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1、会计学1现代大学英语精读现代大学英语精读2 lesson3IntroductionTopic Discussion:(Brainstorming)Topic Discussion:(Brainstorming)1.What do you know about the crime problem in the States?2.What do you think can be attributed to a constant increase in crime nowadays?第1页/共50页Suggested Answer What do you know about the crime p
2、roblem in the States?What do you know about the crime problem in the States?n n1)1)Personal property crimes(theft,robbery,mugging,burgling,purse-snatching,shoplifting)Personal property crimes(theft,robbery,mugging,burgling,purse-snatching,shoplifting)n n2)2)economic crimes(embezzlement,smuggling,etc
3、.)economic crimes(embezzlement,smuggling,etc.)n n3)3)political crimes(bribery,terrorism,betrayal)political crimes(bribery,terrorism,betrayal)n n4)4)computer crimes(hacking)computer crimes(hacking)n n5)5)sexual crimes(rape,sexual harassment)sexual crimes(rape,sexual harassment)n n6)6)juvenile delinqu
4、ency(drug-abuse,violence)juvenile delinquency(drug-abuse,violence)n n7)7)murderingmurderingn n8)8)drug-traffickingdrug-trafficking第2页/共50页Suggested Answern nWhat do you think can be attributed to a constant increase in crime nowadays?1)1)poverty(Poverty is the mother of crime.)poverty(Poverty is the
5、 mother of crime.)2)2)the gap between the rich and the poorthe gap between the rich and the poor3)3)poor educationpoor education4)4)the lack of moral powerthe lack of moral power5)5)ineffective legislationineffective legislation6)6)the lack of effective enforcement of lawsthe lack of effective enfor
6、cement of laws第3页/共50页Suggested Answer7)ill cultural influence from history or from other countries8)lenient punishment from the police and court9)racial hatred10)money worship11)TV violencen n 第4页/共50页Structure of the textn nIntroduction:(Para1Introduction:(Para13)The writer describes how serious t
7、he 3)The writer describes how serious the crime problem is in the States and introduces the main idea of crime problem is in the States and introduces the main idea of the text:punishment does not reduce crime.the text:punishment does not reduce crime.第5页/共50页Structure of the textn nBodyBody:(Para 4
8、-9):(Para 4-9)He analyses the reasons why punishment doesnt deter punishment.n n Supporting point 1.:There are too many criminal to be locked up Supporting point 1.:There are too many criminal to be locked up n n Supporting point 2.:the public is unwilling to pay for prison construction Supporting p
9、oint 2.:the public is unwilling to pay for prison constructionn n Supporting point 3.:Longer prison sentences are not only too expensive to be Supporting point 3.:Longer prison sentences are not only too expensive to be feasible,but also ineffectual.feasible,but also ineffectual.n n 第6页/共50页Structur
10、e of the textn nConclusion(Para 10)He restates his argument:getting tough Conclusion(Para 10)He restates his argument:getting tough with criminals is not the answer to the crime problem.with criminals is not the answer to the crime problem.第7页/共50页Writing techniquesn n1.1.How to support an argumentn
11、 n1)1)by express your opinion clearly in a topic sentenceby express your opinion clearly in a topic sentencen n2)2)by giving relevant and accurate reasons or facts as evidenceby giving relevant and accurate reasons or facts as evidencen n3)3)by showing statistical informationby showing statistical i
12、nformationn n4)4)by giving examplesby giving examplesn n5)5)by giving quotations (not in this text)by giving quotations (not in this text)第8页/共50页Writing Techniquesn n1)1)Analogy:the comparison of two seemingly unlike things for the purpose of Analogy:the comparison of two seemingly unlike things fo
13、r the purpose of illustration.The comparison is possible because the two have something in common.illustration.The comparison is possible because the two have something in common.(Para 4)(Para 4)n nEg:Military strategy may bear some similarity to the Eg:Military strategy may bear some similarity to
14、the chessboard.chessboard.n n2)2)Rhetorical Questions(Para 2)Rhetorical Questions(Para 2)n n3)3)Selective Use of Repetition(Para 6)Selective Use of Repetition(Para 6)n n4)4)Frequent use of Statistical informationFrequent use of Statistical information第9页/共50页New Words and Expressions1.1.get touch wi
15、thget touch with2.amount to 2.amount to 3.under supervision/under the supervision of3.under supervision/under the supervision of4.l4.lo ock away/lock upck away/lock up5.go down/go up5.go down/go up6.afford6.afford7.give out7.give out8.the other way around8.the other way around9.decline9.decline第10页/
16、共50页New Words and Expressions10.10.gain admission to/release/onegain admission to/release/one s approvals approval11.11.eliteelite12.12.exclusiveexclusive13.13.be soft/easy on sb.be soft/easy on sb.14.14.convictconvict15.15.have charge of have charge of 16.16.dismissdismiss17.17.selectselect18.18.re
17、leaserelease第11页/共50页New Words and Expressions19.measure sth.against sth.20.a drop in the bucket21.work out to22.be faced with第12页/共50页Wordsn nget tough with:to become harsh/severe/unyielding with :to become harsh/severe/unyielding with n neg:The school asked the police to get tough with the neighbo
18、urhood bullies eg:The school asked the police to get tough with the neighbourhood bullies who were constantly shaking the children down.who were constantly shaking the children down.n n据悉，据悉，据悉，据悉，我国有关部门将在春节期间严厉惩办票贩子。我国有关部门将在春节期间严厉惩办票贩子。我国有关部门将在春节期间严厉惩办票贩子。我国有关部门将在春节期间严厉惩办票贩子。n nIt is reported that
19、the authorities concerned will get touch with scalpers It is reported that the authorities concerned will get touch with scalpers during the Spring Festival.during the Spring Festival.第13页/共50页Wordsn namount to sth.：to be equal to,in quantity or in meaning./add up ton nEg:1.The building cost of this
20、 tower will amount to four million dollars.n n 2.His father once said he would never amount to anything.(他决不会有什么出息。第14页/共50页Wordsn nunder ones supervision/under the supervision of:under the control of n nEg:The firms account is under the supervision of the director.n n What he should say and do is u
21、nder the supervision of his family.第15页/共50页Wordsn nlock sb.away/lock up:(informal)to put sb.in prisonn neg:He committed suicide when locked up.n nlock sth.away/up:put sth.in a safe place or fasten the lockn neg:He locks all the spoils(赃物)in a safe.第16页/共50页Wordsn ngo up:rise/increase/ascend n n go
22、down:fall/decline/decrease/descendn naffordafford:(usu.used with can/be able to)to be able to do sth.without serious damage or loss,第17页/共50页Wordsn neg:1.afford to doeg:1.afford to don nI canI can t afford to take off two weeks from my work.t afford to take off two weeks from my work.n n 2.afford st
23、h.2.afford sth.n n I can I can t afford a two-week leave.t afford a two-week leave.n n3.afford sb.sth.:(fml.)provide sb.sth.3.afford sb.sth.:(fml.)provide sb.sth.n n The job seems to afford her a peculiar satisfaction.The job seems to afford her a peculiar satisfaction.n n His grandson afforded him
24、his greatest pleasure in his old age.His grandson afforded him his greatest pleasure in his old age.第18页/共50页Wordsn ngive out:a.to announce publicly,to enforce(in the text)n neg:1)The radio has just given out the basketball results.n n2)The names of prize-winners were given out in the awarding cerem
25、ony.n nb.to hand out/distribute第19页/共50页Wordsn neg:When teachers give out the examination paper,everyone should keep quiet.n e to an endn neg:They had just reached home when the petrol gave out.n n The supplies are beginning to give out.第20页/共50页Wordsn ndeter:1)to deter sth.:to discourage,check or p
26、revent sth.through the threat of sth.unpleastant,n neg:The University enforces severe punishment to deter cheating in exams.n n Harsh punishment didnt deter piracy.第21页/共50页Wordsn n2)deter sb.from sth./doing sth.:to make sb.decide not to do sth.or continue doing sth.,esp.by making them understand th
27、e difficulties and unpleasant results of their actionsn neg:The high housing price doesnt deter people from buying houses.n n Such discrimination didnt deter women from seeking work.第22页/共50页Wordsn nthe other way around:the opposite situationn neg:I thought I could teach him a good lesson but it was
28、 the other way(a)round.n n He didnt divorce his wife.It was the other way round.第23页/共50页Wordsn ndeclinedecline:v.1)vi.diminish,become smaller,weaker,fewer,etc.eg:Prices on the stock market declined.n nHis health was declining.n nThe nation declines as a world power.第24页/共50页Wordsn n2)vi./vt.refuse(
29、sth.offered),usu.politelyn n eg:The witness declined to answer any questions.n n She declined,naturally,to have anything to do with us.第25页/共50页Wordsn.gradual and continuous loss of power,strength,etc.n.gradual and continuous loss of power,strength,etc.a decline in sth.a decline in sth.eg:There has
30、been a decline in real salary recently.eg:There has been a decline in real salary recently.fall/go into a declinefall/go into a declineeg:eg:on the declineon the declineeg:Unemployment has been on the decline in these areas.eg:Unemployment has been on the decline in these areas.第26页/共50页Wordsn ngain
31、 admission to/release/ones approvaln nelite:social group considered to be the best or most important because of their power,talent,wealth,etc.(often derog)eg:a small intellectual elite n n(attri.)best,top,select,considered to be the best of 第27页/共50页Wordsn neg:elite investment banker/elite universit
32、y/elite training establishmentsn nexclusive:1.sth.that is exclusive is n n1.1 available only to people who are rich or who belong to a high social class.Eg:an exclusive residential district第28页/共50页Wordsn n1.2 used or owned by only one person or group,and not shared with anyone else.n nEg:They have
33、exclusive use of the meeting room.n nThe real estate has exclusive right to sell the house.n n An exclusive agency第29页/共50页Wordsn n.If two things are mutually exclusive,they cant exist together.n n Eg:There is no reason why these two functions should be mutually exclusive.n n 3.exclusive of sth.:not
34、 including/excludingn n eg:Sales,exclusive of this month,has amounted to one million dollars 第30页/共50页Wordsn nbe soft/easy on sb.(infml)to be less severe,to act or proceed with caution,n n eg:The management should be soft/easy on layoffs.(妥善对待).n nc.f.go easy on sb.:used to tell sb.not to punish or
35、treat a person too severelyn neg:Go easy on these little children and let them enjoy themselves more.n n Go easy on her.After all,she isnt a professional player.第31页/共50页Wordsn ngo easy on sth.:to avoid using too much of sth.n n eg:I suggested to him that he should go easy on publicity for a while.n
36、 n Go easy on the cake.There isnt much left.第32页/共50页Wordsn nconvict:v.(a jury or a judge)declare in the law court that sb.is guilty of a crime.n n convict sb.of (a crime)n neg:The fingerprints found on the gun was used to convict her of murder.n n He has been convicted of robbery 第33页/共50页Wordsn na
37、 convicted murderern nconvict:n.a person who is convicted and is being punished in prison.n nconviction:n.第34页/共50页Wordsn nhave charge of:have responsibility for sth.n neg:His mother died several years ago and he had charge of his younger sister when his father left home.n nIn charge of/in the charg
38、e of/leave in charge of(交由某人管理)/take charge of sth.(负责管理/照顾)n nEg:He will take charge of all arrangements.第35页/共50页Wordsn ndismiss n n1)(from)to refuse to consider(a subject or idea)seriously不考虑，轻率地说n nEg:He just laughed,and dismissed the idea as impossible.n n 2)(from)to remove from a job解雇，使离职n nE
39、g:If you are late again youll be dismissed from your job.第36页/共50页Wordsn n3)(from)to send away or allow to go（下课）让走掉，使散会n nEg:The teacher dismissed the class early.n n4)(of a judge)to stop(a court case)before a result is reached.n n 律驳回，对不受理n nEg:The judge dismissed all the charges against Smith.第37
40、页/共50页Wordsn nselect:adj.1.carefully chosen,esp.as being the best out of a larger groupn n eg:The book is a select collection of poetry from various authors.n n 2.(of a society,club,gathering,etc)admitting only certain people;exclusive n n eg:Only a select few were invited to the party.n n She belon
41、gs to a very select club.第38页/共50页Wordsn nrelease:release sb/sth.from sth.:n nto set sb./sth.freeto set sb./sth.freen neg:The convict was released from prison after serving a ten-year sentence.n n His suicide may release him from his deep remorse.n nto allow(news)to be made to allow(news)to be made
42、knownknownn neg:No news will be released to the public until we give you the go-ahead.第39页/共50页Wordsn nto make sth.available to the to make sth.available to the publicpublicn neg:Her new movie will be released next week.n nmeasure sth.against sth.:to judge a person or sth.by comparing with another p
43、erson or thing(weigh sth.against sth.)n neg:Our production costs are high,when measured against the worlds advanced level.第40页/共50页Wordsn n She always measures her performance against that of the best saleswoman in her company.n na drop in the bucket:(AmE)/a drop in the ocean:an amount of sth.is too
44、 small to make any real difference,沧海一粟n neg:Every drop in the bucket helps.n n The money we have cant save him.It is just a drop in the bucket.第41页/共50页Wordsn nwork out to/at:to add up to/to make a total amount of sth.n neg:All the bills work out to 500 yuan per month.n nHis take-home pay works out
45、 at 200 a week.n nThe total area of our campus works out to 1,000 acres.n nC.f.work out 设计；制定；安排；耗尽；解决；找到的答案；结果；发展 第42页/共50页Wordsn neg.The research centre worked out a new plan and decided to carry it out immediately.n n That was the best solution they were able to work out.n n He never seems to be
46、worked out.n n They have worked out all the math problems by themselves.n n Things will work themselves out.第43页/共50页Wordsn nbe faced with:If you are faced with sth.,it si going to affect you and you have to deal with it.n neg:We are faced with the burning threat of warn n Faced with the evidence,he
47、 could do nothing but confess.n nFace:v.He realized that he was facing a dilemma.第44页/共50页Wordsn nShe was prepared to face the consequences.n nShe couldnt face up to the prospect of living in reduced circumstances.(accept)第45页/共50页Background Informationn nn n What are the roles of the judges and the
48、 jury?第46页/共50页Roles of the Judgesn nThe judge is to supervise a trial in order to assure its proper conduct and the fair administration of justice and to restrain from making any comments on the effect of any testimony or the credibility of any witness.第47页/共50页Roles of the Jury A trail begins once
49、 a jury of 12 citizens is selected.They should listen to the statement of A trail begins once a jury of 12 citizens is selected.They should listen to the statement of the prosecuting and defense attorneys and their questioning of the witnesses.After the the prosecuting and defense attorneys and thei
50、r questioning of the witnesses.After the trial,all 12 members of the jury should have a deliberation,which can take hours or trial,all 12 members of the jury should have a deliberation,which can take hours or even days until they could reach a unanimous decision.There are times when a jury even days