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1、黄金押题0 3完形填空【高考考纲】1.选材以记叙文为主,夹叙夹议文为辅。2.首句不设空,短文词数一般在180至 250词左右,设空间距为10至 15词左右。3.从题材上看,内容新颖、时尚,突出“励志性、教育性和启发性”,反映正确价值导向,彰显正能量。【命题特点】1.题目上下文语境理解放在第一位,而把词汇运用和语法知识放在第二位。2.词汇的考查面越来越宽,但完形填空的选项设置以实词为主,即名词、动词、形容词和副词等,以虚词为辅,即连词、介词等。3.所设选项更具有干扰性和迷惑性,直接根据语法和固定搭配就能选出答案的试题越来越少,设空与语境的联系更加密切。【真题感悟】例 1、(2018全国 I)Du
2、ring my second year at the city college,I was told that the education department wasoffering a“fkee”course,called Thinking Chess,for three credits.I LB the idea of taking theclass because,after all,who doesn want to 2.C a few dollars?More than that,rd alwayswanted to learn chess.And,even if I werent
3、 3.A enough about free credits,news about our4.D was appealing enough to me.He was an international grandmaster,which 5.D Iwould be learning from one of the games 6.C.1 could hardly wait to 7.B him.Maurice Ashley was kind and smart,a former graduate returning to teach,and this8.D was no game for him
4、;he meant business.In his introduction,he made it 9.Cthat our credits would be hard-earned.In order to 10.B the class,among other criteria,we had to write a paper on how we plan to 1 l.C what we would learn in class to ourfuture professions and,12.A,to our lives.I managed to get an A in that 13.C an
5、dlearned life lessons that have served me well beyond the 14.B.Ten years after my chess class with Ashley Im still putting to use what he 15.Ame:“The absolute most important 16.D that you learn when you play chess is how tomake good 17.B.On every single move you have to 18.A a situation,process what
6、your opponent(又 寸手)is doing and 19.D the best move from among all your options.These words still ring true today in my 20.A as a journalist.文章大意:本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者通过学习国际象棋学会了如何正确地做决定。(1)A.put forward B.jumped atC.tried out D.turned down解析:上下文语境题。根据上文中的 offEng a*e e”course,called Thinking Chessforthree
7、 credits以及下文中的Id always wanted to learn chess可知,参加国际象棋课程是免费的并且可以获得三个学分,而且 我”一直想学国际象棋,由此可知 我”迫不及待地接受(jump at)了这个主意。put forward提出;try out试蛉;turn down拒绝。(2)A.waste B.earnC.save D.pay解析:上文语境题。联系上文中的a“什ee”course可知,这是免费的课程,因此可以节省(save)几美元。(3)A.excited B.worriedC.moved D.tired解析:下文语境题。联系下文中的appealing enoug
8、h to m e可知,即使免费获得学分这件事不足以让 我 兴奋(excited),也有其他事情对“我”有足够的吸引力。(4)A.title B.competitorC.textbook D.instructor解析:下文语境题。联系下文he was an international grandmaster(他是一位国际象棋大师)可知,国际象棋课程的导师(instructor)足 以 吸 引 我title标题;competitor对手;textbook课本。(5)A.urged B.demandedC.held D.meant解析:上下文语境题。国际象棋课程的导师是国际象棋大师,这就意味着(me
9、an)“我”将跟随下国际象棋最好的人(8)A.chance B.qualificationC.honor D.job解析:下文语境题。联系空后的was no game for him;he meanl business可知,这项工作(job)对他而言不是游戏,而是正经职业。chance机会;qualificalion资格;honor荣誉。(9)A.real B.perfectC.clear D.possible解析:下文语境题。联系空后的that our credits would be hard-earned可知,他向我们明确表示(make it clear that)这个学分很难获得。(1
10、0)A.attend B.passC.skip D.observe解析:下文语境题。联系下文we had to write a paper可知,为了通过(pass)这门课程我们要写论文。attend参加;skip跳过;observe观察。(11)A.add B.exposeC.applyD.compare解析:下文语境题。联系空后的to our future professions可知,我们的论文是关于我们打算如何将所学的东西应用(apply)到未来的职业的。apply.to 将应用到.,符合语境。add.lo向.添加.;expose.lo 使.暴露在.;compare.to.把.比作.。(1
11、2)A.eventually B.naturallyC.directly D.normally解析:下文语境题。联系空后的to our lives可知,最终(eventually)要应用到我们的生活中。naturally自然地;directly直接地;normally正常地。(13)A.game B.presentationC.course D.experiment解析:上文语境题。联系空前的I managed to get an A 可知,“我”在国际象棋课程(course)上获得了 A。game 游戏;presentation 报告;experiment 实验。(14)A.criterio
12、n B.classroomC.department D.situation解析:上文语境题。联系空前的life lessons thal have served me well可知,我 从中学到了课堂(classroom)之外的生活课程。criterion标准;d印arlmenl部门;situation状况。(15)A.taught B.wroteC.questionedD.promised解析:下文语境题。分析语境可知,引号中的内容是导师说的话,也就是他教(teach)“我”的东西。write 写;question 询问;promise 答应。(16)A.fact B.stepC.manne
13、r D.skill解析:下文语境题。联系空后的 you learn when you play chess is how to make good(decisions)可知,这里是指学到的最重要的技能(skill)。(17)A.grades B.decisionsC.impressions D.comments解析:下文语境题。联系下文中的the best move from among all your options可知,这里指做出正确的决定(decision)。grade分数;impression印象;comment评论。(18)A.analyze B.describeC.rebuild
14、 D.control解析:下文语境题。联系空后的 a situation,process what your opponent is doing 可知,这里指分析(analyze)形势。describe描述;rebuild重建;control控制。(19)A.announce B.signalC.blockD.evaluate解析:下文语境题o 联系空后的the best move from among all your options可知,要从你所有的选择中评估(evaluate)出最好的一步。announce宣布;signal示意;block堵住。(20)A.role B.desireC.
15、concern D.behavior解析:下文语境题。联系空后的as a journalist可知,今天这些话对于“我”作为记者的角色(role)仍然是真实有用的。desire渴望;concern担心;behavior举止。【名师点睛】记叙文型完形填空可分为记事和记人两种形式。在记事型记叙文的完形填空中,作者在文章的第一句就己经把事件及其发生的时间、地点、人物交代清楚了,然后对这件事情的发生、发展进行陈述。通过对事件的叙述,反映出作者的某种思想,最后得出事件产生的结果。记叙文在高考中占了很大的比例。这些记叙文有人物故事、历史故事、励志故事等,作者入手的角度也是各有千秋,涉及社会、家庭、历史、文
16、化、健康、当今社会科学的最新发展等方面,作为每年高考的一个主打体裁,命题人在选材上是绞尽了脑汁,但总体来讲它一般有以下两个特点:1 .情节曲折,信息量大,结尾往往出人意料。近几年高考完形填空往往在情节上有较大的曲折变化,并且结果出人意料,在文章的写作风格上作者不再是单纯地去叙述某个人、某件事,而是在叙述过程中把对人物的语言、行为、心理活动的描写也都融入了文章的叙述中,这样无疑就增加了考生理解的难度。因此,对于考生来说应理清故事发展的脉络,根据人物的语言、行为及心理活动等去了解作者的写作意图,对故事的发展和结局作出合理的想象和预测。2.文章内容为中学生所关注和熟悉的话题,有亲切感,能引起学生的共
17、鸣。近几年高考完形填空中有很多是反映人际关系、当今科学发展对人际关系的影响等的文章,这些是学生平时在生活中接触比较多的话题,因此对于学生来说容易接受,没有陌生感。【方法技巧】1.研读首句,抓住全文主旨一般情况下,记叙文体裁的文章首句会交代4 个W,即 when,where,who,what,首句往往是整篇文章的引领句,概括了整篇文章的中心和写作意图。而且每段的首句通常具有承上启下的作用,是文章发展过程的重要线索。细读首句可以预测文章的主旨大意。2017年全国I 卷首句“虽然高中不鼓励学生探索生活中的一些新领域,但是大学却为这种探索设置了阶段”,直接引出大学生活中对新领域的探索。2016年全国H
18、卷首句“很多人只凭你桌上一个小小的装置(电话)就有了对你的印象。”直接引出话题。记叙文中情节发展的走向始终体现文章的主题思想。对主旨大意的正确把握有助于考生对文章细节的正确理解,特别是对长难句的分析和突破,从而选择正确的答案。2.前后联系,寻找关键信息记叙文以叙述为主,绝大部分篇幅是作者在描述事件发生的时间、空间以及人物的发展和变化。因此,考生只能借助上下文乃至于全文语境揣摩作者对各个角色和事件的态度。3.利用语境,辨析选项词义,注意复现词汇完形填空的命题特点之一就是利用词汇辨析知识命题,而且这种考查形式占了题目的绝大部分,首先要准确把握词汇的意思和用法以及它们在不同语境中的变化。同时,利用好
19、上下文重复出现的信息。这些信息有时候是原词复现,有时候是同义词复现、近义词复现、同根词复现、概括词复现以及反义词用于否定句中等。4.通过常识,作出合理推断完形填空题所选的文章多为具有一定故事情节和教育意义的记叙文,这些语篇都非常贴近学生的生活,涉及日常生活常识。考生在解题时,可以根据这些常识作出选择。5.体会情感,注意氛围和谐作者对完形填空的文章赋予了一定的感情色彩。首先要理解作者说话的语气和文章的感情色彩,这种语气和色彩是和谐一致的,而且是贯穿全文的。做题时要融入故事中,把握人物的情感态度、人际关系以及文章语气的一致性、意思的连贯性、表达的合理性等,读懂作者微妙的情感和态度,抓住像lucki
20、ly,however,therefore,even,still等词语,要充分体会上下文语言的和谐性,理解文章的深层含义。(2018全国 H)Two weeks earlier,my son,Ben,had got in touch.Hed moved to England with his mumwhen he was three and it had been 13 years since Id .D seen him.So imagine my 2.Awhen he emailed me saying he wanted to come to visit me.I was 3.C!I ar
21、rived early at Byron Bay where we were supposed to 4.C.The baywas 5.A in sunshine,and there was a group of kayakers around 150m off the shore.Getting alittle 6.B,I realized one kayak(皮划艇)was in 7 A /Somethings not&B!”1took off my Tshirt and 9.C into the water.I saw there were two instructors on boar
22、d and aman lying across the middle.He was 10.D violently.Linking arms with one of the instructors,I helped 11.C the young man out of the water.He was unconscious and as I looked at hisface,something 12.B to me.Those brown eyes were very 13.D.Whats his name?”Iasked the instructor.Ben,he replied,and i
23、mmediately I 14.D.That stranger was my son!The instructors called fbr an ambulance.15.A,after a brief stay in hospital,Ben waswell enough to be allowed to 16.D and later the family met up for dinner.We chatted abouteverything and then Ben 17.B to me.I just want to say thank you,“he said.You 8.Cmy li
24、fe!”I still cant believe what a 19.A it was.Tm just so glad I was there 20.B to help myson.文章大意:本文是一篇记叙文。作者到约定的地方去见自己13年没见面的儿子,却在那里遇到有人溺水。勇敢的作者下水救人,出乎意料的是,得救的年轻人正是自己的儿子。作者感慨世事难料,认为这种巧合是冥冥之中注定的。(1)A.also B.oftenC.even D.last解析:上文语境题。前文说作者的儿子本3 岁时就离开了作者,因此这里表示“自从我上次见他到现在已经13年了,用 last表示“上次”。also也,还;oft
25、en经常;even甚至。(2)A.delight B.reliefC.angerD.worry解析:上下文语境题。前文提到作者已经13年没见过自己的儿子了,因此儿子发来电子邮件,说要来看望作者,作者应该感到 快乐(delight),1,而不是“轻松(reliefy”愤怒(anger)”或 担心(worry)”。(3)A.scared B.shockedC.thrilled D.ashamed解析:上下文语境题。13年未见的儿子要来看望作者,作者感到高兴,因此选thrilled表示“激动的“,后面的arrived early也给出了提示。scared害怕的;shocked震惊的;ashamed难
26、为情的。(4)A.talk B.stayC.meet D.settle解析:上文语境题。前文提到作者的儿子要来看望自己,因此作者来到他们约定见面(meet)的地方。talk谈话;stay停留:settle解决。(5)A.bathed B.cleanC.deep D.formed解析:固定搭配题。此处意为“海湾沐浴在阳光中“,be bathed in表示“沐浴在中clean清洁的;deep深的;form组成。(6)A.faster B.closerC.heavier D.wiser解析:上下文语境题。上文提到这些皮划艇离岸边约有150米远,下文提到作者注意到有意外的情况发生,因此这里用get c
27、loser,表示“走得更近一些“。faster更快;heavier更 重;wiser更明智。(7)A.trouble B.advanceC.question D.battle解析:下文语境题。下文提到作者把那个年轻人从水里救出来(the young man out ofthe water)时,那个年轻人昏迷不醒(unconscious),由此判断选A,in trouble表示“有麻烦in advance 提前;in question 有疑问;in battle 在战斗中。(8)A.real B.rightC.fair D.fit解析:上文语境题。上文提到有一艘皮划艇有麻烦,因此这里用somet
28、hings not right表示“有 情 况 不 对 劲 real真正的;fair公正的;fit健康的。(9)A.stared B.sankC.divedD.fell解析:上下文语境题。上文提到作者脱掉T 恤衫,下文提到到水里(into the w ater),因此这里表示作者跳进(dive)水里救人。stare盯着看;sink下沉;fall落入。(10)A.arguing B.fightingC.shouting D.shaking解析:上下文语境题。上文提到作者跳进水里,下文提到那个年轻人昏迷不醒,因此这里表示年轻人在水中浑身剧烈地颤抖,选 shaking。argue辩论;fight打斗
29、;shout喊叫。(11)A.lead B.persuadeC.carry D.keep解析:上下文语境题。根据前文的linking arms with和下文提到的out of the water可知,作者和一个教练员双臂连接,帮着把那个年轻人从水里救到岸上,用 carry表示“抬,lead带 领;persuade说服;keep保持。(12)A.happened B.occurredC.applied D.appealed解析:固定搭配题。下文提到被救的年轻人正是作者13年没见面的儿子,因此这里表示作者看着昏迷不醒的年轻人,突然想到一件事,用 something occurred to sb.
30、表示“某人突然想 到 某 事 something happened to sb.某事发生在某人身上;apply to sb.向某人提出申请;appeal to sb.对某人有吸引力。(13)A.sharp B.pleasantC.attractive D.familiar解析:下文语境题。下文提到被救者是作者的儿子,因此这里表示在作者眼里,对方的褐色眼睛看起来很熟悉(familiar)。sharp尖锐的;pleasant令人愉快的;allraclive吸引人的。(14)A.agreed B.hesitatedC.doubted D.knew解析:上文语境题。上文提到作者对这个年轻人的褐色眼睛很
31、熟悉,教练告诉作者这个人的名字是本,于是作者马上明白了(know)。agree同意;hesitate犹豫;doubt怀疑。(15)A.Fortunately B.FranklyC.SadlyD.Suddenly解析:下文语境题。下文提到本在医院里待了很短时间就康复了,这是幸运的事(fortunately)o frankly 坦率地;sadly 悲伤地;suddenly 突然。(16)A.return B.relaxC.speakD.leave解析:上文语境题。上文提到本在医院里待了很短时间(a brief stay)身体就恢复健康了(well enough),这里表示他可以出院了(leave)
32、。return返回;relax放松;speak说话。(17)A.joked B.turnedC.listened D.pointed解析:上下文语境题。上文提到作者和儿子聊天的时候无所不谈(chat abouteverything),下文提到儿子表达对作者的感激之情,因此这里表示本转向(turn 作者要对他说话。joke开玩笑;lislen听;poim指向。(18)A.created B.honoredC.savedD.guided解析:上文语境题。上文提到作者帮助教练把本从水中救上来,因此此处选save表示“挽救救。create创造;honor尊敬;guide指引。(19)A.coincid
33、ence B.changeC.pity D.pain解析:上文语境题。从故事情节的发展来看,作者去与13年没见面的儿子会面,结果在水中救起溺水者,这个溺水者正是自己的儿子,这简直太巧了。故 选 coincidence,表示“巧合 的 事 change变化;pity遗憾;pain疼痛。(20)A.on board B.in timeC.for sure D.0rn purpose解析:上文语境题。这里表示作者感慨自己及时出现在事故现场帮助了自己的儿子,因此选in time表示“及时on board在船(或飞机、火车)上;for sure确信;on purpose故意地。例 2、(2018天津)N
34、o one is born a winner.People make themselves into winners by theirown l.C.I learned this lesson from a(n)2.B many years ago.I took the head 3.D job at aschool in Baxley,Georgia.lt was a small school with a weak football program.It was a tradition for the schools old team to play against the 4.D tea
35、m at the end ofspring practice.The old team had no coach,and they didnt even practice to 5 B thegame.Being the coach of the new team,I was excited because I knew we were going to win,but tomy disappointment we were defeated.I couldnt 6.A I had got into such a situation.Thinkinghard about it,I came t
36、o 7.A that my team might not be the number one team in Georgia,butthey were 8.C me.I had to change my 9.B about their ability and potential.I started doing anything I could to help them build a little 10.A.Most important,I beganto treat them like 1 l.C.That summer,when the other teams enjoyed their
37、12.B,we metevery day and 13.D passing and kicking the football.Six months after suffering our 14.A on the spring practice field,we won our first gameand our second,and continued to 15.B.Finally,we faced the number one team in the state.1felt that it would be a 16.C for us even if we lost the game.Bu
38、t that wasnt what happened.Myboys beat the best team in Georgia,giving me one of the greatest 17.B of my life!From the experience I learned a lot about how the attitude of the leader can 18.D themembers of a team.Instead of seeing my boys as losers,I pushed and 19.A them.I helpedthem to see themselv
39、es 20.D,and they built themselves into winners.Winners are made,not born.文章大意:本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过自己当教练的一次经历告诉我们,胜利者是创造出来的,而不是天生的。(1)A.luck B.testsC.efforts D.nature解析:上文语境题。联系上句“No one is born a winner.(没有人天生是胜利者)”知,人们成为胜利者靠的是自己的努力(efforts)。luck运气;lest测试;nature自然,天性。(2)A.experiment B.experienceC.visit D
40、.show解析:下文语境题。联系倒数第二段中的from the experience知,从很多年前的一次经历(experience)中“我 明白了这个道理。experiment实 验;visit拜访,参观;show表明,展zK o(3)A.operating B.editingC.consulting D.coaching解析:下文语境题联系下一段中的being the coach of the new team(作为新队的教练)知,我 承担训练(coach)任务。operate操作,运行,做手术;ed it编辑;consult咨询,查阅。(4)A.successful B.excellent
41、C.strong D.new解析:上下文语境题。联系空前的old team和下文的being the coach of the new team知,这是老队与新(new)队之间的比赛 successful成功的;excellent优秀的;strong强壮的。(5)A.cheer for B.prepare forC.help with D.finish with解析:上文语境题。由空前提到的practice(训练)知,训练是为比赛做准备(prepare for)的。cheer for 为.欢呼;help with 帮助.;finish with 以.结束。(6)A.believe B.agre
42、eC.describe D.regret解析:上文语境题。上文提到 I was excited because I knew we were going to win(我很兴奋,因为我知道我们将会赢),但最后“我们”队输了比赛,这个结果是作者不能接受的,因此他不相信(believe)。agree同意;describe描述;regret后悔,遗憾。(7)A.realize B.claimC.permit D.demand解析:上文语境题。联系空前的thinking hard about it(仔细考虑)知,此处意为“我逐渐意识到(realize).claim宣 称;perm it允 许:dema
43、nd要求,需求。(8)A.reacting to B.looking forC.depending on D.caring about解析:上文语境题。联系空前的my team might not be the number one leam(我的队可能不是最好的)和but(表转折)知,他们依靠(depend on)“我。react to 对.作出回应;look for 寻 找;care about 关心,在乎。(9)A.decision B.attitudeC.conclusionD.intention解析:下文语境题。联系下段中“我”改变自己的做法以及倒数第二段中提到的theattitud
44、e(态度)知,空格处是指“我”改变了对他们的态度(attitude)。decision决定;conclusion结论;intention意图,计划,打算。K)A.pride B.cultureC.fortune D.relationship解析:上文语境题。联系空前的 I started doing anything I could to help them build a little(我开始做力所能及的一切来帮助他们建立一些)知,空格处应是一个褒义词,pride(自豪感)符合文意。culture文化;fortune运气,大笔的钱;relationship关系。(11)A.leaders B
45、.partnersC.winners D.learners解析:上下文语境题。联系上文的winners(胜利者)和倒数第二段中的losers(失败者)知,“我”开始把他们当胜利者(winner)对待。leader领导者;partner伙伴,合作者;learner学习者。(12)A.rewards B.vacationsC.health D.honor解析:下文语境题。联系空后的we met every day(我们天天见面)和passing and kicking thefootball(传球和踢球)知,其他的队在享受假期(vacation)时“我们”在训练。reward奖赏;health健康
46、;honor荣誉。(13)A.risked B.missedC.consideredD.practiced解析:下文语境题。联系空后的passing and kicking the football(传球和踢球)知,是在训练(practice)。risk 冒 险:miss 思念,错过;consider 考虑。(14)A.defeat B.declineC.accident D.mistake解析:上下文语境题。联系上文的ve were defeated(我们被打败了)以及空后的on thespring practice field(在春季的训练场上)知,是承受了在春季训练场上的失败(defea
47、t)。decline下降,减少:accident事故;mistake错误。(15)A.relax B.improveC.expand D.defend解析:上文语境题。联系空前的won our first game and our second(赢了我们第一场比赛、我们第二场比赛)知,“我们”继续提高(improve)。relax放松;expand扩展,膨 胀;defend保卫,保护。(16)A.shame B.burdenC.victory D.favor解析:下文语境题。联系空后的even if we lost the game(即使我们输了比赛)知,空格处指“与强队对决本身就是一个胜利(
48、victory)”。shame羞愧;burden负担;favor恩惠,偏爱,支持。(17)A.chances B.thrillsC.concerns D.offers解析:上文语境题联系空前的my boys beat the best team(我的队员打败了最好的队)知,这是 我 生命中最令人激动的事(thrill)之一。chance机会;concern关心,担心,忧虑;offer主动提议。(18)A.surprise B.serveC.interest D.affect解析:上文语境题。联系上文“我的队员踢得很好,打败了最好的队 知,我 的态度的改变影响(affect)了队员。surpri
49、se使.吃惊;serve服务,提供,端上;interest使感兴趣。(19)A.encouraged B.observedC.protected D.impressed解析:上文语境题。联系空前的pushed(催促)知,空格处是指“鼓励(encourage)他们observe观察;protect保护;impress使印象深亥(20)A.honestly B.individuallyC.calmly D.differently解析:上文语境题。联系上句中的instead of seeing my boys as losers以及上文的Irealthem like winners知,此处是指“我帮
50、他们用不同的方式(differenlly)看待自己。honestly老实地,诚实地;individually个人地;calmly平静地。【名师点睛】夹叙夹议型完形填空往往是高考中较难的题目,也是最容易失分的一种文章体裁。所选的有关文章蕴涵深刻的人生哲理,因此耐人寻味。从近两年的高考完形填空来看,很多的完形填空往往在平淡的叙述中蕴涵着深刻的人生哲理。鉴于这一点,考生不但要理解文章的字面意思,更重要的是挖掘文章的内涵,只有做到了这一点,考生才能透彻理解文章,做好完形填空.夹叙夹议型的完形填空一般有以下三个特点:1 .先叙述作者自己的某一个生活经历或见闻,然后针对这一事件发表自己对生活的看法,或揭示