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1、LessonThreeMoreCrimeandLessPunishmentByRichard MoranIntroductionTopicDiscussion:(Brainstorming)1.WhatdoyouknowaboutthecrimeproblemintheStates?2.Whatdoyouthinkcanbeattributedtoaconstantincreaseincrimenowadays?SuggestedAnswerWhat do you know about the crime problem in the States?l1)Personalpropertycri
2、mes(theft,robbery,mugging,burgling,purse-snatching,shoplifting)l2)economiccrimes(embezzlement,smuggling,etc.)l3)politicalcrimes(bribery,terrorism,betrayal)l4)computercrimes(hacking)l5)sexualcrimes(rape,sexualharassment)l6)juveniledelinquency(drug-abuse,violence)l7)murderingl8)drug-traffickingSuggest
3、edAnswerlWhat do you think can be attributed to a constant increase in crime nowadays?1)poverty(Povertyisthemotherofcrime.)2)thegapbetweentherichandthepoor3)pooreducation4)thelackofmoralpower5)ineffectivelegislation6)thelackofeffectiveenforcementoflawsSuggestedAnswer7)illculturalinfluencefromhistory
4、orfromothercountries8)lenientpunishmentfromthepoliceandcourt9)racialhatred10)moneyworship11)TVviolencelStructureofthetextlIntroduction:(Para13)ThewriterdescribeshowseriousthecrimeproblemisintheStatesandintroducesthemainideaofthetext:punishmentdoesnotreducecrime.StructureofthetextlBody:(Para4-9)Heana
5、lysesthereasonswhypunishmentdoesntdeterpunishment.lSupportingpoint1.:TherearetoomanycriminaltobelockeduplSupportingpoint2.:thepublicisunwillingtopayforprisonconstructionlSupportingpoint3.:Longerprisonsentencesarenotonlytooexpensivetobefeasible,butalsoineffectual.lStructureofthetextlConclusion(Para10
6、)Herestateshisargument:gettingtoughwithcriminalsisnottheanswertothecrimeproblem.Writingtechniquesl1.Howtosupportanargumentl1)byexpressyouropinionclearlyinatopicsentencel2)bygivingrelevantandaccuratereasonsorfactsasevidencel3)byshowingstatisticalinformationl4)bygivingexamplesl5)bygivingquotations(not
7、inthistext)WritingTechniquesl1)Analogy:thecomparisonoftwoseeminglyunlikethingsforthepurposeofillustration.Thecomparisonispossiblebecausethetwohavesomethingincommon.(Para4)lEg:Militarystrategymaybearsomesimilaritytothechessboard.l2)RhetoricalQuestions(Para2)l3)SelectiveUseofRepetition(Para6)l4)Freque
8、ntuseofStatisticalinformationNewWordsandExpressions1.gettouchwith2.amountto3.undersupervision/underthesupervisionof4.lockaway/lockup5.godown/goup6.afford7.giveout8.theotherwayaround9.declineNewWordsandExpressions10.gainadmissionto/release/onesapproval11.elite12.exclusive13.besoft/easyonsb.14.convict
9、15.havechargeof16.dismiss17.select18.releaseNewWordsandExpressions19.measuresth.againststh.20.adropinthebucket21.workoutto22.befacedwithWordslgettoughwith:tobecomeharsh/severe/unyieldingwithleg:Theschoolaskedthepolicetogettoughwiththeneighbourhoodbullieswhowereconstantlyshakingthechildrendown.l据悉，据悉
10、，我国有关部门将在春节期间严厉惩办票贩子。我国有关部门将在春节期间严厉惩办票贩子。lItisreportedthattheauthoritiesconcernedwillgettouchwithscalpersduringtheSpringFestival.Wordslamounttosth.：tobeequalto,inquantityorinmeaning./adduptolEg:1.Thebuildingcostofthistowerwillamounttofourmilliondollars.l2.Hisfatheroncesaidhewouldneveramounttoanythin
11、g.(他决不会有什么出息。Wordslunderonessupervision/underthesupervisionof:underthecontroloflEg:Thefirmsaccountisunderthesupervisionofthedirector.lWhatheshouldsayanddoisunderthesupervisionofhisfamily.Wordsllocksb.away/lockup:(informal)toputsb.inprisonleg:Hecommittedsuicidewhenlockedup.llocksth.away/up:putsth.ina
12、safeplaceorfastenthelockleg:Helocksallthespoils(赃物)inasafe.Wordslgoup:rise/increase/ascendlgodown:fall/decline/decrease/descendlafford:(usu.usedwithcan/beableto)tobeabletodosth.withoutseriousdamageorloss,Wordsleg:1.affordtodolIcantaffordtotakeofftwoweeksfrommywork.l2.affordsth.lIcantaffordatwo-weekl
13、eave.l3.affordsb.sth.:(fml.)providesb.sth.lThejobseemstoaffordherapeculiarsatisfaction.lHisgrandsonaffordedhimhisgreatestpleasureinhisoldage.Wordslgiveout:a.toannouncepublicly,toenforce(inthetext)leg:1)Theradiohasjustgivenoutthebasketballresults.l2)Thenamesofprize-winnersweregivenoutintheawardingcer
14、emony.lb.tohandout/distributeWordsleg:Whenteachersgiveouttheexaminationpaper,etoanendleg:Theyhadjustreachedhomewhenthepetrolgaveout.lThesuppliesarebeginningtogiveout.Wordsldeter:1)todetersth.:todiscourage,checkorpreventsth.throughthethreatofsth.unpleastant,leg:TheUniversityenforcesseverepunishmentto
15、detercheatinginexams.lHarshpunishmentdidntdeterpiracy.Wordsl2)detersb.fromsth./doingsth.:tomakesb.decidenottodosth.orcontinuedoingsth.,esp.bymakingthemunderstandthedifficultiesandunpleasantresultsoftheiractionsleg:Thehighhousingpricedoesntdeterpeoplefrombuyinghouses.lSuchdiscriminationdidntdeterwome
16、nfromseekingwork.Wordsltheotherwayaround:theoppositesituationleg:IthoughtIcouldteachhimagoodlessonbutitwastheotherway(a)round.lHedidntdivorcehiswife.Itwastheotherwayround.Wordsldecline:v.1)vi.diminish,becomesmaller,weaker,fewer,etc.eg:Pricesonthestockmarketdeclined.lHishealthwasdeclining.lThenationd
17、eclinesasaworldpower.Wordsl2)vi./vt.refuse(sth.offered),usu.politelyleg:Thewitnessdeclinedtoansweranyquestions.lShedeclined,naturally,tohaveanythingtodowithus.Wordsn.gradualandcontinuouslossofpower,strength,etc.adeclineinsth.eg:Therehasbeenadeclineinrealsalaryrecently.fall/gointoadeclineeg:onthedecl
18、ineeg:Unemploymenthasbeenonthedeclineintheseareas.Wordslgainadmissionto/release/onesapprovallelite:socialgroupconsideredtobethebestormostimportantbecauseoftheirpower,talent,wealth,etc.(oftenderog)eg:asmallintellectualelitel(attri.)best,top,select,consideredtobethebestofWordsleg:eliteinvestmentbanker
19、/eliteuniversity/elitetrainingestablishmentslexclusive:1.sth.thatisexclusiveisl1.1availableonlytopeoplewhoarerichorwhobelongtoahighsocialclass.Eg:anexclusiveresidentialdistrictWordsl1.2usedorownedbyonlyonepersonorgroup,andnotsharedwithanyoneelse.lEg:Theyhaveexclusiveuseofthemeetingroom.lTherealestat
20、ehasexclusiverighttosellthehouse.lAnexclusiveagencyWordsl.Iftwothingsaremutuallyexclusive,theycantexisttogether.lEg:Thereisnoreasonwhythesetwofunctionsshouldbemutuallyexclusive.l3.exclusiveofsth.:notincluding/excludingleg:Sales,exclusiveofthismonth,hasamountedtoonemilliondollarsWordslbesoft/easyonsb
21、.(infml)tobelesssevere,toactorproceedwithcaution,leg:Themanagementshouldbesoft/easyonlayoffs.(妥善对待).lc.f.goeasyonsb.:usedtotellsb.nottopunishortreatapersontooseverelyleg:Goeasyontheselittlechildrenandletthemenjoythemselvesmore.lGoeasyonher.Afterall,sheisntaprofessionalplayer.Wordslgoeasyonsth.:toavo
22、idusingtoomuchofsth.leg:Isuggestedtohimthatheshouldgoeasyonpublicityforawhile.lGoeasyonthecake.Thereisntmuchleft.Wordslconvict:v.(ajuryorajudge)declareinthelawcourtthatsb.isguiltyofacrime.lconvictsb.of(acrime)leg:Thefingerprintsfoundonthegunwasusedtoconvictherofmurder.lHehasbeenconvictedofrobberyWor
23、dslaconvictedmurdererlconvict:n.apersonwhoisconvictedandisbeingpunishedinprison.lconviction:n.Wordslhavechargeof:haveresponsibilityforsth.leg:Hismotherdiedseveralyearsagoandhehadchargeofhisyoungersisterwhenhisfatherlefthome.lInchargeof/inthechargeof/leaveinchargeof(交由某人管理)/takechargeofsth.(负责管理/照顾)l
24、Eg:Hewilltakechargeofallarrangements.Wordsldismissl1)(from)torefusetoconsider(asubjectoridea)seriously不考虑，轻率地说lEg:Hejustlaughed,anddismissedtheideaasimpossible.l2)(from)toremovefromajob解雇，使离职lEg:Ifyouarelateagainyoullbedismissedfromyourjob.Wordsl3)(from)tosendawayorallowtogo（下课）让走掉，使散会lEg:Theteacher
25、dismissedtheclassearly.l4)(ofajudge)tostop(acourtcase)beforearesultisreached.l律驳回，对不受理lEg:ThejudgedismissedallthechargesagainstSmith.Wordslselect:adj.1.carefullychosen,esp.asbeingthebestoutofalargergroupleg:Thebookisaselectcollectionofpoetryfromvariousauthors.l2.(ofasociety,club,gathering,etc)admitt
26、ingonlycertainpeople;exclusiveleg:Onlyaselectfewwereinvitedtotheparty.lShebelongstoaveryselectclub.Wordslrelease:releasesb/sth.fromsth.:tosetsb./sth.freeleg:Theconvictwasreleasedfromprisonafterservingaten-yearsentence.lHissuicidemayreleasehimfromhisdeepremorse.toallow(news)tobemadeknownleg:Nonewswil
27、lbereleasedtothepublicuntilwegiveyouthego-ahead.Wordstomakesth.availabletothepublicleg:Hernewmoviewillbereleasednextweek.lmeasuresth.againststh.:tojudgeapersonorsth.bycomparingwithanotherpersonorthing(weighsth.againststh.)leg:Ourproductioncostsarehigh,whenmeasuredagainsttheworldsadvancedlevel.Wordsl
28、Shealwaysmeasuresherperformanceagainstthatofthebestsaleswomaninhercompany.ladropinthebucket:(AmE)/adropintheocean:anamountofsth.istoosmalltomakeanyrealdifference,沧海一粟leg:Everydropinthebuckethelps.lThemoneywehavecantsavehim.Itisjustadropinthebucket.Wordslworkoutto/at:toaddupto/tomakeatotalamountofsth
29、.leg:Allthebillsworkoutto500yuanpermonth.lHistake-homepayworksoutat200aweek.lThetotalareaofourcampusworksoutto1,000acres.lC.f.workout设计；制定；安排；耗尽；解决；找到的答案；结果；发展Wordsleg.Theresearchcentreworkedoutanewplananddecidedtocarryitoutimmediately.lThatwasthebestsolutiontheywereabletoworkout.lHeneverseemstobewo
30、rkedout.lTheyhaveworkedoutallthemathproblemsbythemselves.lThingswillworkthemselvesout.Wordslbefacedwith:Ifyouarefacedwithsth.,itsigoingtoaffectyouandyouhavetodealwithit.leg:WearefacedwiththeburningthreatofwarlFacedwiththeevidence,hecoulddonothingbutconfess.lFace:v.Herealizedthathewasfacingadilemma.W
31、ordslShewaspreparedtofacetheconsequences.lShecouldntfaceuptotheprospectoflivinginreducedcircumstances.(accept)BackgroundInformationllWhataretherolesofthejudgesandthejury?RolesoftheJudgeslThe judge is to supervise a trial in order toassure its proper conduct and the fairadministration of justice and
32、to restrain frommaking any comments on the effect of anytestimonyorthecredibilityofanywitness.RolesoftheJuryAtrailbeginsonceajuryof12citizensisselected.Theyshouldlistentothestatementoftheprosecutinganddefenseattorneysandtheirquestioningofthewitnesses.Afterthetrial,all12membersofthejuryshouldhaveadel
33、iberation,whichcantakehoursorevendaysuntiltheycouldreachaunanimousdecision.Therearetimeswhenajurycannotreadsuchadecision.(mistrial未决审判).Whenitoccurs,theprosecutingattorneythendecideswhetherornottotrythecaseagainbeforeacompletelynewjury.lIntroductiontotheTextWhatsthepurposeofwriting?ATodescribetheallthevariousaspectsofthecrimeproblem.BToexaminethepossiblecausesofthecrimeproblemCToarguethatpunishmentdoesnotdetercrimeagainsttheprevailingviewthatharshpunishmentsshouldbeenforcedtoreducecrime.