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1、毛额市鹊鹑阳光实验学校2008高考英语语法复习之一名词性从句复习讲与练在英语的句子结构中，本来该由名词充当的主 语、宾语、表语和同位语，由一个句子来充当，这个句子就叫：名词性从句。名词性从句包括四种从句即主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位词从句。名词性从句的特点：tha t、who whomw h a t、whe the r及whe n、whe re引导名词性从句时必须是陈述句词序.一、主语从句：通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语i t代替，而本身放在句子末尾。1 i t作形式主语的四个主要句型1）I t+b e+名词词组（no wond e r,a n honor,a g ood thin
2、g,a pity,no surprise,e tc.）+tha t 从句I t s a pity tha t we ca n，t g o.I t s no surprise tha tour te a m shoul d ha ve won the g a me.2）I t+b e +形容词（ob vious,true,na tura l,surprising,g ood,wond e rf ul,f unny,possib l e,l ik e l y,ce rta in,prob a b l e,e tc.）+tha t 从句I t is ce rta in tha t she wil l
3、 d o we l 1 in he r e xa m.I t is prob a b l etha t he tol d he r e ve ry thing.3）I t+b e+过去分词（sa id,re porte d,thoug ht,e xpe cte d,d e cid e d,a nnounce d,e tc.）+tha t 从句I t is sa id tha t M r.G re e n ha s a rrive d in Be ijing.I l is re porte d tha t China ha s se nt a nothe r ma n-ma d e e a rt
4、h sa te l l iteinto orb it.4）I t+不及物动词（se e m,ha ppe n等）+tha t从句I t se e me d tha t Al ice is not coming to the pa rty a t a l l.I tha ppe ne d tha t I wa s out tha t d a y.2主语从句的主谓一致主语从句多表示单一概念,因此主句谓语动词多用单数.wha t引导的从句根据表达的含义来确定谓语动词的单复数.W he n a nd whe re we l l g o isn,t d e cid e d.W ha t we ne e
5、d a reb ook s/is wa te r.二、宾语从句注意：动词sug g e st（建议），insist（坚持，主张），pre f e r（宁愿），re que st（要求），re quire （要求，命令）,d e ma nd（要求），ord e r（命令），comma nd（命令），a d vise（建议）等词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词要用虚拟语气，其构成是“sho成d+动词原形”，其中shoul d可省略I t wa s sug g e ste d tha t more te a che rs shoul d b e se nt the re to he l p the m.T
6、om insiste d tha t his l e a d e rship b e re cog nize d b y a l l the b oy s.三、同位语从句同位语从句一般用whe the r,tha t等词引导，常放在名词后面，说明该名词的具体内容。换言之，同位语从句和所修饰的名词在内容上为同一关系。1.同位语从句的先行词多为f a ct,ne ws,id e a,thoug ht,que stion,re pl y,re port,re ma rk等,关联词多用从属连词tha t.Where did you get the idea that I could not come?
7、They were all very much worried over the fact that you were sick.2.同位语从句意义完整，应用that;意义不完整需增加“是否”的含义，应用whether；需要增加“什么时候”、“什么地点”、“什么方式”等含义，应用when,where,how 等词。I have no idea whether he 11 come or not.The question who should do the work requires consideration.3 表 示“建议、命令、要求”的名词所跟的同位语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气(shou
8、ld+动词原形,should可省略)This is our only request that this(should)be settled as soon aspossible.The general gave the order that the soldiers should cross the riverat once.四、表语从句1.由 that引导，that不作成分，只起连接作用。2、由 whether引导表示不确定,由because引导表示原因。The point is whether we should lend him the money.It is because I ha
9、ve ever heard of the story.当主句的主语为reason,或者是w h y 由引导的从句时,与它们相关的表语从句注that来弓I导,而不能由because弓|导；because引导表语从句时只能用于It/That/This is/was because*.如：The reason why I was late was that I missed the train.I was late.It/That/This was because I missed the train.3.what,which,who,whom,whose 等连接代词及 when,where,how
10、,why 等连接副词既引导句子又充当一定的句子成分.The problem is who we can get to replace her.The question is how he did it.That was what she did this morning on reaching the attic.4.as i f 常与look,seem,sound等连系动词连用.She looks as if she would cry.5.在一些表示“建议，劝说，命令”的名词后的表语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气。My suggestion is that we(should)start ea
11、rly tomorrow.注意下列情况：(一)、that不能省略的情况D and连接两个宾语从句,that宾语从句放在and后Everybody could see what happened and that Tom was frightened.2 that引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时I know nothing about him except that he is from the south.3 that从句位于句首时That he ever said such a thing I simply don t believe.4主句谓语动词与that从句之间有插入语时W e d e ci
12、d e d,in vie w of his spe cia l circumsta nce s,tha t we woul d a d mithim f or a prob a tiona ry.3 W ha t与tha t的用法区别wha t在从句中作主语、宾语、表语，而tha t则不作句子成分.W h a t y o u sa i d y e st e rd a y i s ri gh t.T h a t sh e i s st i l l a l i v e i s go o dn e w s.（二）、w h e t h e r和i f 的用法区别通常，引导主语从句，表语从句，同位语从句
13、用w h e t h e r不用i f1.It d o e sn，t m a t t e r sh e w i l l c o m e o r n o t.2.T h e pro b l e m i s sh e w i l l h a v e e n o u gh t i m e.3.i t i s t ru e re m a i n s a qu e st i o n.4.S h e d o u b t sh e w i l l b e su c c e ssf u l .5.T h e qu e st i o n i t i s ri gh t o r w ro n g d e pe n
14、 d s o n si t u a t i o n.6.W e d o n,t kn o w o r n o t sh e w a s re a d y.7.S h e h a sn t d e c i d e d t o go.8.It a l l d e pe n d s o n t h e y w i l l su ppo rt u s.名词性从句一向是N M E T 中的重要考点.通过对近几年高考试题的分析,我们可以看出N M E T 名词性从句考点主要有以下六个方面：考点之一:考查名词性从句中t h a t 与 w h a t 的区别考例：w e c a n t ge t se e
15、m s b e t t e r t h a n w e h a v e.T h a t;w h a t考点之二:考查名词性从句中的i t 作形式主语或形式宾语考例 1:i s a f a c t t h a t E n gl i sh i s b e i n g a c c e pt e d a s a ni n t e rn a t i o n a l l a n gu a ge.A.T h e re B.T h i s C.T h a t D.It考例 2:I h a t e w h e n pe o pl e t a l k w i t h t h e i r m o u t h s f
16、 u l l.A.i t B.t h a t C.t h i s D.t h e m考点之三:考查名词性从句的语序考例：T h e ph o t o gra ph s w i l l sh o w you.A.w h a t d o e s o u r v i l l a ge l o o k l i ke B.w h a t o u r v i l l a gel o o ks 1 i keC.h o w d o e s o u r v i l l a ge l o o k l i ke D.h o w o u r v i l l a gel o o ks l i ke考点之四：考查名词性从
17、句中的w h e t h e r,i f 以 及 t h a t 的区别考 彳 列 1:w e 11 go c a m pi n g t o m o rro w d e pe n d s o n t h e w e a t h e r.A.If B.W h e t h e r C.T h a t D.W h e re考例 2:W h a t t h e d o c t o rs re a l l y d o u b t i s m y m o t h e r w i l l re c o v e rf ro m t h e se ri o u s d i se a se so o n.A.w
18、h e n B.h o w C.w h e t h e r D.w h y考例 3:It w o rri e d h e r a b i t h e r h a i r w a s t u rn i n g gra y.A.W h a t;w h a t B.W h a t;t h a tC.T h a t;t h a tD.A.w h i l eB.t h a tC.i fD.f o r考点之五:考查名词性从句中的疑问词+ever引导的名词性从句及其与nomat ter+疑问词引导的从句的区别考 例 1:It is generally considered unwise to give a
19、child heor she wants.A.however B.whatever C.whichever D.whenever考例 2:Sarah hopes to become a friend of shares her interests.A.anyone B.whomever C.whoever D.no matterwho考点之六：考查名词性从句的虚拟语气问题考例：It is necessary that a college student at least a foreignlanguage.A.masters B.should master C.mastered D.willm
20、aster名词性从句专项练习一、单项选择1.matters most in learning English is enough practice.2007 全国 卷 IIA.What B.Why C.Where D.Which2.he referred to in his article was unknown to the general reader.A.ThatB.WhatC.WhetherD.Where3.The traditional view is we sleep because our brain isprogrammedM to make us do s o.上海A.whe
21、n B.why C.whether D.that4.Could I speak to is in charge of International Sales,please?2007 ft东卷A.anyone B.someone C.whoeverD.no matter who5.You can only be sure of you have at present;you cannot besure of something you might get in the future.200安徽卷A.that;what B.what;/C.which;thatD./;that6.一Where,s
22、that report?一I brought it to you you were in Mr.Black s office yesterday.北京A.if B.when C.becauseD.before7.It is none of your business other people think about you.Believe yourself.2007 福建卷A.how B.what C.which D.when8.Having checked the doors were closed,and all the 1 ights2007 上海卷were off,the boy op
23、ened the door to his bedroom.2007 湖南卷A.w h yB.t h a tC.w h e nA.w h i c hB.t h a tC.w h a tD.w h e t h e rD.w h e re9.C h o o si n g t h e ri gh t d i c t i o n a ry d e pe n d s o n y o u w a n t t o u se i tf o r.2007 江苏卷A.w h a t B.w h y C.h o w D.w h e t h e r10.pa re n t s sa y a n d d o h a s
24、a l i f e-l o n g e f f e c t o n t h e i r c h i l d re n.2007陕西卷A.T h a t B.W h i c h C.W h a t D.As11.B y i m pro v i n g re a d i n g ski l l s,y o u c a n re a d f a st e r a n d u n d e rst a n d m o reo f y o u re a d.上海春A.t h a t B.w h a t C.w h i c h D.w h e t h e r12.T h e se a si d e h e
25、re d ra w s a l o t o f t o u ri st s e v e ry su m m e r.W a rm su n sh i n ea n d so f t sa n d s m a ke i t i s.2007 天津卷A.w h a t B.w h i c h C.h o wD.w h e re13.W h y n o t t ry y o u r l i c k d o w n t o w n,B o b?T h a t s t h e b e st j o b sa re.2007 浙江卷A.w h e re B.w h a t C.w h e nD.w h y
26、14.W i t h h i s w o rk c o m pl e t e d,t h e b u si n e ssm a n st e ppe d b a c k t o h i s se a t,15.W e h a v e n，t se t t l e d t h e qu e st i o n o f i t i s n e c e ssa ry f o r h i mt o st u d y a b ro a d.（06 江 苏）A.i f B.w h e re C.w h e t h e r D.t h a t16.m a ke s t h i s sh o p d i f f
27、 e re n t i s t h a t i t o f f e rs m o re pe rso n a lse rv i c e s.（06 辽 宁）A.W h a t B.W h o C.W h a t e v e r D.W h o e v e r17.S e e t h e f l a gs o n t o p o f t h e b u i l d i n g?T h a t w a s w e d i d t h i sm o rn i n g.（06 全国I）A.w h e n B.w h i c h C.w h e re D.w h a t18.P l e a se re
28、m i n d m e h e sa i d h e w a s go i n g.I m a y b e i n t i m e t ose e h i m o f f.（06 全国I）A.w h e re B.w h e n C.h o w D.w h a t19.W h a t d i d y o u r pa re n t s t h i n k a b o u t y o u r d e c i si o n?-T h e y a l w a y sl e t m e d o I t h i n k I sh o u l d.（全国 II）A.w h e n B.t h a t C.
29、h o w D.w h a t20.E n gi n e s a re t o m a c h i n e s h e a rt s a re t o a n i m a l s.（06f t 东）A.a s B.t h a t C.w h a t D.w h i c h21.I j u st w o n d e r t h a t m a ke s h i m so e x c i t e d.（06 f t 东）A.w h y i t d o e s B.w h a t h e d o e s C.h o w i t i s D.w h a t i t i sf e e l i n g p
30、l e a se d h e w a s a m a n o f a c t i o n.（06 湖南）22.O n e a d v a n t a ge o f pl a y i n g t h e gu i t a r i s i t c a n gi v e y o u a gre a t 30.Al o n g w i t h t h e l e t t e r w a s h i s pro m i se h e w o u l d v i si t m e t h i sd e a l o f pl e a su re.（06 上 海）c o m i n g C h ri st m
31、 a s.A.h o w B.w h y C.t h a t D.w h e n A.w h i c h B.t h a t C.w h a t D.w h e t h e r23.It s t h i rt y y e a rs si n c e w e l a st m e t.二、名词性从句典型错误-B u t T st i l l re m e m b e r t h e st o ry,b e l i e v e i t o r n o t,w e go t 1.T h a t sh e w a n t s t o kn o w i s w h i c h d re ss sh e
32、sh o u l d b u y.l o st24.o n a ra i n y n i gh t.（06 四川A.w h i c h B.t h a tT h e re i s m u c h c h a n c e）B i l lC.w h a tw i l l re c o v e r f ro mD.w h e nh i s i n j u ry i n2.3.4.He w i l l gi v e u p h i s j o b su rpri se s a l l o f u s.N o m a t t e r w h o b re a ks t h e l a w w i l l
33、 b e pu n i sh e d.If t h e m e e t i n g w i 11 b e h e l d i n o u r sc h o o l i s n o tkn o w n y e t.t i m eA.26.f o r t h e ra c e.（06 天 津）t h a t B.w h i c hT h e se sh o e s l o o k v e ry go o d.C.u n t i l1 w o n d e r.（D.i f0 6 上海春季）5.T h a t w o rri e d h e r a b i t w a s t h a t h e c
34、o u l d n,t ge tf ri e n d.6.He i s sa i d h e h a s go n e t o Am e ri c a.i n t o u c h w i t h h e rA.C.27.h o w m u c h c o st t h e y a re B.h o w m u c h t h e y c o st D.D o ri s su c c e ss l i e s i n t h e f a c t _ _h o w m u c h d o t h e y c o sth o w m u c h a re t h e y c o st_sh e i
35、s c o-o pe ra t i v e a n d e a ge r7.8.9.S h e w a s pra i se d f o r w h a t h a d sh e d o n e.He w a n t s t o kn o w I st i l l st u d y E n gl i sh.T h e re a so n w h y I w a s l a t e w a s b e c a u se I m i sse d t h e t ra i n.t o l e a rn f ro m o t h e rs.（上海春）10.I h a v e n o d o u b t
36、 i f w e sh a l l b e a b l e t o d o so m e t h i n g f o r y o u.A.w h i c h B.t h a t C.w h e n D.w h y 三、翻译下列句子，使用适当的名词性从句28.-C o u l d y o u d o m e a f a v o r?-It d e pe n d s o n i t i s.1,我们还不能确定他是否能够成功.A.w h i c h B.w h i c h e v e r C.w h a t D.w h a t e v e r 2.真奇怪，他竟没有看出自己的缺点.29.T h e o
37、 t h e r d a y,m y b ro t h e r d ro v e h i s c a r d o w n t h e st re e t a t 3.我们听到了我们队获胜这个好消息.I t h o u gh t w a s a d a n ge ro u s spe e d.4.我对他告诉我的这个消息很感兴趣.A.a s B.w h i c h C.w h a t D.t h a t 5.那就是你错的地方。编印：屠小平参考答案考点：AD AB B C B B C单项：AB D C B B B B AC B AAB C AD B D C D C B AC B C C B改错：1.
38、T h a t W h a t 2.加 T h a t 3.N o m a t t e r w h o w h o e v e r/An y o n e w h o 4.If-W h e t h e r5.T h a t W h a t 6.He It 7.h a d sh e-sh e h a d 8.kn o w 后加w h e t h e r/i f9.b e c a u se 一t h a t10.i f w h e t h e r翻译：)w e a re n o t su re w h e t h e r/i f h e w i l l su c c e e d.2.It i s st ra n ge t h a t h e sh o u l d h a v e f a i l e d t o se e h i s o w n sh o rt c o m i n g.3 W e h e a rd t h e n e w s t h a t o u r t e a m h a d w o n.4 I m i n t e re st e d i n t h e n e w s t h a t h e t o l d m e.5 T h a t s w h e re y o u a re w ro n g.