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1、Contents货币时间价值1资本成本2本量利分析2风险与收益3货币时间价值概述 1单利和复利23特殊问题 42年金Hot Tip:货币时间价值概念o 2008年12月23日,五年期以上商业贷款利率由6.12%降为5.94%。影响1.以个人住房商业贷款50万元(20年)计算,降息后每月还款额将减少52元。影响2.在12月23日以后贷款50万元(20年)的购房者,在20年中,累计需要还款85万5千多元,需要多还银行35万元余元。Hot Tip:货币时间价值概念o 是指货币经历一段时间的投资和再投资所增加的价值,也称资金的时间价值。n 思考:货币时间价值产生的根源是什么?1、将钱放在口袋里会产生时
2、间价值吗?2、停顿中的资金会产生时间价值吗?3、企业加速资金的周转会增值时间价值吗?货币时间价值的理解1.1.货币时间价值产生的前提;2.2.从量的规定性来看,货币时间价值是没有风险和没有通货膨胀条件下的社会平均利润率。3.3.不同时点上的等量货币价值是不同的。2.2.从量的规定性来看:没有风险+没有通货膨胀+社会平均利润率。3.3.不同时点上等量货币价值不同4.4.两种表现形式货币时间价值的衡量单利单利终值单利现值复利复利终值复利现值年金年金终值年金现值货币时间价值概述 1单利和复利23特殊问题 42年金单利终值:就是本利和。是指当前的一笔资金在单利计息方式下若干期后所具有的价值。单利终值公
3、式:2023/5/9单利终值和单利现值 单利现值:是指未来收到或付出资金的现在价值。其计算公式为(倒求本金):2023/5/9单利终值和单利现值由终值求现值,称为贴现。i称为贴现率。复利:每一计息期都将所生利息计入本金再计利息的计息方式。复利终值:是指若干期后以复利方式计息的本金的本利和。2023/5/9复利终值和复利现值复利终值的计算公式2023/5/9上述公式中的 称为复利终值系数(Future Value Interest Factor),可以写成FVIF.复利终值的计算公式其中:复利现值是指未来年份收到或支付的现金在当前的价值2023/5/9复利终值和复利现值 称为复利现值系 数,简写
4、为 PVIF i,n复利现值的计算公式金融机构人民币存款基准利率货币政策司2011.7.8金融机构人民币贷款基准利率货币政策司2011.7.8单利计算案例1.某同学家有闲置现金5万元以定期存款方式存入银行,存期3年,请计算终值。(i=5%)2.某同学家5年前将闲置现金以定期存款方式存入银行,存期3年,到期从银行取回现金5.5万元,请计算当时存入多少钱?(i=5%)复利计算案例1.某同学家有闲置现金5万元以定期存款方式存入银行,复利计息,存期3年,请计算终值。(i=5%)2.某同学家5年前将闲置现金以定期存款方式存入银行,存期3年,到期从银行取回现金5.5万元,复利计息,请计算当时存入多少钱?(
5、i=5%)货币时间价值概述 1单利和复利23特殊问题 42年金o 等额、等期、一系列收支称为年金。特殊形式的现金流。常见形态:租金、利息、折旧、公积金、养老金等。Image information in product Title Image-School life_PHOTODISC(MULTIBITS),School Days_EYEWIRE(NFINE)Note to customers:This image has been licensed to be used within this PowerPoint template only.You may not extract the
6、image for any other use.t=0 t=3 t=2 t=4 t=1 n A A A A A年 金后付年金先付年金递延年金永续年金年金类型 后付年金的终值2023/5/9后付年金每期期末有等额收付款项的年金。后付年金的终值的计算公式:年金终值和现值-后付年金终值和现值计算称为后付年金终值系数,查表可得。2023/5/9 后付年金的终值A 代表年金额;i代表利息率;n代表计息期数;年金终值和现值-后付年金终值和现值计算 后付年金的现值2023/5/9后付年金现值的计算公式:后付年金终值和现值计算称为后付年金现值系数,查表可得。2023/5/9 后付年金的现值后付年金终值和现值计
7、算后付年金计算案例1.某人在5年中每年年底存入银行10000元,年存款利率为6%,复利计息,则第5年年末年金终值是?2.某人准备在今后5年中每年年末从银行取10000元,如果年利息率为6%,则现在应存入多少元?2023/5/9先付年金每期期初有等额收付款项的年金。l 先付年金的终值先付年金的终值的计算公式:先付年金终值和现值计算 先付年金的现值2023/5/9先付年金现值的计算公式:先付年金终值和现值计算先付年金计算案例1.某人每年年初存入银行10000元,银行年存款利率为8%,则第十年末的本利和应为多少?2.某企业租用一台设备,在10年中每年年初要支付租金5000元,年利息率为8%,则这些租
8、金的现值是?2023/5/9l 延期年金的现值延期年金的现值计算公式:延期年金最初若干期没有收付款项的情况下,后面若干期等额的系列收付款项的年金。2023/5/9永续年金期限为无穷的年金。l 永续年金的现值永续年金现值的计算公式:永续年金现值计算递延年金和永续年金计算案例1.某企业向银行借入一笔款项,银行贷款的年利息率为8%,银行规定前10年不需还本付息,但从第11年至第20年每年年末偿还本息1000元,则这笔款项的现值应是?2.Facebook的创始人马克.扎克伯格想创建一项奖金用于奖励在IT界作出卓越贡献的人,每年获奖者得到的奖金数额为50万美元,在当前美元利率为3%情况下,他应该拿出多少
9、钱来创建?货币时间价值概述 1单利和复利23特殊问题 42年金 某人每年年末都将节省下来的工资存入银行,其存款额如下表所示,贴现率为5%,求这笔不等额存款的现值。Image information in product Title Image-School life_PHOTODISC(MULTIBITS),School Days_EYEWIRE(NFINE)Note to customers:This image has been licensed to be used within this PowerPoint template only.You may not extract the
10、image for any other use.1.不等额现金流量现值的计算 某公司投资了一个新项目,新项目投产后每年获得的现金流入量如下表所示,贴现率为9%,求这一系列现金流入量的现值。Image information in product Title Image-School life_PHOTODISC(MULTIBITS),School Days_EYEWIRE(NFINE)Note to customers:This image has been licensed to be used within this PowerPoint template only.You may not
11、 extract the image for any other use.2.年金和不等额现金流量混合情况下的现值 把100元存入银行,10年后可获本利和259.4元,问银行存款的利率为多少?Image information in product Title Image-School life_PHOTODISC(MULTIBITS),School Days_EYEWIRE(NFINE)Note to customers:This image has been licensed to be used within this PowerPoint template only.You may n
12、ot extract the image for any other use.3.贴现率的计算How?当计算出的现值系数不能正好等于系数表中的某个数值,怎么办呢?现在向银行存入5000元,在利率为多少时,才能保证在今后10年中每年得到750元。3.贴现率的计算接下来怎么办呢?某人准备在第5年底获得1000元收入,年利息率为10%。若(1)每年计息一次,问现在应存入多少钱?(2)每半年计息一次,现在应存入多少钱?4.名义利率和实际利率How?名义利率&实际利率?哇!真麻烦,好烦闷啊。Diagram当计息期短于1年,而使用的利率又是年利率时,计息期数和计息率应分别进行调整4.名义利率和实际利率Di
13、agram4.名义利率和实际利率两者间的关系Diagram名义利率是一年计息一次的利率。实际利率是指每年计息次数超过一次是所提供的利息对应的利率。DiagramAdd Your Text Add Your Text Add Your Text Add Your Text Add Your Text Add Your TextText Text TextYour text in hereYour text in hereYour text in hereYour text in hereYour text in here Click to add Title Click to add Title
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