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1、2013年职称英语考试及答案理工类A级（京华网校提供）第1部分：词汇选项(第115题，每题1分，共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语有括号，请为每处括号部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。1. the rules are too (rigid) to allow for human error.a. inflexibleb. generalc. complexd. direct2. this species has nearly (died out) because its habitat is being destroyed.a. turned deadb. passed byc. car
2、ried awayd. become extinct3. the contract between the two companies will (expire) soon.a. shortenb. endc. startd. resume4. three world-class tennis players came to (content) for this title.a. argueb. claimc. wishd. compete5. the methods of communication used during the war were (primitive).a. simple
3、b. reliablec. effectived. alternative6. respect for life is a (cardinal) principle of the law.a. moralb. regularc. fundamentald. hard7. the drinking water has became (contaminated) with lead.a. pollutedb. treatedc. testedd. corrupted8. come out, or ill (bust) the door down.a. shutb. setc. breakd. be
4、at9. she (shed) a few tears at her daughters wedding.a. wipedb. injectedc. producedd. removed10. they didnt seem to appreciate the (magnitude) of the problem.a. existenceb. importancec. caused. situation11. the tower remains (intact) ever after two hundred years.a. unknownb. unusualc. undamagedd. un
5、stable12. many experts remain (skeptical) about his claims.a. doubtfulb. untouchedc. certaind. silent13. the proposal was (endorsed) the majority of members.a. rejectedb. submittedc. consideredd. approved14. rumors began to (circulate) about his financial problems.a. sendb. spreadc. heard. confirm15
6、. the police will need to keep a (wary) eye on this area of town.a. nakedb. cautiousc. blindd. private答案：1-5：a d b d a;6-10：c a c c b ; 11-15：c a d b b第2部分：阅读判断(第1622题，每题1分，共7分)下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断;如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择a;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择b;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择c。new understanding of natural silks m
7、ysteriesnatural silk, as we all know, has a strength that manmade materials have long struggled to match. in a discovery that sounds more like an ancient chinese proverb than a materials science breakthrough, mit researchers have discovered that silk gets its strength from its weakness. or, more spe
8、cifically, its many weaknesses. silk gets its extraordinary durability and ductility from an unusual arrangement of hydrogen bonds that are inherently very weak but that work together to create a strong, flexible structure.most materials - especially the ones we engineer for strength - get their tou
9、ghness from brittleness. as such, natural silks like those produced by spiders have long fascinated both biologists and engineers because of their light weight, ductility and high strength (pound for pound, silk is stronger than steel and far less brittle). but on its face, it doesnt seem that silks
10、 should be as strong as they are; molecularly, they are held together by hydrogen bonds, which are far weaker than the covalent bonds found in other molecules.to get a better understanding of how silk manages to produce such strength through such weak bonds, the mit team created a set of computer mo
11、dels that allowed them to observe the way silk behaves at the atomic level. they found that the arrangement of the tiny silk nanocrystals is such that the hydrogen bonds are able to work cooperatively, reinforcing one another against external forces and failing slowly when they do fail, so as not so
12、 allow a sudden fracture to spread across a silk structure.the result is natural silks that can stretch and bend while retaining a high degree of strength. but while thats all well and good for spiders, bees and the like, this understanding of silk geometry could lead to new materials that are stron
13、ger and more ductile than those we can currently manufacture. our best and strongest materials are generally expensive and difficult to produce (requiring high temperature treatments or energy-intensive processes).by looking to silk as a model, researchers could potentially devise new manufacturing
14、methods that rely on inexpensive materials and weak bonds to create less rigid, more forgiving materials that are nonetheless stronger than anything currently on offer. and if you thought you were going to get out of this materials science story without hearing about carbon nanotubes, think again. t
15、he mit team is already in the lab looking into ways of synthesizing silk-like structures out of materials that are stronger than natural silk - like carbon nanotubes. super-silks are on the horizon.参考译文：我们都知道，蚕丝具有的韧性是人造织物长期奋力追求的目标。在一项研究中(该项研究成果听起来更像一则古代中国谚语，而不是材料科学的突破)，麻省理工学院的研究人员发现，蚕丝的力量源于其脆弱，或者，更具
16、体地说，是它的多方面的脆弱。蚕丝的异常耐久性和延展性来自一种特别的氢键结构，这些氢键本质上非常脆弱，但它们共同创造了一种强壮而富有弹性的结构。大多数材料(特别是那些要求硬度很高的材料)的韧性来自脆性。因此，和蜘蛛制造的蛛丝类似的蚕丝，因其重量轻，延展性强和韧性高，长期以来引起了生物学家和工程师的兴趣(同样重量，蚕丝比钢要壮，也不那么脆)。但表面上，蚕丝看起来却不那么强壮;从分子结构上看，它们是由氢键组成的，氢键比其他分子中发现的共价键要脆弱得多。为了更好地了解蚕丝如何以如此脆弱的化学键产生这么强壮的力，麻省理工学院的研究小组创造了一套计算机模型，这种模型能够让他们在原子层次上观察蚕丝的活动方式
17、。他们发现，微小蚕丝纳米晶体的结构使氢键能够齐心协力地合作，相互增援，对抗外力，同时，当外力减弱时也随之慢慢减弱，这样就不至于在蚕丝的整体结构上出现突然的断裂。这样，天然丝能够既伸缩和弯曲，又能够保持极高的韧力。对于蜘蛛和蜜蜂之类的昆虫来说这也没什么，但对于蚕丝几何形状的这种了解，可能帮助人们制造出比我们面前能够制造的材料更结实而又更柔软的新材料。最好和最结实的材料通常是很昂贵而又难以制造的(需要高温处理，或者高能耗处理)。通过研究蚕丝作为一个例子，研究人员有可能设计出制造材料的一种新方法，即用廉价材料和弱键，制造不那么坚硬而又柔软，但比目前所用的任何材料都结实的材料。如果你认为不研究碳纳米管
18、的理论，就能从这一则材料学信息中获取制造方法，那请三思。麻省理工学院研究小组已经在实验室利用比蚕丝还结实的材料(比如碳纳米管)研究合成类似蚕丝一样的结构。超级蚕丝即将出现。16. mit researchers carry out the study to illustrate an ancient chinese proverb.a. right b. wrong c. not mentioned17. silks strength comes from its weak hydrogen bonds working together.a. right b. wrong c. not men
19、tioned18. biologist and engineer are interested in understanding natural silks because they are very light and brittle.a. right b. wrong c. not mentioned19. if the hydrogen bonds break due to external forces, they break fast.a. right b. wrong c. not mentioned20. the mit team had tried different mate
20、rials before they studied natural silk in their research.a. right b. wrong c. not mentioned21. carbon nanotubes are currently the most popular topic in material science.a. right b. wrong c. not mentioned22. it is indicated that materials stronger than natural silk can be expected in the future.a. ri
21、ght b. wrong c. not mentioned答案：babbc ca第3部分：概括大意与完成句子(第2330题，每题1分，共8分)下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第2326题要求从所给的6个选项中为指定段落每段选择1个小标题;(2)第2730题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。black holes23-26: d a f ba. what are black holes made of?b. is there proof that black holes really exist?c. how were black holes named?d. how are
22、black holes formed?e. what are different types of black holes?f. what happens to the objects around a black hole?27-30: e d c f27. black holes are formed after_.28. when a large star explodes, the gravity compacts ever piece into_.29. a newly formed black hole and the star it comes from are of_.30.
23、albert einsteins theory of relativity helps to prove_.a. a fraction of an inchb. the creation of new entitiesc. the same amount of massd. the tiniest particlee. an explosion of huge starsf. the existence of black holes第4部分：阅读理解(第3145题，每题3分，共45分)下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。第一篇on the trial o
24、f the honey badger31. why did the wild life experts visit the kalahari desert?a. to find where honey badgers live.b. to catch some honey badgers for food.c. to observe how honey badgers behave.d. to find out why honey badgers have a bad reputation.32. what does kitso khama say about honey badgers?a.
25、 they are always looking for food.b. they do not enjoy human company.c. they show interest in things they are not familiar with.d. it is common for them to attack people.33. what did the team find out about honey badgers?a. there were some creatures they did not eat.b. they were afraid of poisonous
26、creatures.c. female badgers did not mix with male badgers.d. they may get some of the water they needed from fruit.34. which of the following is a typical feature of male badgers?a. they dont run very quickly.b. they defend their territory from other badgers.c. they hunt over a very large area.d. th
27、ey are more aggressive than females.35. what happened when honey badgers got used to humans around them?a. they became less aggressive towards other creatures.b. they lost interest in people.c. they started eating more.d. other animals started working with them.第二篇forecasting methodsthere are severa
28、l different methods that can be used to create a forecast. the method forecaster chooses depends upon the experience of the forecaster, the amount of information available to the forecaster, the level of difficulty that the forecast situation presents, and the degree of accuracy or confidence needed
29、 in the forecast.the first of these methods is the persistence method; the simplest way of producing a forecast. the persistence method assumes that the conditions at the time of the forecast will not change. for example, if it is sunny and 87 degree today, the persistence method predicts that it wi
30、ll be sunny and 87 degree tomorrow. if two inches of rain fell today, the persistence method would predict two inches of rain for tomorrow. however, if weather conditions change significantly from day to day, the persistence method usually breaks down and is not the best forecasting method to use.th
31、e trends method involves determining the speed and direction of movement for fronts, high and low pressure centers, and areas of clouds and precipitation. using this information, the forecaster can predict where he or she expects those features to be at some future time. for example, if a storm syst
32、em is 1,000 miles west of your location and moving to the east at 250 miles per day, suing the trends method you would predict it to arrive in your area in 4 days. the trends method works well when systems continue to move at the same speed in the same direction for a long period of time. if they sl
33、ow down, speed up, change intensity, or change direction, the trends forecast will probably not work as well.the climatology method is another simple way of producing a forecast. this method involves averaging weather statistics accumulated over many years to make the forecast. for example, if you w
34、ere using the climatology method to predict the weather for new york city on july 4th, you would go through all the weather data that has been recorded for every july 4th and take an average. the climatology method only works well when the weather pattern is similar to that expected for the chosen t
35、ime of year. if the pattern is quite unusual for the given time of year, the climatology method will often fail.the analog method is a slightly more complicated method of producing a forecast. it involves examining todays forecast scenario and remembering a day in the past when the weather scenario
36、looked very similar (an analog). the forecaster would predict that the weather in this forecast will behave the same as it did in the past. the analog method is difficult to use because it is virtually impossible to find a predict analog. various weather features rarely align themselves in the same
37、locations they were in the previous time. even small differences between the current time and the analog can lead to very different results.36. which of the following is not mentioned in choosing a forecasting method?a. necessary amount of information.b. degree of difficulty involved in forecasting.
38、c. practical knowledge of the forecaster.d. creativity of the forecaster.37. the persistence method fails to work well whena. it is rainy.b. it is sunny.c. weather conditions change greatly.d. weather conditions stay stable.38. the trends method works well whena. weather features are defined well en
39、ough.b. predictions on precipitation are accurate.c. weather features are constant for a long period of time.d. the speed and direction of movement are predictable.39. the analog method should not be used in making a weather forecast whena. the current weather scenario is different from the analog.b
40、. the analog looks complicated.c. the analog is more than 10 years old.d. the current weather scenario is exactly the same as the analog.40. historical weather data are necessary ina. the climatology method and the analog methodb. the persistence method and the trends methodc. the trends method and
41、the climatology methodd. the persistence method and the analog method第三篇students learn better with touchscreen desksobserve the criticisms of nearly any major public education system in the world, and a few of the many complaints are more or less universal. technology moves faster than the education
42、 system. teachers must teach at the pace of the slowest student rather than the fastest. and-particularly in the united statesgrade school children as a group dont care much for, or excel at, mathematics. so its heartening to learn that a new kind of “classroom of the future” shows promise at mitiga
43、ting some of these problems, starting with that fundamental piece of classroom furniture: the desk.auk study involving roughly 400 students, mostly aged 8-10 years, and a new generation of multi-touch, multi-user, computerized desktop surfaces is showing that over the last three years the technology
44、 has appreciably boosted students math skills compared to peers learning the same material via the conventional paper-and-pencil method. how? through collaboration, mostly, as well as by giving teachers better tools by which to micromanage individual students who need some extra instruction while al
45、lowing the rest of the class to continue moving forward.science, clay dillow, classroom of the future, education, engineering, math, mathematics, synergy net traditional instruction still shows respectable efficacy at increasing students fluency in mathematics, essentially through memorization and p
46、ractice-dull, repetitive practice. but the researchers have concluded that these new touch screen desks boost both fluency and flexibility-the critical thinking skills that allow students to solve complex problems not simply through knowing formulas and devices, but by being able to figure out what
47、there all problem is and the most effective means of stripping it down and solving it.one reason for this, the researchers say, is the multi-touch aspect of the technology. students working in the next-gen classroom can work together at the same tabletop, each of them contributing and engaging with the problem as part of a group. known as synergy net, the software uses computer vision sy