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1、Nous名词名词What is “noun”?Can you give me some examples?名词即表示人或事物名称或概念的一名词即表示人或事物名称或概念的一类词。类词。Jim吉姆China中国Mr.Smith史密斯先生July七月Friday星期五Christmas圣诞节ATaleofTwoCities双城记English英语Observecarefully专有名词专有名词:指表示人、地方、机构、组织等的专有名称。具体说来,它包括人名、国家、地名、月份、星期、节日、书名、电影名以及某些抽象名词等。专有名词的首字母通常要大写专有名词的首字母通常要大写辨认下列哪些是名词,哪些不是名词
2、:computer,takecoffee,water,gonotebook.bring,table,sportinteresting,Mondayagenewactorsell可数名词的复数变化可数名词的复数变化:1.可数名词复数的规则变化:(1)一般情况加词尾-s。book-desk-(2)以s,x,sh,ch等结尾的名词,通常加词尾-es:stomach-bus-box-dish-match-booksdesksstomachsbusesboxesdishesmatchesPractice:Therearemany(bus)and(car)onthestreet.Ihavetwo(watc
3、h),soIgivea.(watch)tomysister.YesterdayIwenttothesupermarketandboughtsome.(dish)carsbuseswatcheswatchdishes3)以y结尾的名词,其复数构成要分两种情况:以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词,将y改为ies;如:city-cities,baby-babies,country,family。以“元音字母+y”结尾的名词,直接加词尾-s:如:toy/toys,holiday/holidays,day,boy.(4)以f或fe结尾的名词,多数变f或fe为v加es:如:Wife妻子,knife 刀子,wol
4、f狼 Thief小偷,shelf架子,self自己Life 生命 half一半,leaf树叶。(4)以f或fe结尾的名词,f,fe变成v+es的情况。妻子持刀去宰狼,小偷吓得发了慌。躲在架后保己命,半片树叶遮目光。Wife妻子,knife 刀子,wolf狼 Thief小偷,shelf架子,self自己Life 生命 half一半,leaf树叶。(4)以f或fe结尾的名词,只加S的情况。gulf,roof,chief,serf,belief,proof,handkerchief,海湾边,屋顶上,首领奴仆两相望;海湾边,屋顶上,首领奴仆两相望;谁说他们无信仰,证据写在手帕上。谁说他们无信仰,证据写
5、在手帕上。(5)以“o”结尾的名词,加es的情况黑人英雄爱吃西红柿和土豆;Negro negroes,hero-heroesTomato-tomatoes,potato-potatoes其他情况直接加-s.radio-radios.piano-pianos,kangaroo-kangaroos.Weneedmore(potato),canyougoandtakesome?(Knife)areusedforcuttingthings.Pleaseremembertogivethehorsesometree(leaf).Whenwesawthose(man),weknewtheywewerelat
6、e.potatoesKnivesleavesmen2.可数名词复数的不规则变化:1)单复数同形)单复数同形:Chinese、Japanese、fish、deer(鹿)、(鹿)、sheep(绵羊)(绵羊)Thereareintheriver.Wehaveafishforlunch.manyfish2)不规则变化,需特别记忆man-woman-child-tooth-foot-goose-mouse-ox-louse-licemenwomenchildrenteethfeetgeesemiceoxen3)与)与man、woman两个词组成的复合词,两个词组成的复合词,名词名词本身和这个词都要变成复
7、数。本身和这个词都要变成复数。womandoctor-manworker-mandriver-womendoctorsmenworkersmendrivers4)复合名词变复数通常是将其主要名词变为复数:passer-by(过路人)-looker-on(旁观者)-若没有主要名词,则通常在最后一个词尾加s:eg:grown-up-grown-upspassers-bylookers-on3.特殊情况1)有些名词只有复数形式,如:clothes,shorts,pants,goods,glasses(眼镜)(2)有些名词以s结尾,但不是复数形式,如:news,maths,physics,politi
8、cs savings(积蓄)(3)有些物质名词或抽象名词的单、复数形式表示 不同的含义,如:room(空间)a room(房间)work(工作)works(著作)“某国人某国人”的复数有三种类型:的复数有三种类型:1.Chinese、Japanese、的单复数同型,不需、的单复数同型,不需要加要加“s”;2.Chinese-ChineseJapanese-Japanese3.Englishmen、Frenchman,复数要把,复数要把“man”变为变为“men”;4.Englishman-Englishmen.5.Frenchman-Frenchmen.6.其他各国人以其他各国人以an、ian
9、结尾的均直接加结尾的均直接加“s”:如如Americans、Australians、IndiansRusian-Rusians,Arab-Arabs注意:注意:German是是Germans!中日不变,英法变,中日不变,英法变,其余其余-s加后面。加后面。不可数名词的量不可数名词的量不可数名词只有单数形式,但可借助单位量词表示一定的数量。如:一片面包/一条新闻/一张纸a piece of bread /news /paper两杯茶/两杯咖啡two cups of tea/coffee还可用much,little,a little,a large amount of,some,any,no,lo
10、ts of,plenty of等来修饰不可数名词,如:much money,some milk常见的不可数名词advice,baggage,luggage,change,furniture,homework,information,knowledge,news experience,名词复数的规则变化情况名词复数的规则变化情况 构成方法构成方法 读音读音 例词例词 一般情况 加-s 清辅音后读/s/map-maps 浊辅音和元音后读/z/bag-bags/car-cars 以s,sh,ch,x等结尾 加-es 读/iz/bus-buses/watch-watches 以ce,se,ze,等结尾
11、 加-s 读/iz/license-licenses 以辅音字母+y结尾 变y 为i再加es 读/iz/baby-babies pronoun 代词代词的分类代词的分类 人称代词人称代词 物主代词物主代词 反身代词反身代词 不定代词不定代词 指示代词指示代词 疑问代词疑问代词人称代词、物主代词、反身代词一表清人称代词、物主代词、反身代词一表清分类分类人称、作用人称、作用人称代词人称代词物主代词物主代词反身代词反身代词主格主格宾格宾格形容词性形容词性名词性名词性第一人称第一人称单数单数Imemyminemyself复数复数weusouroursourselves第二人称第二人称单数单数youyo
12、uyouryoursyourself复数复数youyouyouryoursyourselves第三人称第三人称单数单数hehimhishishimselfsheherherhersherselfitititsitsitself复数复数theythemtheirtheirsthemselves作用作用主语主语宾语、表语宾语、表语定语定语主语、表语、主语、表语、宾语宾语宾语、表语、宾语、表语、同位语同位语人称代词人称代词作主语时用主格,作宾语时用宾格人称代词作主语时用主格,作宾语时用宾格She gave the books to you and me.同时出现多个人称代词同时出现多个人称代词顺序:
13、单数形式:(二、三、一)you she/he I复数形式:(一、二、三)we you theyYou,she and I will study in the same class.用 I me my mine myself 填空 This is my book.The poor girl is .his dictionary is at home,you can use .dont like sweet food.If you have questions you can ask .He is a friend of .mymyselfmineImemine指示代词指示代词 This、that
14、、these、those He was ill yesterday.Im sorry to hear that.*打电话时,介绍自己用this,询问对方身份用thatEg:whos that?This is Angela.单数单数复数复数用法用法1用法用法2thisthese近指近指指下文将要提及的事指下文将要提及的事thatthose远指远指指前面刚提过的事指前面刚提过的事五、五、不定代词不定代词不定代词不定代词 不指明代替特定名词(或形容词)的代词不指明代替特定名词(或形容词)的代词不指明代替特定名词(或形容词)的代词不指明代替特定名词(或形容词)的代词 all,each,every,bo
15、th,either,neither all,each,every,both,either,neither,none,none,one,little,few,many,much one,little,few,many,much,other,another,other,another,some,any,nosome,any,no 由由由由some,any,no,every some,any,no,every 等构成的合成代词等构成的合成代词等构成的合成代词等构成的合成代词指物指物指人指人everythingeveryone,everybodysomethingsomeone,somebodyany
16、thinganyone,anybodynothingnoone,nobody不定代词(1)some 和 any 都可指“一些”,但some用于肯定句,any 用于否定和疑问。I have some English books.I dont have any English books.Raise your hands if you have any question.any 在肯定句中表示“任何”。(2)both/neither 用于指两者都(不),而all/none用于指三者或三者以上都(不)。疑问代词疑问代词疑问代词疑问代词疑问代词疑问代词在句子中用来构成特殊疑问句在句子中用来构成特殊疑问
17、句常见的有常见的有常见的有常见的有:who/whom/whose/what/whichwho/whom/whose/what/which *What makes you think like that?What makes you think like that?*Who(Whom)were you talking with?*Who(Whom)were you talking with?*Which bus do I need?Which bus do I need?*Whats your father?Whats your father?主格主格宾格宾格所有格所有格指人指人whowhomwhose指人或物指人或物which/