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1、Lesson 2Incentive激 励/刺 激，指的是物质/金钱上的刺激（motivation激励 鸡 汤”Subsidy津 贴（数额稍微大一点“allowance零花钱（数额小一点）/9rant基 金（fund）/授 予（钱）Incentive例 句：A bill=law 账单，法案 by Democratic Senator 参议员 Robert Byrd of West Virginia（后置定语），whichwould offer financial incentives（背景知识:降税 tax/发补贴）for private industry私营企业（定语从句），isa promi
2、sing startState-owned industry 国营企业Promising有前景的Trying棘手的He is a Learned 博学的 student.Subsidy 津贴-ly副 词 句 中 做 状 语，表程度I love youI love you deeply 我爰死你了I love you slightly我爱上你了（我对你有爰意了）I hardly/rarely/seldom/barely love you 我不爱你例句:The townsfolk 小镇居民 don t see it this way（不这么看）a n d（句间并列，看一半即可）local 811门
3、（:“（委 员 会-议 会-）doesnot contribute directly to=give the subsidy 津贴（钱）of the Royal Shakespeare 莎士比亚 Company言下之意：当地政府不是特别看得上这家公司Allowance零花钱例句：Instead=However,the claimant 申请者 receives atime-limited 有时限的allowance 救 济 金conditional=based on 基 于 actively seeking a job;noentitlement 权 禾 I （birth-right）and
4、no insurance 保障，at71.70 a week,one of the least generous 慷慨的二最小气的in the EU.WageGrant例 句：federal research grants rose fourfold=four timesbetween 1960 and 1990例句:Over the past decade,thousands of patents（专 禾 I ）havebeen granted 授予=given for（宾从）what are called businessmethods.Be/have/make/do/say/giveta
5、ke A for granted认为A 是理所当然的Don t take my love for grantedV alu e价值/估值，重视valuableOver-value高估(价彳 1/价格)价值重视例句:Your wisdom 智慧is highly=very valued 重视:stress bythe team对 价值评估Rule规则/准则V.裁 决(The judge ruled thatooo)例 句：These rules say they must value 评估 someassets 资产(宾从)at the price(which)a third partywoul
6、d pay(定语从句),not the price(which)managersand regulators 监 管 者 would like them=assets tofetch=match.背景：金融腐败类的文章会相关Over-value例 句:It was banks that were on the wrong planet=mistake,with accounts that vastly overvalued 高估 assets 资产.My mistake=I am on the wrong planet银行坏账Currency 流 通（钱）Current n.流（sea cur
7、rent 洋流 electric current）hard currency 硬通货 gold dollarCurrent=today=nowadays=at this moment adj.当 前 的（题干和原文的同义替换的时间词）例 题：The author holds=say that the current 当 前 的collective=shared二general 共同的，集体的,大众的 doctrine信 条shows人们扭曲的价值观二对应原文In today s world,it has become normal 通常的，正常的，平常的二common=generalr col
8、lective doctrine thatwell-paid 高薪的 executives 管理者=高管 shouldnot be accountable for 对。负责 what happensin the organizations 机 构 /公 司 that theyrur=operate 运 营.（定从）Capital首都,首字母大写（capitalism）C apital资本（钱）Capitalism 资本主义例句：It（形式主语）s increasingly apparent明显的that（主 语 从 句，真 正 的 主语）theabsence=lack=dearth 缺乏二二二
9、没有 of purpose 目的,of a moral 道德的 language（道 德 观 念）withingovernment,media or business（主语）could become（变 成，谓 语）one of the most dangerous goals forcapitalism（终极目标：自由）and freedom.”美国人不要脸，只要钱Fiscal（专指政府）财政的二financialFiscal policy财政政策后置定语:对其之前的名词做限定和解释，翻译的时候,后置定 语，前置翻译N+adj+prep+N形容词短语做后置定语例:The book（that
10、is）useful for the students is on thewayN+prep+N介词短语做后置定语例:The book（which is）on the table is mine.N+to/doing/done+N非谓语短语做后置定语例:The man（who is）walking on the street is mybrother.例 句:Finally,figures（解决 figure out/数据 data/外形shape/有影响力的人物）（who are）close to theFrench government（后置定语）have murmured 私下说二say
11、Eurozone members 欧盟成员国 shouldagree（agreement 协议）to 认可 some fiscal（钱）and social harmonization 和 谐:eg,curbing 限制competition二和谐in。甲。血坨43乂 2公司税率（钱）or labor costs（钱）.（interest rate 利率）背 景：成员国之间各种资源竞争Afford承 担，负担/affordable可负担的（与钱相关）I can afford it.AffordAffordable美国公立大学18000美金/year私立大学35000美金/year例句：Law-
12、school法学院debt债务（因）means（前 后 是 因 果）that（果）many（graduates毕 业 生）cannot afford to go into government ornon-profit（非盈利机构）work（to pay the debt）,and that（果）they have to workhard（to pay the debt）.fearsomely=veryBudget预算例 句：Todays families have budgeted to fl页 算the limits of their new two-paycheck 支 付,支票stat
13、us身份形容词廉价的dirt-cheap=budgeta budget travel agent廉价的旅游代理商Monetary（policy/inflation通货膨胀-控制消费-加息/deflation通货紧缩刺激消费一降息）货币的Monetary policy 货币政策Interest rate adjustment 利率调整Stock/stock-market 月 殳 市/share/shareholder 股东Stock股票 share股份=钱经济萧条1.Depression 大萧条（CET4/6）/slump 大幅度下降Great Depression2.Crisis 危机Fina
14、ncial crisis/housing crisis/recall crisis 召回危机3.Decline 衰退/downturn 下行/recession 不景气declineEconomic declineMoral decline道德沦丧/败坏Mournful令 人 哀 叹 的Decline衰 退/衰 败ofJournalism 新闻业The fashion industry would decline 衰退.RecessionRecess例 句:Meanwhile,as=when the recession islooming=gradually/becoming 越 来 越 la
15、rge,people are getting anxious4.Standstill/stagnation 静 止，停 滞（经济类-贬义）【字母组合st表 示 不 动，稳 定 】standard n.标准 standardize a standardized exam 标准化测试(gauge/criteria)steady adj.a steady job increasestable adj.相对出现频率更高彳列句：the African plates has been stable for 30 million yearsstill adv.stand stillestablish v.established establishing establishmentan established system an traditional systemstagnant例 句：Retail sales of food and drink in Europe s largestmarkets are at a standstillstr引申为力量stress n.压力 重点强调RestrainConstrain I am constrained in a small town