名词讲解-ppt课件.ppt

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1、名词名词普通名词普通名词专有名词专有名词可数名词可数名词不可数名词不可数名词个体名词个体名词集体名词集体名词物质名词物质名词抽象名词抽象名词(1)Robert Tomas Brown cant be(2)called_.(3)A.Robert B.Robert Brown(4)C.Mr Brown D.Mr Tomas(5)(2)-Good morning,class.(6)-Good morning,_.A.Teacher Li B.Li TeacherB.C.Miss Li D.both A and C DC(3)_ is the second day of a week.A.Monday

2、 B.Tuesday B.C.Sunday D.mondayA名词的数名词的数（一）单数可数名词（一）单数可数名词可数名词可数名词不可数名词不可数名词一、可数名词一、可数名词一支铅笔一支铅笔一把小刀一把小刀一个桔子一个桔子一个蛋一个蛋一本书一本书一本有趣的书一本有趣的书一所大学一所大学 a pencil a knife an orange an egg a book an interesting book a university （二）复数可数名词（二）复数可数名词(1)Gulin is one of the most beautiful_(城市城市)in our city.(2)I lik

3、e _(熊猫熊猫)best of all the _(动物动物)(3)The _(婴儿婴儿)were sleeping.(4)Between _(课课),they have(5)a ten minutes rest.(6)(5)A lot of_(工厂工厂)were built in my hometown.(7)citiespandasanimalsbabiesclassesfactories1.规则名词的复数形式的构成法规则名词的复数形式的构成法(6)The _(花花)on the right arent as beautiful as the ones on the left.(7)I

4、need two _(小刀小刀).(8)Please give three_(番茄番茄).flowersknivestomatoes构成规则构成规则单数单数复数复数一般情况下在名词一般情况下在名词后加后加-s-sdesk desks以以s,x,sh s,x,sh 或或chch结尾的在其后加结尾的在其后加-es-es class boxclasses boxes以以f f或或fefe结尾的，把结尾的，把f f 或或fefe变为变为vesvesleafleaves以以o o结尾的结尾的 无生命的加无生命的加-s-s有生命的加有生命的加-es-esradiopotatoradiospotatoes以

5、以y y结尾的结尾的 1.1.元音字母加元音字母加-y-y，直直 接加接加-s -s 2.2.辅音字母辅音字母加加-y,变变为为i i加加-es-es day baby daysbabies cup-boy-bus-hero-family-bamboo-half-day-box-zoo-dish-horse-handkerchief-roof-radio-watch-page-thief-cupsboysbusesheroesfamiliesbambooshalvesdaysboxeszoosdisheshorseshandkerchiefshandkerchievesroofsradiosw

6、atchespagesthieves(1)My mother cut the big apple(2)into _.A.half B.halfs C.haves D.halvesB.(2)_ turn green in spring.C.A.Leaf B.Leafs C.leave D.LeavesD.(3)There are two _ in our class.E.A.Mary B.Maries C.Marys D.MarysF.(4)The _ of the house were G.covered with yellow_.H.roofs;leaves B.rooves;leafsI.

7、C.roofs;leafs D.rooves;leavesDDCA(5)Look at the_.You can see_ _ and_.A.photoes;potatoes;tomatoes;radioesB.photoes;potatoes;tomatoes;radiosC.photos;potatoes;tomatoes;radiosD.photos;potatos;tomatos;radios(04 长沙长沙)C2.2.不规则名词的复数形式的构成法不规则名词的复数形式的构成法1.1.改变单词内部的元音字母改变单词内部的元音字母 foot-tooth-woman-mouse-man-go

8、ose-feetteethmenwomenmice3.3.单复数形式相同单复数形式相同 2.2.词尾发生变化词尾发生变化 child-ox-childrenoxengeeseChinese Japanesedeer fish sheep works meansyuan jin mu li(1)There are a lot of _ down there but hardly any_.A.cow and sheep;peoplesB.cows and sheeps;peopleC.cow and sheeps;peopleD.cows and sheep;peopleD(2)They are

9、 all _.A.America B.FenchmanB.C.Canada D.JapaneseC.(3)There are six_ and five _ inD.this workshop.E.mans;womans B.men;womenF.C.men;womans D.mans;womenDB(4)Have you seen _ at the foot of the hill?A.any sheep B.some sheepsC.any sheeps D.some sheep(5)There are a lot of _ in the supermarket.A.mouse B.mou

10、sesC.mous D.miceAD(6)There are two new _ in that hospital.They are_.A.doctors;GermanB.doctors;GermenC.doctors;GermansD.doctor;GermansE.(7)Only about three hundred_F.is spent on her clothes.G.dollar B.francH.C.yuan D.poundCC(8)-Are you _?-No,we are _.A.English;ChinesesB.Americans;EnglishmenC.American

11、s;EnglishmanD.American;EnglishmanE.(9)To Americans the goal of F.parents is to help _ (child)G.stand on their own _ (foot)Bchildrenfeet3.3.常用复数形的词常用复数形的词 trousers shoes stockings glasses goods chopsticks games sands times congratulations thanks clothes(1)_ for your help.A.Thank B.Thanks B.C.A thank

12、D.An thank B(2)Why dont you buy_?A.a jean B.jeanesB.C.a jeans D.a pair of jeansC.(3)All of the_ are too short forD.him to wear.E.clothe B.clothF.C.clothes D.clothsDC(4)These _ are too big,give me a smaller one.A.trouser B.trousers C.trouseres D.trouserses(5)This pair of shoes _much.A.cost B.costs C.

13、costes D.costedBB(6)I have to speak to my grandpa loudly because theres something wrong with his _.A.eyes B.legs C.mouths D.ears (04 南宁南宁)D4.集体名词的特点集体名词的特点His family is going to move into a new house.His family are worried about him.(1)My family _ a large one.My family _ all workersisare（2）This clas

14、s _(be)studying now.Mr.Smith teaches_.(it them)This class _ of 40students.(consist)arethemconsistsa new house.His family worried about him.（3）The Chinese are a hard-working _.There are different _ in China.(people)peoplepeoples（4）There are more than 50 _ in China but there are only three_ in my fami

15、ly.A.people;people B.B.peoples;peoplesC.C.people;peoplesD.D.peoples;peopleD(5)I saw two _ and both of them were_.A.police;Japanese B.Police;Japaneses C.policemen;JapaneseD.policemen;JapanesesC5.5.有些学科名词虽以有些学科名词虽以s s结尾，但通结尾，但通常都作单数名词看待。常都作单数名词看待。physics maths politics （1）Physics _ one of the subjects

16、 I find different.is（2）Maths _ a little difficult for me to study.A.are B.is C.was D.wereB 6.6.复合名词的几种复数形式复合名词的几种复数形式 1 1复数通常体现在里面的主体名复数通常体现在里面的主体名 词上词上 son-in-law-passer-by-sons-in-lawpassers-by22如无主体名词，复数则体现在最后如无主体名词，复数则体现在最后一个词上一个词上 grown-up(s)good-for-nothing(s)3 3 有有man,womanman,woman和另外一个名词构成复

17、和另外一个名词构成复合词，复数则体现在所包含的各个成分合词，复数则体现在所包含的各个成分上上 man-servant-woman teacher-men-servants women teachers(1)There are many_ in big _A.ladys driver;citysB.lady drivers;citiesC.ladies drivers;citiesD.ladies driver;cities B(2)My brother has two _.A.tooth-brush B.tooth-brushesB.C.teeth-brushes D.teeth-brushC

18、.(3)All the _ teachers and _D.students are having a meetingE.there.F.A.women;boys B.women;boyG.C.woman;boys D.woman;boyBB7.字母、数字、单词、引语或缩略字母、数字、单词、引语或缩略词语的复数形式要在其后加词语的复数形式要在其后加-s-s或或-s.-s.There are two fs in off.many VIPs8.8.注意的几个问题注意的几个问题1 1 单数与复数意义不同的词单数与复数意义不同的词glass-glasses cloth-clothesgood-good

19、s wood-woodsletter-lettersmanner-manners (1)We were lost in _.A.Wood B.the woods B.C.the wood D.woodesC.(2)Tables are made of _.D.A.wood B.woodsE.C.wooden D.some woodsBA(3)The girl always wears beautiful _.A.clothes B.cloth C.clothings D.dressA(4)Mother made a new skirt with two yards of_.A.clothes

20、B.clothB.C.dress D.clothsB(5)It is bad _ to speak with your mouth full of_.A.manner;food B.manners;foodsC.manner;foods D.manners;foodD 2 dozen/score/hundred/thousand表确定数目时不加表确定数目时不加-s,-s,表不表不确定数目时确定数目时,则加则加-s.three hundred trees hundreds of trees1.Two _ died of cold last year.A.hundreds old people B

21、.hundred old peopleC.hundreds old peoplesD.hundred old peoplesB3 3 短语中的名词通常用作复数短语中的名词通常用作复数做功课做功课给给上课上课上课上课与某人交朋友与某人交朋友与某人握手与某人握手换句话说换句话说轮流轮流换座位换座位do ones lessonsgive lessons tohave lessonsmake friends withshake hands within other wordstake turnschange seats(1)Will you allow me _?A.to shake hand wit

22、h youB.to shake hands with youC.to shake a handD.shaking hands with youE.(2)I want to make friend with you.B 二二 、不可数名词、不可数名词(一一)不可数名词可以用容器表示不可数名词可以用容器表示 一杯茶一杯茶三瓶牛奶三瓶牛奶两张纸两张纸一条新闻一条新闻五袋大米五袋大米十杯水十杯水两磅奶酪两磅奶酪 a cup of tea three bottles of milk two pieces of paper a piece of news five bags of rice ten gla

23、sses of water two pounds of cheese(1)Mr.Smith always has _ to(2)tell us.A.some good pieces of newsB.some pieces of good newsC.some good piece of newsD.some piece of good newsE.(2)Lucy put a lot of_ in _ of tea.F.A.sugar;the two cupG.B.sugars;the two cupsH.C.sugar;the two cupsI.D.sugars;two cupsBC(3)

24、-What can I do for you?-Id like two _.A.box of apple B.boxes of apples C.box of apples D.boxes of apple(4)He had something to write down and ask me for_.A.a paper B.some papersB.C.some pieces of papersC.D.a piece of paperBD可数名词可数名词不可数名词不可数名词前面可以用不前面可以用不定冠词定冠词a/ana/an修修饰饰.如如:a watch:a watch an apple

25、an apple前面不可以用不定前面不可以用不定冠词冠词a/ana/an修饰修饰前面可以直接前面可以直接用具体的数词用具体的数词表示数量表示数量.如：如：two boystwo boysfive teachersfive teachers前面不能直接加数前面不能直接加数词词,但可以用但可以用some,some,a little,much,a a little,much,a lot of lot of 及及“数词数词+名词名词+of”+of”结构结构.前面可用前面可用some some,a few,a few,many,a lot many,a lot ofof及及“数词数词+名名词词+of”+

26、of”结构结构做主语时做主语时,谓语动谓语动词须用单数词须用单数;但若但若此类名词前有复数此类名词前有复数名词短语修饰时名词短语修饰时,谓语动词须用复数谓语动词须用复数形式形式.There are two There are two glasses of glasses of orange.orange.用用how manyhow many询询问数量问数量用用how muchhow much询问数询问数量量(1)It is a good _ to go to the cinema.A.advice B.ideaB.C.information D.newsC.(2)Im hungry.Pleas

27、e give me _.D.a bread B.some breadsE.C.a piece of breadF.D.two pieces of bread BC(3)There are few_ in the fridge.Lets go and buy some peas and carrots.A.vegetables B.fruit C.meat D.eggsA(4)We havent enough food for supper.Ill go and buy _.A.any B.some C.much D.manyB(5)I heard _ in the middle of the

28、night.Did you hear it?A.a strange noiseB.B.an strange noiseC.C.strange noisesD.D.strange noise E.(6)There is only a little _ in theF.fridge.G.chicken B.a eggH.C.chickens D.eggsDA(7)Canadian speak _ and _.A.English,French B.Indian,Russian C.Italian,German D.Chinese,JapaneseA(8)I have _ to do,but he i

29、s looking for _ now.A.several job,a work B.many works,work C.much work,job D.a lot of work,a jobD(9)He saved money to buy_.A.a papers B.a news C.a newspaper D.a piece news(10)I just cant see_ in playing the game.A.a lot of funs B.any fun C.a fun D.many funsCBinterest chicken glass light可数可数 爱好爱好小鸡小鸡

30、玻璃玻璃杯杯电灯电灯不可不可数数兴趣兴趣鸡肉鸡肉玻璃玻璃光光roompaperfishlife可数可数 房间房间报纸报纸试卷试卷鱼鱼性命性命不可不可数数空间空间纸纸鱼肉鱼肉生命生命(1)Thirty _ were lost in the accident.A.life B.lifes C.lives D.liveB.(2)It is the most wonderful timeC.in my _.D.life B.lifes C.lives D.liveCA(3)Will you please put _ in the hamburger?A.a fish B.some fishB.C.so

31、me fishes D.an fishC.(4)There is no _ in the bus soD.we have to wait for another bus.E.A.rooms B.a room C.room D.seatsBC(5)He is a success as a leader but he hasnt _ in planting trees.A.many experiencesB.much experienceC.an experienceD.a lot of experienceB名词的所有格名词的所有格改错：改错：1.1.Its only ten minute wa

32、lk.Its only ten minute walk.2.2.The room is Kates and Lucys.The room is Kates and Lucys.3.3.Tomorrow is Teachers Day.Tomorrow is Teachers Day.4.4.The rooms door is broken.The rooms door is broken.5.5.I metI met thethe friend of my friend of my 6.6.fathers at the station.fathers at the station.(一一)s)

33、s所有格所有格1.一般名词词尾加一般名词词尾加“s”来表示。来表示。2.汤姆的书包汤姆的书包 3.我的老师的书我的老师的书4.李明的姐姐李明的姐姐 Toms bag my teachers book Li Mings sister(1)You must get me a _ hearts.A.monkeys B.monkeysB.C.monkies D.monkiesB(2)_ population is increasing.A.The worlds B.The worldB.C.The worlds D.The worldsC.(3)My aunt is _.D.my fathers br

34、otherE.my fathers sisterF.my sisters fatherG.my brothers fatherAB2.2.在以在以s s结尾的复数名词后加结尾的复数名词后加“”“”。教师节教师节男孩们的球男孩们的球我父母的车我父母的车 Teachers Day(1)This is _ bedroom.A.the twin B.the twinsB.C.the twin D.the twinsC.(2)Today is September 10th.It is D._ Day.(04 常德市常德市)E.Teachers B.TeachersF.C.The teachers C.T

35、eachersBB the boys ball my parents car(3)I ll give you _ to finish it A.two weekss time B.two week time C.two weeks time D.two weeks timeC(4)They are the _.A.students book B.students books C.students book D.students booksB3.3.不以不以s s结尾的复数名词后加结尾的复数名词后加“s”.“s”.孩子们的苹果孩子们的苹果妇女节妇女节男鞋男鞋 the childrens appl

36、es mens shoes Womens Day(1)The PLA saved two _ lives in the accident.A.child B.children C.childrens D.childsC(2)The shop sells _ clothes.A.womens B.womensB.C.women of D.of womenC.(3)She has written many _ sinceD.she become a writer.E.A.childrens storiesF.B.childrens storiesG.C.stories for childrenH.

37、D.stories of childrenAC 4.4.有些指时间、距离、国家、团体等有些指时间、距离、国家、团体等 无生命的东西的名词，也可加无生命的东西的名词，也可加ss构构 成所有格成所有格 todays lesson 今天的报纸今天的报纸中国的首都中国的首都五分钟的路程五分钟的路程Chinas capital five minutes walk(1)Lets have a _ rest.A.ten minutes B.ten-minutesC.ten minutes D.ten-minutesA(2)The bookstore isnt far from here.Its only _

38、 bicycle ride.A.half an hours B.half an hours C.half an hour D.an hour and a halfA 5.5.表示两者共同拥有的人或物时表示两者共同拥有的人或物时,只需只需 在并列名词的后一个加上在并列名词的后一个加上s.s.如表示两如表示两者各自的所属关系者各自的所属关系,则应在每个名词后都则应在每个名词后都加上加上s.s.Jim and Johns room.Jims and Johns rooms.(1)_ mothers couldnt go to the(2)meeting,because they have gone(

39、3)to chengdu.(4)A.LiLei and Lucys(5)B.LiLeis and Lucys (6)C.LiLei and Lucy(7)D.LiLeis and LucyB(2)Milk and Johns _ A.father are teachers B.fathers are teachers C.father is a teacher D.father are teacher(3)The man with thick glasses is _ father.A.Lucy and Lily B.Lucy and Lilys C.Lucys and Lilys D.Luc

40、ys and LilyCB(4)_ desk is the cleanest in the classroom.A.Anns and Tom B.Ann and Toms C.Ann and Tom D.Anns and TomsB 5.有些名词所有格后表示诊所有些名词所有格后表示诊所 （clinic）、家（）、家（home）、店）、店 铺（铺（shop）等的名词可以省去。）等的名词可以省去。at the doctors to my sisters at the barbers(1)I went to my _ last Sunday and had a good time A.sisters

41、 B.sister C.sisters D.sistersC(2)-Wheres your father?-At _.(02 重庆市重庆市)A.Mr Greens B.Mr GreenB.C.the Mr GreensC.(3)I went to _ because I wasD.ill last night.E.the doctors B.the doctorsF.C.doctors D.doctor AB(4)The Wilsons are going to move to London.The Wilsons are going to move to London.6.6.复合名词或名词

42、短语的所有格复合名词或名词短语的所有格 是在最后一词的词尾加是在最后一词的词尾加ss。Then it will be someone elses turn.They put small presents in each others stocking.(1)LiLeis handwriting is better(2)than_ in his class.(3)A.anyone elses B.anyones elses(4)C.anyones D.anyone elseAa map of China（二）（二）of 所有格所有格 常用来表示无生命的东西常用来表示无生命的东西中国地图中国地图桌

43、子的腿桌子的腿家庭照片家庭照片 the legs of a table the picture of family(1)I met _ yesterday.(2)A.an old friend of me(3)B.an old friend of mine(4)C.an old friend of my(5)D.my an old friendB(2)_ is very nice.I like it very much.This new bike of youB.Your this new bikeC.This of your new bikeD.This new bike of yours

44、bike of yoursD(3)Miss Smith is a friend of _.A.Marys mothers B.Marys mother C.Mothers of Mary D.Mary mothersA(4)A friend of _ took some pictures of _ on the Great Wall.A.me;me B.mine;mine C.me;mine D.mine;me(5)_ is too much for the boy to carry.A.The box weightB.The box of weightC.The weight of the

45、boxD.The boxs weight DC(1)(1)Here are some books of my sons.表示其中一部分表示其中一部分(2)(2)被修饰的名词前有指示代词被修饰的名词前有指示代词this,this,that,these,those that,these,those时时,表示对该表示对该 名词的限定或表示赞扬、厌恶等感名词的限定或表示赞扬、厌恶等感 情色彩。情色彩。Where did you buy this pen Where did you buy this pen ofof yoursyours？That little daughter That little

46、 daughter of yoursof yours is very clever.is very clever.This old watch This old watch of my brothersof my brothers does not work.does not work.限定限定赞扬赞扬厌烦厌烦(3)Of(3)Of 前的名词前不能用定冠词前的名词前不能用定冠词thethe 修饰修饰,of,of后的名词必须是明确指人后的名词必须是明确指人 的词的词,不能是指物的词不能是指物的词.This is a book of Toms.This is the book of Toms.(4)(4)有时双重所有格的意义与一般所有有时双重所有格的意义与一般所有 格的意义差别很大格的意义差别很大.This is a photo of my fathers.This is a photo of my father.