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1、Unit5Grammar复习定语从句复习定语从句1 定语从句以及相关术语定语从句以及相关术语（1）定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般跟在它所修饰的名词之后。（2）先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。（3）关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that，which，who，whom，whose，as 等；关系副词有when，where，why 等。（4）关系词在定语从句中有三大作用：1）连接作用：连接主句与从句。2）成分作用：在定语从句中充当一个成分。3）替代作用：替代某一名词代词或某一句话。2 关系代词的基本用法关系代词的基本
2、用法 主语 宾语 定语 指人 who/that whom/who/that whose 指物 which/that which/that whoseThe boys who are playing football are from Class One.正在踢足球的男孩们是一班的。The man（whom/who/that）you met just now is my old friend.你刚才遇见的那个人是我的老朋友。The number of people that/who come to visit the city each year reaches one million.每年来游
3、览这座城市的人数达到一百万。I once lived in the house whose windows were much larger than usual.我曾经住在那个窗户比一般窗户大很多的房子里。（1）as 引导的定语从句引导的定语从句 as 引导限制性定语从句 as 既可指人也可指物。在定语从句中可作主语或宾语。它常用在such.as.,the same.as.等结构中，as 不能省略。Such reasons as we give can persuade him to give up this foolish plan.我们给出的这些理由可以说服他放弃这个愚蠢的计划。Ill
4、buy the same dictionary as you have.我要买和你的一样的词典。as 引导非限制性定语从句as引导非限制性定语从句，代替整个主句内容。从句可放在主句前、主句后或主句中间。as 引导非限制性定语从句常用的固定表达：as we all know众所周知 as is well known众所周知as you see 如你所见 as can be seen 正如所见 as we expect 正如我们预料的那样 as is/was expected 正如预料的那样as often happens 正如经常发生的 as I can remember 正如我所记得的as h
5、as been said before 如前所述 as is often the case 情况常常是这样As is often the case，girls like dolls while boys like guns.女孩喜欢玩具娃娃而男孩喜欢枪，这是常见的情况。（2）as 与与 which 引导的非限制性定语从句的区别引导的非限制性定语从句的区别关系代词as 与which 引导的非限制性定语从句，其先行词都可以是整个主句，as/which 指代整个主句的意思。但as 和which 具有不同的词义、句法和用法。as 引导的定语从句表示说话人的看法、态度、解释或评论。as仍具有“正如，像，
6、由可知”等意思，翻译时有时可不必译出。as 引导的此类从句可置于句首、句中或句尾。As Napoleon once said，attack is the best method of defence.拿破仑曾经说过，进攻是最好的防御。which 引导的定语从句对主句所叙述的事情进行补充说明，表明事物的状态或结果。which 此时指前面主句所提到的这件事，常译为“这一点，这件事”等。这时它引导的从句与主句之间常含有并列、因果关系。它引导的从句的位置不像 as 引导的从句那样灵活，只能位于主句的后面。He changed his mind again，which（=and that）made us
7、 all angry.他又改变了主意，这使我们大家都生气了。3 关系副词的基本用法关系副词的基本用法 状语：where when why 地点状语 时间状语 原因状语（1）when 引导的定语从句修饰的先行词是表示时间的词，如 time，moment，month，day，year 等，when 在定语从句中作时间状语。We dont know the exact time when he will return.（He will return at the time.at the time 作时间状语）我们不知道他回来的确切时间。（2）where 引导的定语从句修饰的先行词是表示地点的词，如s
8、chool，house，place，village 等，where 在定语从句中作地点状语。She worked in Japan for a few years where she taught English.（She taught English in Japan.in Japan 作地点状语）她在日本工作了几年，在那里她教英语。【归纳拓展归纳拓展】（1）当先行词是表示地点的名词，如 place，room，airport 等，同时关系词在从句中作地点状语时，定语从句需用关系副词where 引导。（2）如果先行词是表示抽象意义的地点名词，如 case，situation，condition
9、，job，career，point 等，其后的关系副词也用where。The boss of the corporation is trying to create an easy atmosphere where his employees enjoy their work.公司老板正尽力创造一种轻松的气氛，在这种气氛中，员工喜欢他们的工作。（3）why 修饰表示原因的词，在定语从句中作原因状语。Tell me the reason why you were absent yesterday.告诉我你昨天缺席的原因。4“介词介词+关系代词关系代词”引导的定语从句引导的定语从句要掌握“介词+关
10、系代词”引导的定语从句，我们要注意以下两点：（1）关系代词的选用在介词后作宾语的关系代词一般只有which，whom 和whose。如先行词是物，引导词用which；如先行词是人，引导词用whom；whose 适用于两者，但要注意whose 后面有它所修饰的名词或代词，因为whose 在定语从句中起到形容词的作用。The boss in whose company I worked for 10 years has retired.我供职十年的那家公司的老板退休了。（2）介词的选用 根据从句中谓语动词的搭配习惯。This is the book on which I spent 10 yuan
11、.（spend与 on 搭配）This is the book for which I paid 10 yuan.（pay 与 for 搭配）这就是我花10 元买的那本书。根据先行词的搭配习惯。I still remember the day on which I first came to this school.我仍然记得我第一次来这所学校的那天。（on 与the day 搭配）表“所有”关系或“整体中的一部分”时用of，有时可用whose转换。The old woman has two sons，both of whom are doctors.那位老妇人有两个儿子，都是医生。That
12、table has four legs，all of which are very short.那张桌子有四条腿，都很短。根据定语从句所表达的意义。Air，without which man cant live，is really important.空气太重要了，没有它人类就不能生存。单句语法填空单句语法填空（1）Maria has written two novels，both of have been made into television series.（2）The air quality in the city，is shown in the report，has declined
13、 over the past two months.（3）A lot of language learning，has been discovered，is happening in the first year of life，so parents should talk much to their children during that period.（4）In our class there are 46 students，whom half wear glasses.（5）It is the third time that she has won the race，has surpr
14、ised us all.whichasasofwhich（6）That evening，I ended up working very late，I will tell you more about later.（7）I wish to thank Professor Smith，without help I would never have got this far.（8）The prize will go to the writer story shows the most vivid imagination.（9）Ted came for the weekend wearing only
15、 some shorts and a T-shirt，is a stupid thing to do in such weather.（10）Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others，of course，made all the others upset.whichwhosewhosewhichwhich（11）She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students allows them to communicate freely with each other
16、.（12）I was given three books on cooking，the first of I really enjoyed.（13）is reported in the newspapers，talks between the two countries are making progress.（14）There was a time I became dizzy at the thought of study.（15）Between the two parts of the concert is a break，the audience can purchase ice-cr
17、eam.that/whichwhichAs whenwhen把下列句子用定语从句改写成一个句子把下列句子用定语从句改写成一个句子（16）The house has been pulled down.He lived in the house 10 years ago._（17）The school lies in the east of the town.He once studied at the school._（18）Do you remember the days?We played together during the days._（19）Students should invol
18、ve themselves in community activities.They can gain experience for growth in the activities._ _The house where he lived 10 years ago has been pulled down.The school where he once studied lies in the east of the town.Do you remember the days when we played together?Students should involve themselves
19、in community activities where they can gain experience for growth.（20）The time was the happiest for me.At that time I taught at a village school._（21）When I arrived，Bryan took me to see the house.I would be staying in the house._（22）The girl arranged to have piano lessons at the training centre with
20、 her sister.She would stay in the center for an hour._ _（23）He used to have a walk in the garden in the morning.He always felt refreshed there._The time when I taught at a village school was the happiest for me.When I arrived，Bryan took me to see the house where I would be staying.The girl arranged
21、to have piano lessons at the training centre with her sister where she would stay for an hour.He used to have a walk in the garden in the morning where he always felt refreshed.翻译句子翻译句子（24）众所周知，莎士比亚是一位著名的作家。_ _（25）据报道，现在灾区有很多新房子正在被建造。_As everybody knows，Shakespeare is a famous writer./Shakespeare，as everybody knows,is a famous writer.As is reported，many new houses are being built at present in the disaster area.