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1、中考语法复习学案：冠词、数词第 5 页学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司【真题呈现】学校: 班级: 姓名: 一、单项选择() 1. Benjamin has learned that it is not polite to make fun of others. (2019 上海)A. aB. anC. theD. / () 2. Are you little boy in the photo, Tony? Yes, its me. This photo was taken
2、 when I was only three. (2019 山东)A. aB. anC. theD. /D. /() 3. As volunteer at the Beijing Expo 2019 ( 园艺博览会),Lu Ming understands idea of green life better than before. (2019 江苏)A. a; anB. a; theC. the; anD. the; the () 4. Im going to have picnic on Sunday. (2019 天津)A. the; anB. an; theC.a; /D. an; /
3、() 5. . The 2022 Winter Olympics impressed me a lot, and _ moment Xu Mengtao won the gold medal moved me the most. (2022 镇江)A. a B. an C. the D. 不填二、 词汇（用适当的冠词填空）1. (2022河南)There are a lot of great Chinese sayings and many of them are about how to live _ good life.2. (2022遂宁) There is _ useful robot
4、 in the restaurant near my home. 3. (2022达州) Natalia, _ exchange student from Spain, is _ university student in Henan now.4(2022齐齐哈尔改编) My brother Tom cant play _ violin very well.5(2022扬州) China has helped end 70% of poverty(贫困) worldwide since _ late 1970s, according to _ World Bank.6(2022海南) I go
5、t _ dog yesterday as a birthday gift. _ dog is very cute and I like it.【知识梳理】【解题策略】一、冠词(一) 不定冠词(a/an)的用法： 第一次提及某人某物，非特指;A boy is waiting for you. 泛指一类人或事，相当于 a kind of;A plane is a machine that can fly. 用于时间、速度等名词前，相当于 every;We study eight hours a day. 用于某些固定结构中;in a hurry; for a while; have a cold【
6、注意】(1) a 用于以辅音音素开始的单词前，而 an 用于以元音音素开始的单词前。以元音音素开头的字母有：a, e, f, h, i, l, m, n, o, r, s, x(2) 以 u 开头的单词要注意，开头发音的单词用 an，开头发ju:音的单词用 a(3) 单词“one wn”的读音要注意，它的前面要用冠词 “a” (二) 定冠词 the 的用法： 表示说话双方都了解的或上文提到过的人或事;Would you mind opening the door? 用于世上独一无二的事物名词前;the Sun, the moon 用于序数词和形容词副词比较级最高级前;the first les
7、son is very easy. 表示“一家人”或“夫妇”;the Greens, the Wangs 与某些形容词连用表示一类人;The rich should help the poor. 用于乐器前面;play the violin, play the guitar 用于江河湖海，山川群岛等专有名词前;the Great Wall, the United States 在逢十的复数数词之前，指世纪的某个年代;in the 1990s (三) 零冠词的用法： 人名、地名、国家名等专有名词前;Mary lives in New York. 季节，月份，星期，节假日，一日三餐前;Spring
8、 comes after winter. 学科，语言，球类，棋类名词前;He likes playing football/chess. 与 by 连用表示交通工具的名词前;by train, by plane, by bike 表示泛指的复数名词前;Horses are useful animals. “专有名词+普通名词”构成的街名、路名等;Nanjing Road, Hainan Island 部分公共假日、节日名称前;New Years Day, Womens Day 名词前已有物主代词、名词所有格修饰时;Jims father is a doctor.根据句意，用适当的冠词 a /
9、an, the 或零冠词“ / ”填空：1. All of us think French is useful skill. Everyone must work hard.2. The students in Class One are planning one-day holiday now.3. We all know that orange is orange.4. I prefer playing guitar to playing Chinese chess.5. China has population of 1.3 billion.6. Swimming is great fu
10、n in summer.7. I caught bad cold and stayed in bed yesterday.【拓展】(1) 不定冠词与序数词连用，构成 a+序数词(first 除外)，表示“又一，再一”。The cake is delicious, and I would like a second one.(2) 用语某些谚语中。An apple a day keeps the doctor away.二、数词数词分为基数词和序数词。表示事物数目的词为基数词，表示事物顺序的词为序数词。(一) 基数词1. 基数词的表示方法： 基数词 112 是独立单词，需逐个记忆 基数词 131
11、9 在个位数后加-teen 构成，其中 thirteen, fifteen, eighteen 是不规则变化 整十数 2090 是在个位基数词后加-ty 构成，其中 twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, eighty 是不规则变化; 非整十数基数词 21、22 至 99 是在整十数后加上个位数构成，中间加“-”连字符构成; 三位以上的基数词，在百位和十位之间一般要用连词 and; 英语中没有“万”和“亿”这两个基数词，只有 hundred (百)、thousand (千)、million (百万)和 billion (十亿)基数词单位;2. 基数词的读法：从后往前数，每隔
12、三位加一个逗号，第一个逗号前读 thousand，第二个逗号前读 million， 第三个逗号前读 billion，年代的读法是两位两位地读。3. 基数词的用法： 表达编号、电话号码Lesson Five, in Room 801整点时间基数词 + oclocke. g. Its eight oclock now.几点几分直接表达法，先小时后分three twenty-five间接表达法，先分后小时30 分钟用 totwenty-five to four30 分 钟 (half),15 分 钟 (a quarter)half past threea quarter to four 表示加减乘除
13、数学运算 Three plusand five is eight. 表示确指和泛指 five hundred students, hundreds of students 表示百分数Thirty of percent of it is water. 表约数；表不确定的数字时，数词用复数。若带名词，再加 of; hundreds of (数百，成百上千的), millions of (数百万的) 基数词单数名词形容词构成合成形容词a five-year-old boy “在某人几十几岁”时，用基数词的复数形式in his thirties (二) 序数词1. 序数词的构成 （口诀记忆）：基变序，
14、有规律；词尾要加 th；一二三，特殊记；词尾分别 tdd；八去 t，九去 e；ve 则以f 替；ty 则变作 ti；后面还有一个 e；要是遇到几十几；只将个位变成序。2. 序数词的用法： 在句中主要用作主语、宾语、表语或定语 They found the second quickly. 用于楼层，世纪、生日、顺序等 on Jims fifteenth birthday 序数词前如果有形容词性物主代词、名词所有格等限定词时，就不需要加定冠词 the It is Lucys third time to visit Beijing. “a/an+序数词”表示“又一，再一”，强调动作的反复性Weve
15、tried it three times. Must we try it a fourth time? 序数词后跟动词不定式； He is the first to come to school every morning. (三) 分数、次数1. 分数的表达：分子用基数词，分母用序数词；分子超过 1，分母加-sIt is said that three (eight) of the school students suffer from sub-health.2. 次数的表达：一次(once), 两次(twice), 三次及以上用“基数词+times”表示Jims father goes t
16、o New York (two) a month. (四) 日期、年代1. 日期表达用序数词（2 种） 3 月 1 日March the first = the first of March2. 年代用基数词，两位两位地读1999 年: nineteen ninety-nine; 2001 年two thousand and one【拓展】1. 分数作主语时，谓语动词要根据分数后的名词来确定单、复数; Four fifths of the water is drunk by the children.2. 表示时间、距离、价格、重量、数目、数学运算等的词或短语做主语时，表示整体概念，谓语动词用
17、单数10 kilometers is a long way to him. He is too tired.【当堂巩固】一、单项选择() 1. May10,0 77 was marked as first Chinese Brands Day (中国品牌日). “Made in China” has come of age. (2017镇江)A. AB. anC. theD. / () 2. Have you heard about Zhangjiajie Glass Footbridge? (2018连云港) Of course, its built over a canyon in the
18、 Zhangjiajie National Forest Park.A. 300-meter-deepB. 300-meters-deepC. 300 meter deepD. 300-meters deep() 3. Every year, books are donated to the children in poor areas. (2018淮安)A. MillionB. millionsC. millions ofD. million of () 4. Mum, of my classmates glasses. Oh, my god. You need to protect you
19、r eyes well. (2017宿迁)A. three-fourths; wearsB. three-fourth; wearC. three-fourth; wearsD. three-fourths; wear () 5. Mr Black looks very excited. (2018 江苏昆山第二次质测) Yes. 90 percent of the students already come to his birthday party.A. have; seventiethB. have; seventiesC. has; seventiesD. has; seventiet
20、h () 6. Can you remember when Mrs.Li left the town? Sorry, I cant. I only remember it was Sunday. (2019丹阳)A. aB. anC. theD. /() 7. Hawking, one of most famous scientists, passed away in March. (2018镇江)A. aB. anC. theD. /二、用所给数词的适当形式填空1. I have tried three times, and the teacher asks me to have a (fo
21、ur) try.2. Even a child knows September is the (nine) month of a year.3. In her late (forty), she became the general manager of a company.4. Yesterday was my daughters (two) birthday.5. Climb up to the (eleven) floor, and you can enjoy a better view.6. The number of the pages in this book is five (h
22、undred).7. Two (five) of the land in that district is covered with trees and flowers.8. The (nineteen) World Book Day was on April 23,2014.9. He has already tried a (three) time and Im sure hell make it.10. Mike goes to see his grandparents (one) a week.【课后拓展】Every now and then you may see news of s
23、atellites （卫星） sent into space.On Feb 21，for example,US company SpaceX took 46 satellites into orbit （轨道）.On Feb 27，China sent 22 satellites into space.Why do we need so many satellites？What do they do out there？ At present,there are more than 3，000 active satellites moving around the Earth.Satellit
24、es do all kinds of work.They are used to send TV signals, give you directions on the road and help scientists do research. For example,the 22 satellites China just sent up are part of the Beidou Navigation（导航）Satellite System.Shared bikes that use BeiDou chips （芯片） can be found more easily. Before s
25、atellites,TV signals didnt go very far.Mountains or tall buildings would block （阻碍） them.Phone calls to faraway places were also a big problem.With satellites,TV signals and phone calls can be sent directly to a satellite and back down to different places on Earth.SpaceXs Starlink project is trying
26、to go further.It plans to use satellites to provide Internet in the future. Satellites can also provide information about clouds,oceans,land and ice.They help scientists predict changes in weather and climate.By closely watching wildfires and volcanoes,satellites help people deal with natural disast
27、ers.Farmers can use satellite images to decide the best time to water their fields. Some satellites fly near other planets.They may look for water on Mars or take close-up pictures of other planets. In 2020，video website Bilibili sent a satellite into space.Its job is to look at other planets and sh
28、are the pictures and videos with Bilibilis users. Like any other machines,satellites do not last forever.When they die,they either burn up or become space junk.Someday we may need to send garbage trucks to clean them up.1.Whats the function（作用） of Paragraph 1？ _ A. To introduce the topic of satellit
29、es. B. To describe what satellites are like.C. To explain the importance of satellites. D. To compare the two countries satellites.2.What can satellites do at present according to the text？ _ a.Prevent natural disasters. b.Send telephone signals. c.Help scientists do research. d.Take pictures of oth
30、er planets.A. abcB. abdC. acdD. bcd3.How does the writer organize this passage？ _ A. By telling stories. B. By giving examples.C. By listing reasons. D. By asking questions.4.Whats the best title for the passage？ _ A. Satellites Guiding the Way B. SpaceXs StarlinkC. Chinese Space Development D. Sky-high Technology