s 0f a society)in the United States常见社会类中性词1.reply=correspondreply 名词 回应 建议信：I am looking forward to your early reply动 词 回 应例 句：how do you reply to somebody who says I don t like thiscontract?Correspondence 回应
7、,一致,通信例 句：A smartphone may contain an arrestee s reading history,financial history,medical history and comprehensive records ofrecent correspondence 通信.2.reshape=reverse 改变(change)=revise 彳 笏 丁shape外形reshape 重塑例 句:curb 削弱 our ambition 野心 to reshape historyReverse3例 句：Anyone can see this trend is uns
8、ustainable.Yet few seem willingto try to reverse it3.cease=halt=stop 停止cease fire 停火ceaseless 不停止的 unstoppableHopeless homeless例句:There will eventually come a day when The New York Timesceases=stop to publish stories on newsprint.4.associate 联系,联想=connectassociate A with B 被动 A be associated with Bc
9、onnect A with B 将 A 与 B 联系起来例 子：Britain r s Labor Party,as its name implies,has long beenassociated with trade unionism（为了工人的利益而存在的组织）Association 组织,联盟=organizationreligious associations 宗教组织in association with在.的帮助下;同时发生,共存例 子:the American Statistical Association美国统计协会（不是考点）=agent5.Classify4class 等
10、 级 层 级 hierarchy hierarchicalFirst class 头等舱classic 经典的，一流的例 句：Instead of a plan of action,they continue to press=push formore research a classic 经曲的 c a se of“paralysis 瘫痪 by analysis分析”.classical古典的例 句：One possible response is for classical performers 音乐家,演奏家to program 编曲 attractive new music that
11、 is not yet available onrecord 唱片.classify 分类classification 分类例 句:The standardized educational or psychological test that arewidely used to aid in selecting,classifying,assigning,or promotingstudents,employees,and military personnel have been the target ofrecent attacks jn books,magazines,the daily
12、press,and even incongress.6.scrutinyscrutiny 审查，审核 review例 句:But让takes花 费collective共同的,集 体 的scrutiny审 核andacceptance 接受=认可 to transform a discovery claim into a mature5discovery.（这个词一般都和科研相关）Scrutinize=check=verify 辨明真伪仔细检查Successive 连续的Successor例 句：As boards scrutinize succession 继任 plans in response toshareholder pressure,executives who don t get the nod also maywish to move on6