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1、2011年职称英语理工类A 级考试真题及答案第 1 部分：词汇选项（第 115题，每 题 1 分，共 15分）下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近选项。I.For some obscure reason,the simple game is becoming very popular.A.unclear B.obvious C.major D.minor2.The sea turtles natural habit at has been considerably reduced.A greatly B suddenly C generally D s
2、lightly3.1 got a note from Moira urging me to get in（ouch.A instructing B notifying C pushing D inviting4.1 t is possible to approach the problem in a different way.A raise B pose C experience D handle5.The decision to invade provoked storms of protestoA ignored B organized C caused D received6.Jane
3、 said that she couldnt tolerate the long hours.A spend B take C last D stand7.At 80,Peck was still vigorous and living in Paris.A energetic B happy C alone D busy8.Forester stared at his car,trembling with rage.A shaking B turning C jumping D shouting9.A young man is being hailed a hero tonight afte
4、r rescuing two children.A reported B proved C praised D caught10.1 wanted to ask her out but was scared that she might refuse.A anxious B sure C sad D afraid1 l.At that time,we did not fully grasp the significance of what had happened.A give B attach C lose D understand12.Anderson left the table,rem
5、arking that he had some work to do.A doubting B saying C thinking D knowing13.He asserted that nuclear power was a safe and non-polluting energy source.A maintained B recommended C considered D acknowledged14.The study also notes a steady decline in the number of college students taking science cour
6、ses.A relative B general C continuous D sharp15.She always finds fault with everything,A criticizes B simplifies C evaluates D examines第 2 部分：阅读判断（第 1622题，每 题 1 分，共 7 分）下面的短文后列出了7 个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A：如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B：如果该句的信息文中没有提及，清选择C。Earth R ocks onMost of the time,the ground
7、feels solid beneath our feet.Thats comforting.But its also misleading because theres actually a lot going on underground.Masses of land（called plates）slip,slide,and bump against each other,slowly changing the shape of continents and oceans over millions and billions of years.Scientists know that Ear
8、th formed about 4.5 billion years ago.They also know that our planetwas hot at first.As it cooled,its outermost layer,called the crust（地壳），eventually fbirned moving plates.Exactly when this shift happened,however,is an open question.Now,an international group of researchers has an answer.Theyve foun
9、d new evidence suggesting that Earths crust started shifting at least 3.8 billion years ago.The new estimate is 1.3 billion years earlier than previous ones.Not long before 3.8 billion years ago,lots of asteroids（小行星）were hitting Earth,keeping its crust in a hot,melted state.After the hard crust for
10、med,much ofit sank at various times into the planefs hot insides.There,it melted before returning to the surface.In some places,however,the crust never sank.One of the oldest such places is in Greenland,in an area called the Isua supracrustal（_hife壳）belt.The rocky crust there is between 3.7 and 3.8
11、billion years old.The belt was once part of the seafloor,but now it is exposed to air.The researchers recently took a close look at the Isua supracnistal belt.They noticed long,parallel cracks in the rock that have been filled in with a type of volcanic rock.To explain this structure,the scientists
12、propose that tension in the crust caused the seafloor tocrack open long ago.Hot,liquid rock,called magma（岩浆）flowed up slowly from deep inside Earth to fill the cracks.Finally,the whole area cooled,forming what we see today.That explanation,plus chemical clues inside the rock,suggests that the Isua s
13、upracrustal beltwas once part of a plate under the ocean,beginning around 3.8 billion years ago.16.The ground beneath our feet is indeed still.A.R ight B.Wrong C.Not mentioned17.The shape of lands and oceans are slowly changed with the movements of plates.A.R ight B.Wrong C.Not mentioned18.Earth coo
14、led down shortly after it was formed.A.R ight B.Wrong C.Not mentioned19.Scientists once estimated that Earths crust started shifting three billion years ago.A.R ight B.Wrong C.Not mentioned20.It took a long lime for the melted crust to become hard.A.R ight B.Wrong C.Not mentioned21.The formation of
15、the Isua supracrustal belt is thought to have started about 3.8 billion years ago.A.R ight B.Wrong C.Not mentioned22.The Isua supracrustal belt is now a popular holiday resort.A.R ight B.Wrong C.Not mentioned笫 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子（第 23 30题，每 题 1分，共 8 分）下面的短文后有2 项测试任务：（1）第 23-26题要求从所给的6 个选项中为第1 4 段每段选择1 个最
16、佳标题；（2）第 27-3 0 题要求从所给的6 个选项中为每个句子确定1 个最佳选项。The IPad1 The IPad is a tablet computer（平板电脑）designed and developed by Apple.It is particularly marketed as a platform fbr audio and visual media such as books,periodicals（期刊）,movies,music,and games,as well as web content.At about 1.5 pounds（680 grams）,its
17、size and weight are between those of most contemporary smartphones and laptop computers.Apple released the IPad in April 2010,and sold 3 million of the devices in 80 years.2 The IPad runs the same operating system as IPod Touch and IPhone.It can run its own applications as well as ones developed for
18、 IPhone.Without modification,it will only run programs approved by Apple and distributed via its online store.3 Like IPhone and iPod Touch,the IPad is controlled by a multitouch displaya break from mostprevious tablet computers,which uses a pressure-triggered stylus（触控笔）.The IPad uses a Wi-Fi data c
19、onnection to browse（浏览）the Internet,load and stream media,and install software.Some models also have a 3G wireless dala connection which can connect to GSM 3G data networks.The devices is managed and synchronized（同步）by ITunes on a personal computer via USB cable.4 An IPad has different features and
20、applications one can use to execute different and interesting things.There are lots of IPad applications that the owner can use to enhance the way they communicate.Some of these are how to use social networking sites and other online options.One of the most common uses is for e-mail services.IPand a
21、pplications like Markdown Mail allow the adoptionof specific and particular options.They enable the owner to personalize their email accounts.5 While the IPad is mostly used by consumers it also has been taken up by business users.Some companies are adopting IPads in their business offices by distri
22、buting or making available IPads toemployees.Examples of uses in the workplace include lawyers responding to clients,medical professionals accessing health records during patient exams,and managers approving employee requests.A survey by Frost&Sullivan shows that IPad usage in workplaces is linked t
23、o the goals of increased employees productivity,reduced paperwork,and increased revenue.23、Paragraph 224、Paragraph 325、Paragraph 426、Paragraph 5A.Differences from IPhoneB.Operating systemC.Online storesD.Features and applicationsE.Business usageF.Display and data connection27、In April 2010 the IPad
24、developed by Apple was_.28、The IPad will only run programs approved by Apple if not.29、IPad applications enable the owners email accounts to be_.30、IPad usage in offices enables employee productivity to be.A.increasedB.releasedC.modifiedD.distributedE.browsedF.personalized第 4 部分:阅读理解(第3 1 7 5 题，每 题
25、3 分，共 45分)下面有3 篇短文，每篇短文有5 道题。请根据短文内容，为每题定1 个最佳选项。第一篇 Calculating CrimeWhen you think about math,you probably don,t think about breaking the law,solving mysteries or finding criminals.But a mathematician in Maryland does,and he has come up with mathematical tools to help police find crooks.People who
26、 solve crimes look for patterns that might reveal the identity of the criminal.Ifs 1ong been believed,for example,that crooks will break the law closer to where they live,simply because its easier to get around in your own neighborhood.If police see a pattern of robberies in acertain area,they may l
27、ook for a suspect who lives near the crime scenes.So,the farther away fromthe area a crime takes place,the less likely it is that the same criminal did it.But Mike OLeary,a mathematician at Towson University in Maryland,says that this kind ofapproach may be too simple.He says that police may get bet
28、ter clues to the location of an offendefs home base by combining these patterns with a citys layout and historical crime records.The records of past crimes contain geographical information and can reveal easy targets 一 that is,the kind of stores that might be less difficult to rob.Because these stor
29、es are along roads,thelocations of past crimes contain information about where major streets and intersections are.OLeary is writing a new computer program that will quickly provide this kind of information for a given city.His program also includes census,or survey,information about the people who
30、live in thecity,and information about how a criminaFs patterns change with age.(Ifs been shown,for exampie,that the younger the criminal,the closer to home the crime.)Other computer programmers have worked on similar software,but OLearys uses more math.The mathematician plans to make his computer pr
31、ogram available,free of charge,to police departments around the country.The program is just one way to use math to fight crime.OTeary says that criminology thestudy of crime and criminals contains a lot of good math problems.feel like Im in a gold mine and I*m the only one who knows what gold looks
32、like,*he says.Its a lot of fun.”31.题干：Which of the following statements about math is true?答案：Few people associate it with finding criminals.32.题干：People tend to think there is a relationship between答案:the location of a crime and the residence of the criminal.33题干：O Leary includes all the following
33、information in writing his program EXCEPT答案：the locations of police bureaus.34.题干：O Leary s program is different from other similar software in that答案：it uses more math.35.题干：It can be inferred from the last paragraph that O Leary答案：will further use math in studying crimes and criminals.第二篇 Some Peo
34、ple Do Not Taste Sall like OthersLow-salt foods may be harder for some people to like than others,according to a study by a Penn State College of Agricultural Sciences 1 food scientist.The research indicates that genetic factors influence some of the difference in the levels of salt we like to eat.T
35、hose conclusions are important because recent,well-publicized efforts to reduce the salt content in food2 have left many people struggling to accept fare that simply does not taste as good to themas it does to others3,pointed out John Hayes,assistant professor of food science,who was lead investigat
36、or?on the study.Diets high in salt can increase the risk of high blood pressure and stroke.That is why public healthexperts and food companies are Working together on ways to help consumers lower salt intake through foods that are enjoyable lo eat.This study increases understanding of salt preferenc
37、e and consumption.The research involved 87 carefully screened participants who sampled salty foods such as soup and chips,on multiple occasions,spread out over weeks5.Test subjects were 45 men and 42 women,reportedly healthy,ranging in age from 20 to 40 years.The sample was composed of individualswh
38、o were not actively modifying their dietary intake and did not smoke cigarettes.They rated theintensity of taste on a commonly used scientific scale,ranging from barely detectable to strongestsensation of any kind.“Most of us like the taste of salt.However,some individuals eat more salt,both because
39、 they like the taste of saltiness more,and also because it is needed to block other unpleasant tastes in food.said Hayes.nSupertasters,people who experience tastes more intensely,consume more salt than nontasters do.Snack foods have saltiness as their primary flavor,and at least for these foods,more
40、 isbetter,so the supertasters seem to like them more.MHowever,supertasters also need higher levels of salt to block unpleasant bitter tastes in foods suchas cheese,Hayes noted.HFor example,cheese is a wonderful blend of dairy flavors from fermented,milk,but also bitter tastes from ripening that are
41、blocked by salt,“he said.UA supertaster finds 1ow-salt cheese unpleasant because the bitterness is too pronounced6.Hayes cited research done more than 75 years ago by a chemist named Fox and a geneticist namedBlakeslee,showing that individuals differ in their ability to taste certain chemicals.As a
42、result,Hayes explained,we know that a wide range in taste acuity exists,and this variation is as normal asvariations in eye and hair color.“Some people,called supertasters,describe bitter compounds as being extremely bitter,while others,called nontasters,find these same bitter compounds to be tastel
43、ess or only weary bitter,he said.R esponse to bitter compounds is one of many ways to identify biological differences in food preference because supertasting7 is not limited to bitterness.36.John Hayes points out thatA.food with less salt tastes better.B.many people make efforts to accept low-salt f
44、ood.C.many people never eat low-salt food.D.It is good to health to eat food without salt.37.The fourth paragraph briefly describesA.how the subjects were selected and what they were asked to do.B.why the number of subjects was limited to 87.C.why more male subjects were chosen than female ones.D.ho
45、w salty foods were made and distributed to the subjects in the research.38.It is true thatA.nontasters like to share salty cheese with supertasters.B.nontasters consume more salt because they like intense tastes.C.supertasters like the taste of saltiness to block sweet tastes in food.D.supertasters
46、like snack foods more as they contain higher levels of saltiness.39.Supertasters prefer high-salt cheese becauseA.it is good to health.B.it is rich in nutrition.C.it has intense bitter tastes.D.it tastes less bitter.40.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that taste acuity isA.identified with
47、certain chemicals.B.developed over time after birth.C.related to ones eye and hair color.D.genetically determined第三篇 Cell Phones:Hang Up or Keep Talking?Millions of people are using cell phones today.In many places it is actually considered unusual not to use one.In many countries,cell phones are ve
48、ry popular with young people.They find that the phones are more than a means of communicationhaving a mobile phone shows that they are cool and connected.The explosions around the world in mobile phone use make some health professionals worried.Some doctors are concerned that in the future many peop
49、le may suffer health problems from theuse of mobile phones.In England,these has been a serious debates about this issue.Mobile phonecompanies are worried about the negative publicity of such ideas.They say that there is no proof that mobile phones are bad for your health.On the other hand,why do som
50、e medical studies show changes in the brain cells of some peopie who use mobile phones?Signs of change in the tissues of the brain and head can be detected with modem scanning（扫描）equipment.In one case,a traveling salesman had to retire at a young age because of serious memory loss.He couldnt remembe