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1、2022年安徽职称英语考试考前冲刺卷（本卷共分为1 大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总 分 100分，60分及格。）单 位：姓 名：考 号：题号单选题多项选择判断题综合题总分分值得分一、单项选择题（共5 0题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意）1.W hy are t w o s hot s t hou ght t o be n eces s ary Peop I e born aft er 1957 hav en ot been ex pos ed t o a s im i lar v iru s.The firs t dos e prim es t he im m u n
2、es y s t em t o res pon d,bu t it s t he s econ d s hot t hat t riggers t he produ ct ionof an t ibodies.This is n ot u n u s u al.A n u m ber of v accin es are giv en fort he firs t t im e in m u lt idos e s eries.For ex am ple,t he s eas on aI f Iu v accin eis giv en in t w o s hot s t o chi Idren
3、 u n der 9 if t hey v e n ev er had t he flu.W hy are t w o s hot s t hou ght t o be n eces s aryA.Because most people have not been exposed to a similar virus.B.Because one shot is enough to trigger the production of antibodies.C.Because flu vaccine has always been given in two shots.D.Because most
4、 people have never had a flu.2.From t he pers pect iv e of dis eas er w e are al I on e peopIe on t his pIan etfd i v i ded by ris k m ore on t he bas is of w ea I t h t han of geography.This fluw i 11 n ot be dead I y for 99.9 percen t of t hos e it i n f ect s,an d t hat s agood t hin g n ot on ly
5、 for in fect ed in div idu aIs I ike m e bu t for t he w orldas a w ho Ie.W hy Becau s e w e hav e u t t erly flailed t he gIobaIi z at i on t es tin ou r res pon s e t o H1N1.The m os t effect iv e t ool in fight in g flu is agood v accin ef an d t he pharm aceu t icaI in du s t ry is w orkin g on
6、m an u fqct u r in gs u pplies right n ow.Accord i n g t o t he W orld HeaI t h Organ iz at ion,abou t1 billion dos es of H1N1 v accin e hav e been ordered w orldw ide.Bu t m oret han 1/2 billion peop I e I i v e on Eart h.From t he get -go,s om e 85 percen tof t he w or Id s popu lat ion w i I be e
7、x clu ded from w hat,w ere t his a v iru len t（危险的，迅速致命的）in flu en z a,w ou ld be t he prim ary I ife-s parin gm edicin e.W ors e,t hos e 1 billion orders hav e been priorit iz ed,w it h t hew ealt hies t n at ion s at t he t op of t he Iis t.This effect iv eIy m ean s t hatbefore New Y ear1 s Ev e
8、on ly abou t 5 percen t of t he w orld popu I at i on w i 11hav e been im m u n iz ed.W hat is t he au t hor*s at t it u de t ow ards t he factt hat t he w ea I t h i es t n at i on s hav e t he priori t y t o order t he v acc i n e aga i n s tH1N1A.IndifferentB.CriticalC.NeutralD.Supportiv3.This v
9、accin e is egg 一 bas ed.W hat if T m al lergic t o eggs Y ou s hou Idav oid t he v accin e.If y ou re in a high-ris k grou p an d y ou com e dow nw it h t he flu,s ee y ou r doct or i m m ed i at e I y.An t iv iral m edicat ion s,giv enw it hin 24 t o 48 hou rs of t he on s et of s y m pt om s,can d
10、ram at ical ly im prov eon e s ou t com e.The v accin e s hou ld av oid appIicat ion t o a pers on w hoA.is allergic to eggs.B.is in a high-risk group.C.has come down with the flu.D.has symptoms of the flu.4.Alt hou gh ex t rem e cas es of In t ern et an d v ideo-gam e addict ion hav e n otbeen w id
11、ely pu b I iciz ed in t he U.S.it s a differen t s t ory in Eu ropean d in Eas t As ia,w here gam e-play in g has ev en been Iin ked t o play erdeat h.In 2006 an in -pat ien t addict ion faci I it y for In t ern et an d v ideo.gam e abu s e w as open ed in Am s t erdam,an d t here are s ev eraI s im
12、 i lar program soperat in g in China.Cash visited one such facili-run out of a military hospital-lastNovember.It was half boot,camp and half-psychotherapy,“she says,theorizing that the wider recognition of the problem overseas may stemfrom the more public nature of gaming there,as people often rely
13、onInternet cat,s to play.In the U.S.,however,most people use theInteract or have a game console（游戏机操纵台）in their own home,soproblems of abuse may be going unnoticed.It can be inferred from the paragraph that most game players in theUnited States playA.in Internet cafes.B.at home.C.at military camps.D
14、.in their workplaces.5.The bigges t problem w it h t he U.S.healt h-care s y s t em is t hat it haslon g been des ign ed t o res pon d t o i 11n es s rat her t han prev en t it.Accordin gt o an an aly s is by t he Com m on w ea I t h Fu n d,a f ou n dat i on t hat fu n ds healt h-care res earch,half
15、 of Am erican adu lt s in 2005 did n ot receiv erecom m en ded prev en t iv e care,w hich i n cIu des v accin at ion s,can cers creen in gs an d blood-pres s u re checks.W hen w e do get ou r cardiac healt hchecked,t oo oft en it s becau s e w eJ v e been ru s hed t o t he em ergen cy rooms u fferin
16、 g from ches t pain s.W hen w e do get a can cer ev alu at ion,t oo oft enit s a diagn os is of adv an ced dis eas e t hat has s pread bey on d t he in it ialt u m or s it e.W hat w i 11 probably happen u n der t he pres en t US healt h-cares y s t emA.All Americans do not receive preventive care.B.
17、Many Americans seek medical help when it is too late.C.Everyone who is sick will receive medical help.D.Americans do not receive medial help even when they are sick.6.Vit am in s are an ot her es s en t ial requ irem en t for healt h.There are abou tfort y kn ow n v it am in s,bu t t he m os t gen e
18、rally referred t o are A,B,C,D an d E.Deficien cy of Vit am in A,fou n d in carrot s,ros e-hips,Iiv erfet c.,i s a I I eged t o affect t he v is ion an d t he s kin an d redu ce res i s t an cet o in fect ion.Vit am in C,pres en t in n early al I fru it,part icu larlyoran ges an d ot her cit ru s fr
19、u it,has com e t o be regarded as part icu larlyeffect iv e in t he prev en t ion of cold an d low en ergy s t at es.W hat w i11probably happen t o a pers on w it h Vit am in C def icien cy accordin g t o t heparagraphA.H e will be easily infected.B.H e will have a poor vision.C.H e will have smooth
20、 skin.D.H e will catch cold ffequently.7.W it h a n ew Adm in i s t rat ion prom is in g m u ch n eeded reform in t he w ay heaIt hcare is acces s ed,deliv ered an d reim bu rs ed,legis lat ors,healt hofficials,doct ors an d pat ien t s s ee t his as a rare opport u n it y,a s w eets pot in w hich n
21、 at ion aI n eed cou ld m eet n at ion aI w i 11 an d w e cou ld act u a11yfix a s y s t em t hat s eem s t o be cos t in g u s m ore an d m ore bu t deliv erin gles s an d les s.The im prov em en t s can1 t com e t oo s oon.In s pit e of ou rgleam in g hos pit als an d cu t t in g-edge t echn ology
22、 t hat can det ect t het i n i es t t u m ors an d repair t he m os t com p I ex organ,on s om e bas ic healt hm eas u res t he U.S.is s t art in g t o fa 11 beh i n d-far behin d.W hat doest he au t hor t hin k of t he pres en t healt h 一 care s y s t emA.SatisfactoryB.DissatisfactoryC.EfficientD.H
23、 opeless.8.Ev ery y ear m i 11 ion s of w om en are s creen ed w it h X -ray s t o pick u p s ign sof breas t can cer.If t his happen s early en ou gh,t he dis eas e can oft enbe t reat ed s u cces s fu lly.Accordin g t o a s u rv ey pu b Ii s hed las t y ear,21cou n t ries hav e s creen in g progra
24、m m es.Nin e of t hem,in clu din g Au s t ral ia,Can ada,t he US an d Spa in,s creen w om en u n der 50.Bu t t he m ed i ca I ben ef i t sof s creen in g t hes e y ou n ger w om en are con t rov ers ial,part ly becau s e t heradiat ion brin gs a s m alI ris k of in du cin g can cer.Als o,y ou n ger
25、w om enm u s t be giv en higher dos es of X -ray s becau s e t heir breas t t is s u es isden s er.W hat w i11 happen if breas t can cer is diagn os ed early en ou ghA.It will be treated successfully.B.It will still develop to be fatal.C.It will recover without medical treatment.D.it will not recove
26、r even with medical treatment.9.Dr.An n e Schu chat,d i rect or of t he G D C9 s Nat i on a I Cen t er forIm m u n iz at ion an d Res pirat ory Dis eas es,s ay s t he CDC s em phas is on han d-w as hin g is gu ided by t he s cien ce t hat s u pport s han d-w as hin g again s tres pirat ory in fect i
27、on s in gen eral.MIn part icu lar,s he cit es a s t u dycon du ct ed in Pakis t an t hat s how ed t hat han d hy gien e m eas u res cu t t he rat eof pn eu m on ia in half.On e of t he u n iqu e feat u res of s w in e flu -t he factt hat it cau s es diarrhea-als o s u gges t s t o s om e t hat it co
28、u ld bet ran s m it t ed on t he han ds I ike ot her diarrhea-cau s in g dis eas es t hat don ot be Ion g t o t he i n f I u en z a fam i ly.Schu chat s t res s es t hat t he bes t w ayt o prot ect y ou rs elf w i 11 be t o get t he v accin e on ce it becom es av ai IabIein Oct ober,bu t adds t hat
29、t he CDC con t i n u es t o be Ii ev e t hat ncon t actprecau t ion s are u s efu I w it h t his flu.Accordin g t o Schu chatA.hand-washing is useful with H1N1 flu.B.the only way to protect one against H1N1 is to get the vaccine.C.the emphasis on hand-washing has no scientific ground.D.hand-washing
30、can only reduce the rate of pneumoni10.In 2005 s c i en t i s t s in Spa in report ed t hat t he m ore pes t i c ides ch i Idrenw ere ex pos ed t o as fet u s es (胚胎)，t he great er t heir ris k of bein gov erw eight as t oddlers.An d I as t Jan u ary s c i en t i s t s i n Be I g i u m fou n d t hat
31、chi Idren ex pos ed t o higher I ev e I s of PCBs an d DDE(t he breakdow n produ ctof t he pes t icide DDT)before birt h w ere fat t er t han t hos e ex pos ed t o low erlev els.Neit her s t u dy prov es cau s at ion,bu t t hey s u pport t he fin din gsin ex perim en t al an im als,n s ay s New bold
32、.They s how a I in k bet w eenex pos u re t o en v iron m en t al chem icals.an d t he dev eIopm en t of obes it y.“In t he paragraph t he w rit er in t en ds t o con v ey t o t he reader t hatA.there might be a link between exposure to environmental chemicals andthe development of obesity.B.there i
33、s a cause-effect relation between exposure to environmentalchemicals and obesity.C.children who are exposed to pesticides are likely to develop obesity,in their adulthood.D.scientists have done experiments to see the link between environmentalchemicals and obesity for years.11.Am ids t t he s econ d
34、 w ors t reces s ion in Un it ed St at es his t ory,t hrift ycon s u m ers are t u rn in g t o t he in t ern etA.She was a school teacher.B.She was a housewife.C.She was the sales representative of Dazzle White.D.She was an online advertising designer.12.Dav ies is an off i c i a I of t he Sas kat c
35、hew an Med i caI Soc i et y,s o it s n ot s u rpris in g t hat he w ou ld w an t t o ex t ol Can adian m edicin e.Bu t t hatfee I i n g of pat riot ic pride in t he n at i on9 s healt h-care s y s t em iss om et hin g t hat ju s t abou t al I Can adian s s hare.They lov e t o poin t ou tt hat Can ad
36、a prov ides cov erage for ev ery body,u s u ally w it h n o copay an dn o dedu ct i bIe-w hile t he U.S.I eav es t en s of m i I I ion s of it s cit iz en su n in s u red.They lov e t o rem in d US t hat,w hile t he U.S.let s s om e 700,000peopIe go ban kru pt du e t o m edicaI bills each y ear,t he
37、 n u m ber ofm edicaIban kru pt cies in Can ada is precis ely z ero.Alm os t al I Can adian sare prou d of t he fact t hatA.Canada/s health-care system covers every one of its citizens.B.many people go bankrupt each year due to medial bills.C.many people are not included in the health-care system.D.
38、people have to wait for a long time for medical treatment.13.Alex an der is t he firs t pat i en t at t he n ew ly open ed RESTART,a v ideo-gam e an d In t ern et addict ion recov ery program in Fai I Cit y,W as h.,abou t30 m iles eas t of Seat t Ie.It1 s hard t o im agin e Alex an der,n ow m errily
39、giv in g a t ou r of t he w oods y faci I it y,glu ed t o a com pu t er gam e for m oret han 16 hou rs a day,bu t he s ay s,It w as pret t y m u ch al I I w as doin gw hen 1 w as in co 11ege.W here is RESTART Iocat edA.In WashingtonD.CB.In Fall CityC.In SeattleD.In Manhattan.14.Nev ert heles s,han d
40、-w as hin g is s t ill y ou r bes t defen s e again s tget t i n g s ick gen eral ly t his fall-colds an d ot her res pirat ory d i s eas esare n o fu n,ev en if t hey don t s ou n d as s cary as s w in e flu.For t hatan d ot her flu v iru s es,don t s eek s o I u t i on s at t he s in k:y ou r bes
41、t chan ceof av o idin g H1N1 t his fa 11 is t o get t he v acc i n e on ce i t becom es av a i I able.At t he s i n kM i n t he paragraph refers t o t he effort t o av o i d be i n g i n fect edby flu v iru s esA.before the disease becomes too serious.B.by hand-washing.C.by getting the vaccine.D.bef
42、ore you are surrounded by carriers.15.In t hat las t s en t en ce.Dav ies s et fort h t he n at ion aI et hic of healt hcare in his cou n t ry:m edicin e is n ot a com m odit y t o be s old t o t he highes tbidder,bu t a right t hat m u s t be dis t ribu t ed equ it ably （公平合理的）t oon e an d all.In s
43、 hort,t he Gan adian s hav e bu ilt a healt h-care s y s t emt hat n eat Iy fit s t he Can ad i an charact er:ferociou s ly egalit ar ian （平等主义的），bu t t hrift y at t he s am e t im e.Accordin g t o t he au t hor,Can ad i an s are.A.extremely egalitarian and thriftyB.extremely egalitarian but not thr
44、iftyC.not egalitarian at all but thriftyD.neither egalitarian nor thrifry16.阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A项；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B项；如果该句信息文章中没有提及，请选择C项。B The W orkers1 Role in Man agem en t /B Tradit ion al lyv it has been t he w orkers role t o w ork an d m an agem en t9s role t
45、 o m an age.Man agers hav e p I an n ed an d d i rect ed t he firm s operat i on sw it h lit t le t hou ght t o con s u 11in g t he labor force.Man agers hav e rarelyfelt com pe11ed t o obt a i n t he w orkers,op i n i on s or t o ex p lain t heirdecis ion s t o t heir em pIoy ees.At m os t,com pan
46、ies hav e prov ided11s u gges t ion box es in w hich w orkers cou ld place ideas for im prov in gprocedu res.In recen t y ears,how ev er,m an y m an agem en t s pec i a Ii s t s hav ebeen argu in g t hat w orkers are m ore t han s eilers of labor-t hey hav e av it al s t ake in t he com pan y an d m
47、 ay be able t o m ake s ign ifican tcon t ribu t ion s t o it s m an agem en t.Fu rt herm ore,m ajor com pan y decis ion sprofou n d I y affect w orkers an d t he i r depen den t s.This i s part icu lar ly t ru eof plan t clos in gs,w hich m ay pu t t hou s an ds on t he u n em pIoy m en t Iin es.Sh
48、ou Id w orkers,t hen,play a s t ron ger role in m an agem en tW orkers s hou Id hav e a role in m an agem en t.At t he v ery leas t,t he laborforce s hou I d be in form ed of m ajor policy decis ion s.(A com m on com p I a i n tam on g ran k-an d-fiIe w orkers is t he lack of in form at ion abou t c
49、om pan ypolicies an d act ion s.)Bet w een 1980 an d 1985 abou t f i v e m i 11 i on w orkersw ere t he v ict im s of plan t c I os i n gs an d perm an en t lay offs,oft en w it h n ow arn in g.At leas t 90 day s n ot ice ou ght t o be giv en in s u ch in s t an cess o t hat w orkers hav e t im e t
50、o adju s t.Man agem en t s hou Id con s u lt w orkersbefore c I os i n g a plan t,becau s e t he w orkers m ight be able t o s u gges t w ay sof im prov in g produ ct iv it y an d redu cin g cos t s an d m ight be w i 11 in g t o m akecon ces s ion s t hat w i11 help keep t he plan t operat in g.It