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1、名词用法 中考名词热点分析 总体占选择题目的5%名词的交际运用和辨析呈逐年上涨的趋势名词的交际运用和辨析呈逐年上涨的趋势大家来找茬computer, take coffee, water,run. notebook. bring, table, sport interesting, Monday age new actor sell 辨认下列哪些不是不是名词:名词(名词(n.):概念:概念: 是表示人、事物、抽象概念等名是表示人、事物、抽象概念等名称的词。称的词。 名词:nouns名词专有名词普通名词 人:人:Jim吉姆吉姆Mr.Smith 地方:地方:China中国中国theYellowRi
2、ver黄河黄河 机构:机构:NASA美国宇航局美国宇航局 其他:其他:ATaleofTwoCities双城记双城记 ChildrensDay 儿童节儿童节普通名词:普通名词: 例如:例如: 表示东西、事物的。表示东西、事物的。如如book、computer、tree、chopsticks(筷子筷子) 表示表示个个人人的。如的。如boy、girl、woman、man、teacher、father 表示抽象概念,像人的情感、品质、精神的。如表示抽象概念,像人的情感、品质、精神的。如happiness、trouble、pleasure(愉快、快(愉快、快乐)、乐)、industry(勤劳)(勤劳)名
3、词专有名词普通名词可数名词不可数名词 可数名词C:一个人、一样东西or一群人、一类东西 不可数名词U:物质名词、抽象名词homework half advice money food foot music mouth bread 想想怎么变复数? pencil-box_ 2. wife _ 4. city _ 5. dress _ 6. Englishman _ 7. match _ 8. Chinese _ 9. zoo _ Pencil-boxesWivescitiesdressesEnglishmenmatchesChinesezooes 2.普通名词: 指一类人,事、物质或抽象概念的名
4、称的名词普通名词普通名词个体名词个体名词集体名词集体名词物质名词物质名词抽象名词抽象名词studentfamily team air winelovesuccess 名词可以做除了谓语以外的各种成分 高频考点 作定语 大多数情况下名词用单数形式做定语。 shoe store 但有些名词需要用复数形式作定语当你犯错的时候你离不错的时候就更近了一步! 1. All the _ teachers enjoyed themselves on March 8th, because it was their own holiday. 08资阳 A. man B. men C. woman D. women
5、 非选择题的 work 2).以辅音字母以辅音字母s,sh,ch,x结尾的名词,在结尾的名词,在词尾加词尾加es bus brush watch box worksbusesbrusheswatchesboxes 1.These(box)areheavy.Wecantcarrythem.04贵阳贵阳 2.Themanwith_(眼镜眼镜)isavisitortoourcollege.04佛山佛山glasses boxes 3).以o结尾的词,词尾加es或s 有生命+es potato tomato hero negro potatoestomatoesheroesnegroes 无生命+s z
6、oo , radio, photo, piano, zero, 1David took a lot of _ (photo) in Mochou Lake Park last weekend07南京zoosradiosphotospianoszerosphotos 4).以辅音字母加y结尾的词复数变化的规则。 先将y变为i,再加es, family city lady 以y结尾的专有名词或元音字母加y结尾的名词变复数时,直接加s boy key familiescitiesladiesboyskeys 5).以f或fe结尾的专有名词,先将f活fe变成v再加es 帮你巧记忆:WifeWife拿拿
7、knifeknife去宰去宰wolf wolf ,thiefthief看到发了慌看到发了慌; ;躲到躲到shelfshelf后后selfself保命,保命,halfhalf片树叶障目光。片树叶障目光。 特殊有些以f结尾,是直接加s的,如 , roof, belief, proof, 1We should give our _(生命)for our country04哈尔滨lives 1).变内部元音变内部元音 man- foot- 1.Howmanytimesdoyoubrushyour(tooth)everyday?09常州常州menfeetteeth 2).词尾加en,或ren child
8、- ox - 3).单复数同形: Chinese, Japanese , sheep, deer, fish, 7.Therearemore_(sheep)inAustraliathaninJapan.09宿迁宿迁childrenoxen中国人和日本人中国人和日本人很爱护绵羊、鹿很爱护绵羊、鹿和鱼。和鱼。sheep 4).复合名词的复数变化: 主要词改为复数: passer-by passers-by路人; father-in-law fathers-in-law 前后两词均该复数: man servant- men servants; woman nurse- women nurses ho
9、w many sheep? foot? Wolf? 补充补充 1)字母、数字、引语或缩略词的复数形式是在其后加 s 或s 2).表示有几个叫的人在人名之后加s 1. There are four _and two _at the_.08宁波 A. Johns, Marys, doctors B. Johns, Marys, doctors C. Johns, Marys, doctors D. John, Mary, doctors1.常见的不可数名词:常见的不可数名词:专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词在一般情况专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词在一般情况下为不可数名词。下为不可数名词。airlove2
10、.不可数名词的数不可数名词的数()数词或冠词数词或冠词+量词量词+of+不可数名词不可数名词中考高频词中考高频词Piece: a piece of news /advice /breadCup: a cup of tea 欠练只是传说,效果第一!1. Good morning, madam. Can I help you? Sure, Id like _ for cooking vegetables. 09黄冈A. two cups of tea B. three pieces of breadC. one bowl of dumplingsD. five kilos of oil2.Mr .
11、Smith always has _ to tell us. 07青岛A. some good pieces of news B. some pieces of good news C. some good piece of newes D. some piece of good newes 3.分辨可数名词和不可数名词分辨可数名词和不可数名词() “一分为二鉴别法一分为二鉴别法”可数不可数好分辨,名词所示物分两半。如每半不能叫原名,那该词可数最公平。每半还能把原名叫,不可数名词就遇到。有的名词时两面堵,意变不可数为可数。 翠花上题1 .We need to come up with a/an
12、 _ and make a decision at once.09通化 A. information B. advice C. idea D. news2. Father went to his doctor for _.08孝感 A. an advice B. advices C. some advice D. the advices3. How many _ do you want every week? 08泸州 A. milk B. water C. apples4. They got much on the Internet . 07天津 A. photo B. ideas C. m
13、essage D. information还需要关注非选择题 名词所有格构成名词所有格构成s所有格所有格 of所有格所有格双重所有格双重所有格 1.s所有格的构成所有格的构成 表示有生命的名词的所有格表示有生命的名词的所有格 s所有格的构成 1).单数名词词尾加s,复数名词 词尾没有s的,也要加s Mona Lisa smile, mens room 1. June 1st is _ Day. (child) 04长春Children s 2).名词已有复数(即词尾已有s),则只加“”。 ladies hats 20Where is the_ desk ? Can you help them
14、to find it? (twin) 05云南模拟 3).两个名词并列, 分别有s则表示“分别有”; 只有一个s则表示“共有”。 Johns and Marys rooms各有一间 John and Marys room 共有一间twinsThe Presidents and the gorilla s faces1. This is_ bedroom. The twin sisters like it very much. 04湖北 A. Anne and Jane B. Anne s and Jane s C. Anne s and Jane D. Anne and Jane s 4).复
15、合名词或短语, s 加在最后一个词的词尾 a month or twos leave 5).else常用于不定代词,疑问代词或疑问副词后,表示另外,其他 所有格为“elses” Whoelsesbookisthis? (whoelses=whoseelse)2.of所有格:所有格:of+名词名词1).表示无生命东西的所有关系表示无生命东西的所有关系.2).有生命的名词的有生命的名词的s所有格和所有格和of所所有格可以互换有格可以互换thegirlsname=thenameofthegirl3双重所有格:双重所有格:双重所有格的两种形式双重所有格的两种形式:of+名词性物主代词名词性物主代词of
16、+名词所有格名词所有格acousinofmyfathersafriendofhers/ours myfathershers 看看绿色! 重点来了! 中考最常考的,我们在代词部分我们介绍过 2.只修饰不可数名词的修饰语:只修饰不可数名词的修饰语: 3.即可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可即可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词数名词: 1.The letter from my uncle was short. There wasnt news. 09广州 A. many B. a few C. much D. few 2.Im new here. I feel lonely because I have _f
17、riends to talk with. 09龙岩 A. few B. many C. little 3.You look very tired this morning. What did you do yesterday afternoon? I did Christmas shopping. 09广州 A. a lot of B. a few of C. a number of D. a piece of 4. Theres _ milk at home. We have to buy some this afternoon. 08山西 A. a little B. little C.
18、a few 补充考点补充考点 1).复合形容词复合形容词() “数词+名词+形容词 ”构成 中间的名词不能用复数形式只能用单数。1. Each of us has to write a report every two weeks. 09广州 A. two-hundred-word B. two-hundreds-wordC. two-hundreds-words D. two-hundred-words 2A new study proves a _walk every day is enough to keep people away from becoming fat09哈尔滨A30一m
19、inute B30 minutes C30一minutes 2).anumberof和和thenumberof的区的区别别 前者只修饰可数名词表示许多 后者表示的数目 考的关键是谓语动词的选择, 前者表示复数概念, 后者表示单数概念。只修饰可数名词只修饰可数名词许多许多的数目的数目第六节名词辨析(交际运用)第六节名词辨析(交际运用)是中考未来的趋势,也是是中考未来的趋势,也是一级重点一级重点总结了高频场景总结了高频场景1.日常生活场景日常生活场景和日常生活有关,生活用品,个人喜好,电脑,等很多与生活和日常生活有关,生活用品,个人喜好,电脑,等很多与生活有关的问题有关的问题1.Doyoulike
20、tolistento“Mozart”?(喜欢什么)(喜欢什么)Yes.Listeningto_ismyfavorite.08山东山东A.songsB.musicC.storiesD.news2.Hedidnttellhisparentshewasgoinghomebecausehewantedtogivethema_.08山东山东A.joyB.surpriseC.shockD.happiness3.Aftermovingtotheirnewhouse,theLeesboughtsome_inthemallnearby.08上海上海A.furnitureB.chairCtableD.shelf2
21、.吃喝或去饭店场景吃喝或去饭店场景点餐要点餐要menu,之后要,之后要bill.drink后加名词和后加名词和eat后加名词(可数与不可数的辨析)后加名词(可数与不可数的辨析)1Excuseme,waiterWeareleavingWouldyoupleaseshowusthe?09十二市十二市AmenuBmoneyCbillDlist2.-Mum,Imhungry!-Oh,youcanhavesome_.08娄底娄底A.sweaterB.breadC.pet3.抽象名词抽象名词相比前两个场景,有一些难度,但是只要注意分析语相比前两个场景,有一些难度,但是只要注意分析语境和平时的词汇积累,还是
22、可以做好这类题目。境和平时的词汇积累,还是可以做好这类题目。1. Bill is ill. Do you know whats wrong with him?Poor boy. His illness is the _ of eating unhealthy food. 08武汉A. result B. cause C. reason D. end2. I had a very unusual yesterday. I saw a UFO land in front of me. 08丽水A. decision B. test C. friend D. experience 4.去公共场所去公共场所 去电影院,市场,空出去电影院,市场,空出room等等等等 1Mike and his friend are going to the to see the new action movie tonight。 09陕西 Abook shop Brestaurant Cconcert Dcinema 2. Its so crowded here. Lets make some _ for the baby. 08资阳 A. ground B. room C. seats D. chairs