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1、The Attributive Clause(定语从句定语从句)观察思考1.The man _lives next to us sells vegetables.2.A plane is a machine _ can fly.3.This is the scientist _ name is known to all.4.The room _ window faces to south is mine.5.Do you remember the day _ we first met?who/thatwhich/thatwhosewhosewhen6.The school _ we study
2、 is beautiful.7.The reason _ he was late was that he missed the train.wherewhy先来看几个相关术语先来看几个相关术语1.定语定语2.定语从句定语从句3.先行词先行词4.关系词关系词1.定语：定语：定语用来限定、修饰名词或代定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的，是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作词的，是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用的的表示。表示。acleverboyTheboilingwaterfallenleavesThemanwhoyouarelookingfor.定语从
3、句：修饰或限定一个名词、代词或一句话的从句This is the best film that I have seen.定语从句the best film 先行词that关系词Revision1 relative pronoun 关系关系代词代词指代指代在定语从句中所充当的在定语从句中所充当的成分成分人人物物句子句子主语主语宾语宾语定语定语whowhomwhichthatwhose基础知识回顾:关系词及其意义指代人 指代事物 所属关系 指地点 指时间 指原因 who,whom,that,aswhich,that,aswhosewherewhenwhy关系代词关系副词归纳总结做题技巧?先分析定语
4、从句中缺少什么成分PRACTICE 改正下列句子中的错误。1.The book that you need it is in the library 2.Those who has finished may go home 3.He is the only one of the teachers who know French in our school 4.This is one of the rooms that is free now 5.Children eat a lot of sugar often have bad teeth 6.I still remember the day
5、 on that I first came to Beijing haveknowsarewho/thatwhich1.TheexactyearwhenAngelaandherfamilyspenttogetherinChinawas2008.2.Idontthinkthereasonwhyheexplainedatthemeetingwasreasonable.3.Ihavefinishedreadingallthebookswhichwereborrowedfromtheschoollibrary.4.Bobisinahopelesssituation,wherewewillkeepave
6、rycloseeyeon.5.Thankyouforyourassistance,withoutthatImighthavebeenindanger.错题再现错题再现单句改错单句改错that/whichthat/whichthat/whichthat/whichthatthatwhichwhichwhichwhich6.Theairqualityinthecity,whichisshowninthereport,hasimprovedoverthepasttwomonth.7.Thisissuchaninterestingbookthateverystudentofourclasslikes.
7、8.Thehouse,whichdooroftenstaysopenuntillateatnight,worksasahomefortheguards,someofwhoarefromthecountryside.9.Iboughtanancientvase,forwhichthepricewasreasonable.10.ItisSaturdaythathewenttoBeijingforameeting.asaswhoseofwhen填空：1.Look at that lady _ name is Pochi.2.He is a teacher _ I like very much.3.T
8、hose pictures _ were drawn by Tom are nice.4.That was all the money _I had.whose(whom/that/who)which/that that关系代词关系代词 v.s.关系副词关系副词先行词为抽象地点先行词为抽象地点where引导的定语从句引导的定语从句只用只用that 或只用或只用which的情况的情况介词介词+关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词引导的定语从句whose引导的定语从句引导的定语从句as引导的定语从句引导的定语从句定语从句和其他句型定语从句和其他句型 1.Thisisthereason_heexplain
9、edatthemeeting.2.Thisisthereason_Iwanttoquitmyjob.关系代词关系代词 关系副词关系副词1.Wevisitedafactory_makestoysforchildren.2.Wevisitedafactory_toysaremadeforchildren.1.Illneverforgettheday_wefirstmet.2.Illneverforgettheday_Ispentwithyou.which/thatwherewhich/thatwhen1.Theway_heexplainedthesentencestouswaseasytounde
10、rstand.2.Theway_hetoldmeispractical.that/inwhichwhich/that 定语从句中，如果缺少定语从句中，如果缺少主语主语或或宾语宾语，则用关系代词，则用关系代词(that/which);如如 果不缺主语或宾语而缺果不缺主语或宾语而缺状语状语，则用关系副词，则用关系副词(when/where/why).whywhich/that先行词为抽象地点先行词为抽象地点 引导的定语从句引导的定语从句1.Heoftengothimselfintosuchasituation_everythingcouldhappen.2.Areyoufacingasituati
11、on_looksimpossibletofix?3.Ihavereachedapointinmylife_Iamsupposedtomakedecisionsofmyown.4.Readingisanactivity_peopleenjoyalotintheirfreetime.case，situation，point，scene，activity，stage，spot等抽象的地等抽象的地 点名词，在从句中作点名词，在从句中作状语状语时，用时，用where引导引导;作作主语主语或或宾语宾语时，用时，用that/which.wherewhich/thatwherewhere1.All _ is
12、needed is money and hands.2.The third place _ we are going to visit is Hangzhou.3.Hes the only boy in our city _ enters the Beijing University.4.She described in her compositions the people and places _ impressed her most.5.Who is the girl _ drove the car?只用that 只用which1.He came up with a suggestion
13、,_ proved to be more than practical.2.This is the great moment to _ I look forward.thatthatthatthatthatwhichwhich当先行词是指物的 不定代词或被不定代词所修饰时当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被其修饰时当先行词被 the very,the only,the next,the last等所修饰时当先行词为指人和指物的两个并列名词词组时当主句是以who或 which 开头的特殊疑问句时。当先行词是物，且关系词位于介词后时，只能用which引导非限定性定语从句时，只能用which介词 关系
14、代词1.Do you know the boy _ _ your mother is talking?2.He gave me some novels _ _ I am not very familiar.3.I still remember the day _ _ I first got to Paris.4.He has three brothers,_ _ Li Lei is the youngest one.根据介词和定语从句中动词的习惯搭配。根据介词和定语从句中形容词的习惯搭配。on which根据介词和先行词的习惯搭配。在非限制定语从句中表示”所有关系”或”整体中的一部分”，用of
15、 which/of whomto whomwith whichof whom=the+n.of which/whom1.The river _ banks are covered with trees flows to the sea.2.Her parents wouldnt let her marry anyone _ family was very poor.3.I made a table,_ surface is quite smooth.I made a table,_ is quite smooth.I made a table,_ is quite smooth.whosewh
16、osewhosethe surface of whichof which the surface whose引导定语从句时,通常可与of which/of whom引导的定语从句进行转换。whose 是定语从句中一个常用的关系代词，在从句中作定语，也就是说当先行词与从句中某个名词有所属关系，表示“的”，它既可以指代人，也可以指代物，既可引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。的用法As引导的限制性定语从句1.This is such an interesting book _ we all like.2.This is so interesting a book _ we all li
17、ke.3.He is as clever a boy _ you can imagine.as引导限制性定语从句先行词前常被such,the same,so,as 修饰，即构成suchas,the same as,soas,结构，做题时容易忽略。as在定语从句中应充当成分如：主语、宾语或表语。asasas1._ is announced in todays newspaper,we must improve our style of work.2.He married her,_ we had expected.3.Things will turn out contrary to ones w
18、ishes,_ is often the case.As引导的限制性定语从句as引导的从句，指代整个主句，可位于主句之前之中或之后。as 引导从句时，有“正如”之意。常用as引导的结构：Asasasas 引导的非限制性定语从句，常可看作固定结构：as we all know 众所周知as we expected 正如我们预料的那样as is known to all 众所周知 as is often the case 情况常常如此as is said above 如上所述as is reported 正如报道的那样as you see 如你所见 as has been said before
19、如前所述as has been pointed outas you see 如你所见常用常用as引导的非限制性定语从句引导的非限制性定语从句 which 引导的定语从句对主句所叙述的事情进行补充说明，表明事物的状态或结果。which 此时指前面主句所提到的这件事，常译为“这一点，这件事”等。这时它引导的从句与主句之间常含有并列、因果关系。它引导的从句的位置不像 as 引导的从句那样灵活，只能位于主句的后面。He changed his mind again，which（=and that）made us all angry.他又改变了主意，这使我们大家都生气了。（2）as 与与 which 引
20、导的非限制性定语从句的区别引导的非限制性定语从句的区别关系代词as 与which 引导的非限制性定语从句，其先行词都可以是整个主句，as/which 指代整个主句的意思。但as 和which 具有不同的词义、句法和用法。as 引导的定语从句表示说话人的看法、态度、解释或评论。as仍具有“正如，像，由可知”等意思，翻译时有时可不必译出。as 引导的此类从句可置于句首、句中或句尾。As Napoleon once said，attack is the best method of defence.拿破仑曾经说过，进攻是最好的防御。which 引导的定语从句对主句所叙述的事情进行补充说明，表明事物的
21、状态或结果。which 此时指前面主句所提到的这件事，常译为“这一点，这件事”等。这时它引导的从句与主句之间常含有并列、因果关系。它引导的从句的位置不像 as 引导的从句那样灵活，只能位于主句的后面。He changed his mind again，which（=and that）made us all angry.他又改变了主意，这使我们大家都生气了。As we all know，smoking is harmful to ones health.众所周知，吸烟有害健康。众所周知，吸烟有害健康。He kept silent all night,which was surprising.他整
22、晚都保持沉默，这一点很令人吃惊。他整晚都保持沉默，这一点很令人吃惊。I bought the same dictionary as you have yesterday.昨天我买了一本和你的一样的词典。昨天我买了一本和你的一样的词典。定语从句定语从句 其他句型其他句型 Itwasinthishouse_hewasborn.Itwasthehouse_hewasborn.定语从句和强调句定语从句和强调句定语从句和同位语从句定语从句和同位语从句Weallhaveheardthenews_ourteamwon.Wedontbelievethenews_hetoldusyesterday.thatwh
23、erethatthat/whichHeissuchakindperson_everybodylikes.Heissuchakindperson_everybodylikeshim.定语从句和状语从句定语从句和状语从句Mr.Lihasthreedaughters,noneof_isanengineerMr.Lihasthreedaughters,butnoneof_isadancer定语从句和并列句定语从句和并列句asthatwhomthem一、非限制性定语从句的含义一、非限制性定语从句的含义:Part 3:非限制性定语从句的非限制性定语从句的用法用法非限制性定语从句是与主句的关系不十分密切，只
24、对主句中的先行词作补充说明的作用的定语从句，常常单独翻译，没有它，主句意思仍然完整。其标志是主句和从句之间用逗号隔开。I heard a terrible noise,which made me annoyed.一、非限制性定语从句的含义一、非限制性定语从句的含义:非限制性定语从句的非限制性定语从句的用法用法非限制性定语从句是与主句的关系不十分密切，只对主句中的先行词作补充说明的作用的定语从句，常常单独翻译，没有它，主句意思仍然完整。其标志是主句和从句之间用逗号隔开。I heard a terrible noise,which made me annoyed.二二、非限制性定语从句的注意事项、
25、非限制性定语从句的注意事项:(1)关系代词that不能引导非限制性定语从句在非限制性定语从句中，用which指代物Football,which is a very interesting game,is played all over the world.(2)非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是整个句子，此时，定语从句常用which引导He came late again,which made his teacher very angry.二二、非限制性定语从句的注意事项、非限制性定语从句的注意事项:(3)非限制性定语从句表原因时，不用why引导，而用for which代替whyI had tol
26、d them the reason,for which I didnt attend the meeting.The very film 1 is called Titanic is such a beautiful and sad love story 2 is popular with the public,3 hero and heroine are Jack and Lucy.Lucy is a young beautiful woman with 4 her mother went to America.Jack,5 won a ship ticket by playing card
27、s,is a poor painter.They met and felt in love with each other on Titanic 6 they had a happy time.Sadly,the nice journey was destroyed by an unexpected storm,7 Jack lost his life for saving Lucy(everyone will be moved by that aswhosewhomwhowherewhen当堂检测 the selfless way in 8 most people cant behave i
28、n real life).Before Jack left Lucy forever,he encouraged Lucy to live well for him.9 is known to all,love is the strongest strength.And thats the reason 10 Lucy could live alone and told us the moving story.whichAswhy1One of the reasons _ he was refused in the interview was that his spoken English w
29、as terrible.2Ill never forget the day _ I joined the robot club.3They have two children,both of _ work in large companies.whywhenwhom11.This is the place _ I stayed for two days.12.The moment _ she won the gold medal was shown on TV.13.The factory _ he worked has been pulled down.14.The factory _ we
30、 are going to visit produces watches.15.The reason _ he explained to his father was a false one.16.The reason _ he was late is _ he had been caught in the traffic.wherewhenwhere(which/that)(which/that)whythat（1）Maria has written two novels，both of have been made into television series.（2）The air qua
31、lity in the city，is shown in the report，has declined over the past two months.（3）A lot of language learning，has been discovered，is happening in the first year of life，so parents should talk much to their children during that period.（4）In our class there are 46 students，whom half wear glasses.（5）It i
32、s the third time that she has won the race，has surprised us all.whichasasofwhich（6）That evening，I ended up working very late，I will tell you more about later.（7）I wish to thank Professor Smith，without help I would never have got this far.（8）The prize will go to the writer story shows the most vivid
33、imagination.（9）Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T-shirt，is a stupid thing to do in such weather.（10）Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others，of course,made all the others upset.whichwhosewhosewhichwhich根据下列内容,运用定语从句写一篇五句话的文章介绍中国.1.众所周知,中国有960万平方公里的土地,是世界第三大国.2.中
34、国有56个民族,其中汉族人(the Han Ethnic)占94%3.中国有许多大河流,其中长江,黄河是最重要的河流.4.曾有一段时间,中国的经济落后于世界许多国家.5.随着经济的增长,中国人被歧视的日子一去不复返,所有中 国人都为此感到自豪.写作训练 1.众所周知,中国有960万平方公里的土地,是世界第三大国.2.中国有56个民族,其中汉族人(the Han Ethnic)占94%_,China with an area of 9.6 million square kilometers,_.As is known to allis the third largest country in t
35、he world The Chinese nation _ 56 nationalities,_ which the Han Ethnic Group is the largest,_ 94%of the whole.consists ofamongmaking up 3.中国有许多大河流,其中长江,黄河是最重要的河流.4.曾有一段时间,中国的经济落后于世界许多国家.There are many big rivers in China,_ _ are the Yangtze River and the Yellow River.the most important of which _ Chi
36、nese economy was far behind many other countries in the world.There was a time when 5.随着经济的增长,中国人被歧视的日子一去不复返,所有 中国人都为此感到自豪.With the development of the economy,the days are gone forever _ _,which all Chinese are proud of.when the Chinese people were looked down upon As is known to all,China with an a
37、rea of 9.6 million square kilometers,is the third largest country in the world.The Chinese nation consists of 56 nationalities,among which the Han Ethnic Group is the largest,making up 94%of the whole.Besides,there are many big rivers in China,the most important of which are the Yangtze River and the Yellow River.There was a time when Chinese economy was far behind many other countries in the world.However,with the development of the economy,the days are gone forever when the Chinese people were looked down upon,which all Chinese are proud of.