考研核心词汇精讲.pdf

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1、词汇记忆法简介1.死记：这是词汇记忆之本，主要针对绝大部分名词和一些意义固定的动词、形容词等2.词缀：前缀和后缀,如counter-；inter-；3.联想记忆：个词联想出串词，联想方式可以有本人特色4.阅读记忆：通过阅读解决词汇，主要针对多义词和用法不易把握的词5.情景记忆：用情景将相关词汇连缀起来记忆6.相互为难记忆：互相考试单词意义及拼写7.练习记忆：做词汇练习题，这是一种颇有效的方法1第一讲abandonabideabolishabsorbabsorptionabuseaccelerateV t.丢弃；放弃，抛弃Vt.（by）坚持，遵 守 vt.忍受v t.废除，取消v t.吸收；使专

2、心n.吸收；专注v t,滥用：虐 待 n.滥用vt.（使）加快；促进accessAccommodaten.接近；通道，入口;接近或进入的方法v t.容纳；供应，供给Teachers need to be aware of the emotional,intellectual,and physical changes that young adults experience.And they also need to give serious thought to how they can be best accommodate such changes.(2002)accompanyaccom

3、plishv t.陪伴，陪同；伴随v t.达到（目的）;完 成No company likes to be told it is contributing to the moral decline of a nation.t4Is this what you intended toaccomplish with your careers?”Senator Robert Dole asked Time Warner executives last week.(1997)accountn.记述；解释；帐目If two theories are equal to their ability to a

4、ccount for a body of data,the theory that does so with the smallernomber of assumptions is to be preferred.(1999)Multinational corporations accounted for less than 20%of international trade in 1982.Today the figure ismore than 25%and growing rapidly.(2001)No one would have time to read or listen to

5、an account o/,everything that is going on in the world.(1996)accumulatev t.积 累 v i.堆积What should one do before paying monthly bills,if he wants to accumulate wealth!accuse(of)accustom(to)accustomedacheachievev t.指责；归咎于V t.使习惯a.习惯了的v.痛 n.疼痛，酸痛vt.完成，实现；达到I also know that people in Japan and Sweden,cou

6、ntries that spend far less on medical care,have achievedlonger,healthier lives than we have.(2003)Sir Edward Tylors formulation of the concept of culture was one of the great intellectual achievements of19th century science.acknowledgeacquaintacquireactivateVt.承认；告知收到V t.使认识，使了解v t.取得；获得；学到;收购V.使活泼，

7、加速反应Stimulants initially speed up or activate the central nervous system,whereas depressants slow it down.(1997)2adaptaddressV t.使适应；改编n.地址；演说；谈吐To make your humor works,you have to address different problems to different people.(2002)adhereadjacentadjoinadjustadmireadoptadvancedadventureadvocateVi.

8、粘附；追随；坚持a.毗连的；紧接着的v t.贴近，毗连；靠近V t.调整，调节；校正v t.钦佩；羡慕；赞美v t.收养；采用；采取a.先进的；高级的n.冒险，冒险活动n.辩 护 者 vt.拥护When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion,it is advisable to find out what its advocates areaiming at,for,however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today,it is possible tha

9、t in years tocome they may be regarded as normal.(2000)affection n.慈爱，爱；爱慕affirm v t.断言，批准；证实afford v t.担负得起；提供The chairman of the board pressed on me the unpleasant job of dismissing good workers the firm can nolonger afford to employ.(2001)Medical costs are becoming unaffordable.(2003)While histor

10、y once revered its affinity to literature and philosophy,the emerging social sciences seemed toafford greater opportunities for asking new questions and providing rewarding approaches to an understanding ofthe past.agony n.极度痛苦alcohol n.酒精，乙醇ambulance n.救护车；野战医院alien a.外 国 的 n.外国人There exists a soci

11、al and cultural disconnect between journalists and their readers,which helps explain whythe standard templates of the newsroom seem alien to many readers.(2001)alternate v t.使 交 替 a交替的amateur a.业余的n业余爱好者ambiguous a.模棱两可的；分歧的As Eugene Ferguson has pointed out,A technologist thinks about objects that

12、cannot be reduced tounambiguous verbal descriptions they are dealt with in his mind by a visual,nonverbal process.(1996)Methodology is a term that remains inherently ambiguous in the historical professional999)amplifyVt.放大，增强；扩大amusevt.娱 乐;逗 乐analyseVt.分析，分解，解析analytica.分析的，解析的announcevt.宣布，宣告，发表ann

13、oyVt.使恼怒；打搅3anticipate vt.预料，预期，期望Feeling threatened,companies responded by writing ever-longer warning labels,trying to anticipate everypossible accident.(1999)appeal vi.&n呼吁；申述Some place great emphasis on mechanical guarding.Others stress safe work practices by observing rulesor regulations.Still

14、others depend on an emotional appeal to the worker.(1999)Shippers who feel they are being overcharged have the right to appeal to the federal governmentsSurface Transportation Board for rate relief,but the process is expensive,time consuming,and will work only intruly extreme cases.(2003)applaudVt.喝

15、彩；欢呼vi.欢呼appliancen.用具，器具，器械applicablea.能应用的；适当的applicationn.请求，申请；施用appointvt.任命，委任；约定appreciateVt.感激：欣赏appreciationn.欣赏；鉴别；感激approachvt.向靠 近 n.靠近approvaln.赞成，同意；批准approvevt.赞成，称许；批准arisevi.出现：由引起arousevt.唤醒；引起；激起aiTangevt.整理，分类，排列arrestvt.逮捕，拘留；阻止artificiala.人工的；娇揉造作的Some of the biggest developmen

16、ts will be in medicine,including an extended life expectancy and dozensof artificial organs coming into use between now and 2040.(2001)ascendvi.攀登，登高；追溯assaultvt.袭击；殴 打 n.攻击assemblevt.集合，召集；装配assertvt.断言，宣称；维护assessvt.对（财产等）估价assignVt.指派；分配；指定assignmentn.任务，指定的作业assistvt.援助，帮助；搀扶associatevi.交往；联 想 n

17、.伙伴，同事assumeVt.假定；承担；呈现The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought,which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse languages could be.(2004)Do animals have rights?This is how the question is usually put.It sounds like a useful,g

18、round-clearingway to start.Actually,it isnt,because it assumes that there is an agreed account of human rights,which issomething the world does not have.(1997)As is true of any developed society,in America a complex set of cultural signals,assumptions,a conventions4underlies all social interrelation

19、ships.(1998)assure vt.使确信；向保证.she wanted to know if vaccines come from animal research.When assured that they do,shereplied,4tThen I would have to say yes.”(2003)astonishattachattainattemptattendattributevt.使惊讶Vt.缚,系，贴；附加vt.达到，获得，完成vt.尝试，试 图 n.企图vt.出席；照顾，护vt.把归 因 于 n.属性How things have changed!In 199

20、5 the United States can look back on five years of solid growth whileJapan has been struggling.Few Americans attribute this solely to such obvious causes as a devalued dollar or theturning of the business cycle.(2000)avenuen.林荫道，道路：大街averageawaitawardn.平 均 数 a.平均的vt.等候，期待n.奖，奖品；判定awarea.知道的，意识5第二讲ba

21、chelor n.未婚男子；学土balance vt.使平衡；称 n.天平bankrupt a.破 产 的 vt使破产bargain n.交 易vi.议价；成交bathe vt.给洗澡；弄湿beam n.梁；横梁；束，柱behave vi.表现，举止；运转bend vt.使 弯 曲 vi.弯曲benefit n.利益；恩惠；津贴betray vt.背叛；辜负；泄漏beware vt.&vi.谨防，当心bid vt.命令vi.报价Yet railroads continue to borrow billions to acquire one another,with Wall Street ch

22、eeringthem on.Consider the.2 billion bid by Norfolk Southern and CSX to acquire Conrail this year.(2003)bind vt.捆,绑blame vt.责备，把归咎于Its easy to blame the decline of conversation on the pace of modem life and on the vaguechanges taking place in our ever-changing world.(1999)blaze vt.使 燃 烧 vi.燃烧bleed v

23、i.出血，流血；泌脂blend vt.&vi,&n.混和You must blend the flour and eggs and sugar together before you make cakes.The countryside and the houses seem to blend(into each other).bless vt.保佑；降福blessing n.祝福bloom vi.开 花 n.花；开花blossom n.花，开花 vi.开花boast vi.自夸vt吹嘘Given all these disadvantages,central bankers seem to

24、have had much to boast about oflate.(1997)This village boasts three shops.bore vt.令(人)厌烦bosom n.胸，胸部；内心6bother t.烦扰，迷 惑 n.麻烦bounce vi.反跳，弹起；跳起bound a.一定的；有义务的boundary n.分界线,边界broaden vt.&vi.放宽，变阔For any job search,you should start with a narrow concept what you think you want to dothen broaden it.(2

25、004)7第三讲calculate vt.计算；估计；计划cancel vt.取消，撤消；删去capable a.有能力的，有才能的It denies rights not only to animals but also to some people for instance to infants,thementally incapable and future generations.(1997)I believe that the most important forces behind the massive M&A wave are the same thatunderlie the

26、 globalization process:falling transportation and communication costs,lower trade andinvestment barriers and enlarged markets that require enlarged operations capable of meetingcustomers demands.(2001)capacitycapturecareern.容量；能力；能量vt.捕获，俘获；夺得n.生涯，职业，经历carvevt.刻,雕 刻；切开castcataloguecautionVt.投，扔，抛：浇铸

27、vt.为编目录n.小心；告 诫 vt.警告ceasecelebratevi.&vi.&n.停止，停息vt.庆祝；歌颂，赞美cementcertificatechallengecharacterizevt.粘 结 vi.粘紧 1.证书，证件，执照n.挑战；要求，需要v t.表示的特色，赋予特色Japanese education is characterized by mechanical learning as well as creativity.(2000)Straitfords business is characterized by unpredictability.(2003)cha

28、rtercherishchewchillchokechopcirculatevt.租 n.宪章；契 据(charter flight)vt.珍爱；怀有(感情)vt.咀嚼，嚼碎vt.使 变 冷 n.寒冷vt.使窒息；塞满vt.&vi.砍，伐vt.使 循 环 vi.循环The 215-page manuscript,circulated to publishers last October,sparked an outbursl ofinterest.(2000)citeVt.引用，引证；举例8civilizeclarifyclaspclassifyclingcloakclutchcoachcoi

29、ncidevt.使文明；教育vt.澄清，阐明vt.扣住，扣紧，钩住vt.把分类Vi.粘住；依附；坚持vt.掩盖，覆盖，掩饰vt.抓 住 vi.掌握,攫Vt.辅导，指导，训练vi.相符合；相巧合（coincidence）Can this merely be coincidence?(2004)It was no coincidence that his car was seen near the bank at the time of the robbery.(2001)collaboratecollapsecollectcollidecombatcombinevi.协作，合作；协调Vi.倒坍；

30、崩溃，瓦解vt.收 集 vi.收款vi.碰撞；冲突，抵触vt.跟战 斗 vi.格斗vt.使结合；兼有Sad to say,this project has turned out to be mostly low-level findings about factual errorsand spelling and grammar mistakes,combined with lots of head-scratching puzzlement aboutwhat in the world those readers really want.(2001)The emphasis on data

31、gathered first-hand,combined with a cross-cultural perspectivebrought to the analysis of cultures past and present,makes this study a unique and distinctlyimportant social science.(2003)comfortcommandn.舒适；安 慰 vt.安慰vt.命令，指挥;控制commencevt.开 始 vi.获得学位commentcommitn.评论，意见；注释vt.犯（错误）;干（坏事）There is another

32、 way to commit evolutionary suicide,.stay alive,but have fewer children.(2000)A sense of commitment(2003)committeecommoditycommonplacecommonsensen.委员会；全体委员n.日用品，商品，物品a.平 凡 的 n.平常话a.有常识的Practicality,common sense,and native intelligence have been considered more noblequalities than anything you could

33、learn from a book.(2004)commonwealthn洪和国；联邦9communicate vi.&vt.通信；通话compact a.紧 密 的 vt.使紧凑comparable a.可比较的；类似的Making monetary policies is comparable to driving a car.(1997)compass n.罗盘，指南针；圆规compel vt.强迫，迫使屈服It also means that governments are increasingly compelled to interfere in these sectors ino

34、rder to step up production and ensure that it is utilized to the best advantage.(2000)The writer was compelled by circumstances to leave her job.(2001)compensate vt.&vi.补偿，赔偿compete vi.比赛；竞争；对抗compile vt.编辑，编制，搜集complain vi.抱怨，拆苦；控告complement vt.补充n.补足(物)In any case,basic computer skills are only co

35、mplementary to the host of real skills that arenecessary to becoming any kind of professional 1999)complicate vt.使复杂；使陷入complicated a.复杂的，难懂的What they found,in attempting to model thought,is that the human brains roughly onehundred billion nerve cells are much more talented-and human perception far

36、morecomplicated-than previously imagined.(2002)complication n.复杂，混乱；并发症Another complication was the excess of imports over exports.(新 出现的 问题)compliment n.问 候 vt.赞美，祝贺Marlin is a young man of independent thinking who is not about to pay compliments tohis political leaders.(1999)complycomposecomprehen

37、dcompresscomprisevi.应允，遵照，照做vt.创作（乐曲）vi.作曲vt.了解，理解，领会vt.压紧，压缩vt.包含，包括；构成The word prises,in itself,a difficult study of no puteconcealconceivevt.&vi.计算vt.把隐藏起来vt.设想，以为；怀孕concentrateconcessionvt.&vi.浓缩,提浓n.让步，迁就10condemnvt.谴责,指责；判刑condenseVt.压缩,使缩短confessvt.供认，承认；坦白confineVt限制；禁闭confirmvt.证实,肯定；批准conf

38、ormvt.使 遵 守 vi.一致Nor,if regularity and conformity to a standard pattern are as desirable to the scientist asthe writing of his papers would appear to reflect,is management to be blamed for discriminatingagainst the odd balls“among researchers in favor of more conventional thinkers who work wellwith

39、the team.u(1999)While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians,modernpractice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain thesignificant events of the past.(1999)confront vt,使面对；使对证Such advances offer the aging population a qua

40、lity of life that was unimaginable when Ientered medicine 50 years ago.But not even a great health-care system can cure death-and ourfailure to confront that reality now threatens this greatness of ours.(2003)Using extremely different decorating schemes in adjoining rooms may result inand lack of un

41、ity in style.A conflict B confrontation C disturbance D disharmony(2001)confusevt.使混乱，混淆congratulatevt.祝贺，向道喜conquervt.征服consentn.同意，赞 成 vi.同意consistvi.由组成；在于consolidatevt.巩 固 vi.合并constructvt.建造；建设；构筑consultvt.查阅consumeVt.消耗，消费；消灭contendvi.竞争vt.坚决主张contestvt.争夺，争取；辩驳contradictvt.反驳，否认contrastvt.使对比

42、vi.形成对比contributeVt.捐献，捐助；投稿convertVt.转变，改变，变换conveyVt.传达；传播；转让convinceVt.使确信，使信服coordinatea.同 等 的 n.同等的人11correspondcorruptcrashvi.相符合；相当vt.贿 赂 a.腐败的vi.碰撞，坠 落 n.碰撞createvt.创造；引起，产生creepcultivatevi.爬行；缓慢地行进vt.耕；种植；培养curevt.医治；消 除 n.治愈curvecushionn.曲线；弯 vt.弄弯n.软垫子12第四讲ddarkenVI.弄暗,使模糊dashn.猛冲；短跑deafe

43、nvt.使聋：使隔音debaten.,vt.&vi.争论;辩论decayvt.使腐朽，使腐烂deceivevt.欺骗，蒙蔽，行骗declarevt.断言；声明；表明；（关税等）申报declinevt.下倾；偏斜；衰退decomposevt.&vi.腐败；分解decoratevt.装饰，装璜，修饰decreasevi.&n.减少，减少dedicatevt.奉献：献身Then it sponsors lots of symposiums and a credibility project dedicated to wondering whycustomers are annoyed and fle

44、eing in large numbers.(2001)deducedefendVt.演绎，推论，推断vt.保卫，防守deformvt.损坏的形状deliverVt.投递，送交；发表demonstratevt.说明；论证；表露denotevt.指示，意味着departvi.离开，起程；出发depositvt.使沉淀；存放depressVL使沮丧；按下deprivevt.夺 去;使（人）失去derivevt.取 得 vi.起源descendVi.下来，下降；下倾desertvt.遗弃；擅离（职守）deservevt.应受，值得designatevt.指出，指示；指定despiseVt.鄙视，蔑视

45、destroyVt.破坏；消灭；打破detachVt.分开：派遣（军队）detainVt.耽搁；扣押，拘留detectVt.察觉，发觉；侦察determineVt.决定；查明；决心deviateVt.（使）背离，偏离13devisevt.设计,发明devotevt.将奉献，致力于diagnoseVt.诊断（疾病）dictatevt.&vi.口授;命令digestvt.&vi.消化diminishvt.减少,减小，递减disableVt.使无能，使伤残discernVt.看出，辨出；辨别dischargevt.释 放;排 出 n.释放disciplinen.纪律；训练；学科vt.训练disgui

46、sevi.隐瞒，掩 埋 n.假装dismissVt.打发走；开除dispersevt.（使）分散；驱散displacevt.移置；取代；置换displayvt.陈列，展览；显示displeasevt.使不愉快，使生气disposevi.去掉,丢掉;销毁disputevi.争论，争 执 n.争论dissatisfyvi.使不满，使不平dissolvevt.解除（婚约等）distanta.在远处的，疏远的distillationn.蒸饵distincta.独特的The BBC aint broke,they say,by which they mean it is not broken(as di

47、stinct from theword broke*,meaning having no money),so why bother to change it?(1996)distinction n.差别，不同，区分Once commercial promotion begins to fill the screen uninvited,the distinction between theWeb and television fades.Thats a prospect that horrifies Net purists.(1999)distinctlydistinguishad.显然，清楚

48、地vt.区别，辨别，认另！Jdistortvt.歪曲,曲解，扭曲distractvt.分散（心思）；打扰distressn.忧虑，悲伤；不幸distributevt.分发，分送；分布distributionn.分发，分配；分布disturbvt.打扰，扰乱;弄乱divorcen.离 婚,离 异 vi.离婚dockvt.把引入船坞dominatevt.统治，支配，控制As was discussed before,it was not until the 19th century that the newspaper became thedominant pre-electronic mediu

49、m,following in the wake of the pamphlet and the book and in the14form of the periodical.(2002)In Manhattan,“theres a new gold rush happening in the$4 million to$10 million range,predominantly fed by Wall Street bonuses,M says broker Barbara Corcoran.(2004)draft n.草稿；汇 票 vt.起草drain vt.排去；放 水 n.耗竭draw

50、back n.退款；妨碍；弊端dreadful a.可怕的；令人敬畏的drift vi.漂流，漂 泊 n.漂流drought n.旱灾，干旱drown vt.&vi.淹死due a.预期的；应给的dump vt.倾卸，倾倒；倾销duplicate n.复 制 品 vt.复制dwell n,居住vi.凝思，细想；阐述dwelling n.住处，寓所dynamic a.有活力的；动力的We cant yet give a robot enough common sense to reliably interact with a dynamic world.15第五讲eearningsn.工资，收入