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1、外刊精读精练 压力为什么能让你变胖？导读：每天要面对来自生活、工作的压力对于很多现代人来说已是家常便饭，但随之而来的是由压力引起的健康隐患，包括睡眠不足和心脏疾病等。你知道吗，除此之外，压力还可以使人的体重增加，甚至导致肥胖？本集外刊精读讨论压力可能让人变胖的原因。一、语篇泛读Vocabulary: nutrition and health 词汇：营养和健康Have you ever had a stressful day? Many people do in the course of their daily lives. And on these high-pressure days, t
2、hey might find themselves reaching for asugary snack. Perhaps this is part of their daily routine. Or perhaps on this particular day, theirself-controlis a bit low and they feelcompelledto takea sugar hit.Stress is natural. That feeling of strain or pressure is a biological response, and under the r
3、ight circumstances can be a great source of motivation. However, too much stress, especiallychronic stress, has been linked tosleep disruption, a higher likelihood of astroke, heart-attack,ulcerordepression, among other things. But why should stress make a personcomfort eat?Dr. Giles Yeo, a member o
4、f the BBCs Trust Me, Im a Doctor team, got together with scientists from Leeds University to conduct an experiment into the effect of stress onblood sugar. Dr. Yeo was subjected to a stress test. In the first stage, he was forced to answer mathematical questions rapidly. In the second, he had to imm
5、erse his hand in a bath of ice-cold water for a period of time.Before and after these tests, the Leeds scientists would measure Dr Yeos blood sugar levels. These are the levels which rise when we eat as our body takes in the energy of the food. In a healthy person, these levels quickly return to nor
6、mal. However, when Dr Yeo was being deliberately subjected to stress, his blood sugar took six times longer to drop than on astress-freeday.When we become stressed, our bodies enter fight or flight mode. Because our body believes its under attack, it releasesglucoseinto the blood to provide energy f
7、or muscles. However, if we dont use that energy, our body then releasesinsulinto make the blood sugar levels drop. This drop causes a hunger response: you want to eat. And what you particularly crave is sugary food, which rapidly replenishes the energy you have lost. If this happens repeatedly, over
8、 a long enough period, thesehigh-caloriefoods can lead toobesity.So what can we do tocombatthestress? In an article for the BBC, Dr Michael Mosley recommends stress-busting techniques, like exercise, gardening, mindfulness or another activity that you enjoy. But his strongest recommendation is tryin
9、g to get a good nights sleep. A recent study carried out by researchers at Kings College, London found that if you deprived people of sleep, they would consume, on average, an extra 385kcal per day, which is equivalent to the calories in a large muffin. So, try sleeping to decrease stress, and as a
10、result make it easier tokeep yourselfa littletrimmer.二、词汇表sugary snack 含糖的零食self-control 自控力compelled 不得不地a sugar hit 由糖带来的一时的刺激chronic stress 慢性压力，长期不断的压力sleep disruption 睡眠中断stroke 中风heart-attack 心脏病发作ulcer 溃疡depression 抑郁，忧郁comfort eat 安慰性饮食blood sugar 血糖stress-free 无压力的glucose 葡萄糖insulin 胰岛素high
11、-calorie 高热量的obesity 肥胖combat stress 克服、对抗压力stress-busting 减压的keep yourself trimmer 使你保持苗条身材三、测试与练习阅读课文并回答问题。1. True or false:Stress is always negative.2. What has chronic stress been linked to?3. How much longer did it take Dr Yeos blood sugar to drop after the stress test than on a stress-free day
12、?4. Why do we crave sugary food in particular when our blood sugar is low?5. How can we best combat stress?请在不参考课文的情况下完成下列练习。选择一个意思合适的单词填入句子的空格处。1. John! Thats more than enough chocolate now. Youll be ill. Have some _.sugary snack self-controlblood sugar high-calorie2. Hes a kleptomaniac. It means h
13、es _ to steal. He cant help it. Its pelled chronicdisruption stress-free3. When my mother was pregnant, she really _ figs.stroke depressioncraved combatted4. With the availability of cheap high-calorie foods, the UK now has a problem with _.chronic stress sleep disruptiondepression obesity5. Since h
14、e broke up with her, Jane hasnt stopped _. Shes getting really big.sugar hitting heart-attackingcomfort eating combatting stress【参考答案】阅读课文并回答问题。1. True or false:Stress is always negative.False. That feeling of strain or pressure is a biological response, and under the right circumstances can be a gr
15、eat source of motivation.2. What has chronic stress been linked to?It has been linked to sleep disruption, a higher likelihood of a stroke, heart-attack, ulcer or depression, among other things.3. How much longer did it take Dr Yeos blood sugar to drop after the stress test than on a stress-free day
16、?When Dr Yeo was being deliberately subjected to stress, his blood sugar took six times longer to drop than on a stress-free day.4. Why do we crave sugary food in particular when our blood sugar is low?Sugary food rapidly replenishes the energy you have lost.5. How can we best combat stress?We can b
17、est combat stress by trying to get a good nights sleep.请在不参考课文的情况下完成下列练习。选择一个意思合适的单词填入句子的空格处。1. John! Thats more than enough chocolate now. Youll be ill. Have someself-control.2. Hes a kleptomaniac. It means hescompelledto steal. He cant help it. Its biological.3. When my mother was pregnant, she re
18、allycravedfigs.4. With the availability of cheap high-calorie foods, the UK now has a problem withobesity.5. Since he broke up with her, Jane hasnt stoppedcomfort eating. Shes getting really big.多晚算太晚？导读：你也许听说过“better late than never 晚来总比不来强”这个说法。那么，到底多晚算太晚？生活在不同文化背景中的人，对时间的概念、对“迟到”的定义大相径庭。本集外刊精读带你了
19、解来自不同国家的人对“迟到”的定义和看法。一、语篇泛读Vocabulary: time 词汇：时间Time flies, or so they say. No matter where you are, humans are constantly measuring and checking time. Some of us are good at it planning and doing things wayahead of time- while others are always trying tobeat the clockand do thingsat the eleventh h
20、our. And thats only if youreon time. What about if you arebehind time?Tardinesscan be serious. If you were one minute late for work, would you resign? It may sound extreme to many of us, but that is exactly what occurred in the UK upper chamber of parliament, the House of Lords, in January 2018. Int
21、ernational development minister Lord Bates arrived one minute late, and, as a result, was unable to answer ascheduledquestion. Instead of trying tomake up for lost time, as many might do, he resigned on the spot. He apologized for his discourtesy and stated that he was ashamed. His resignation, thou
22、gh, was not accepted by the UK prime minister.So, howlateis too late? Many cultures takepunctualityvery seriously, whereas others seem to acceptlaggingbehind as just the normal way of things. Members of the BBC from various different cultures were asked about the concept oftimekeepingin their native
23、 countries and responded with a raft of answers.BBC employees from Latin America, Rwanda and Sri Lanka said that there are more flexible attitudes to timekeeping in their cultures. In Latin America, things may happen five minutes, 20 minutes, an hour or even two after they were planned. Whereas, in
24、Sri Lanka, lateness is a part of the daily routine. This is because of poor infrastructure and heavy traffic conditions. In Rwanda, those who attend todeadlineswithrigidtimekeepingare said to be like a typical European. This is in a place where it is not unusual to arrive at 11am for a meeting which
25、 started at nine.On the other hand, German and Japanese employees mentioned a stricter adherence to time. In Japan, it is common to make an effort to arrivewith time to sparefor an appointment. Those who arrivedat the stroke ofnine to a meeting starting at nine a.m. would be considered late. In Germ
26、any, however, if a dinner party were to begin at eight, a person who had arrived five minutesprior, may walk around the block to ensure that they arrive at eighton the dot.It seems that the answer is subjective, and what is considered acceptable is based on culture. That said, if you dont mind waiti
27、ng, it might be best to attend your appointmentsin good time. And if the worst comes to the worst, remember the old English proverb.Better late than never.二、词汇表time flies 时光飞逝ahead of time 提前beat the clock “战胜时间”，提前完成工作，赶时间（做某事）at the eleventh hour 在最后一刻，在最后时刻on time 按时，准时behind time 迟到tardiness 延迟，
28、拖拉scheduled 已安排的make up for lost time 弥补失去的时间late 晚的，迟的punctuality准时性，守时lag 掉队，滞后timekeeping 守时deadline 截至日期，最后期限rigid timekeeping 严格的时间规定with time to spare 有富余时间at the stroke of 刚好在的时候prior 在之前on the dot 准时in good time 提早，有充裕时间的better late than never 晚来总比不来强；迟做总比不做好三、测试与练习阅读课文并回答问题。1. What did Lord
29、 Bates do when he arrived late at the House of Lords in January 2018?2. True or false:All cultures have the same attitude towards punctuality.3. Which three cultures mentioned in the text have a more flexible attitude to timekeeping?4. What would German people do if they found themselves five minute
30、s early for a party?5. Which word in the text means rudeness?请在不参考课文的情况下完成下列练习。选择一个意思合适的单词填入句子的空格处。1. Ladies and Gentlemen. Due to our speedy take off and the calm weather, I am pleased to say we are currently 15 minutes _.on time behind time late ahead of time2. If youre going to work on the railro
31、ad, youll need _. You cant be late by even half a minute.tardiness scheduledon the dot rigid timekeeping3. The register said I was late, but actually I arrived 5 minutes _ to the recorded time.in good time priorwith time to spare lagging4. They say that the ghost will appear on October 31st _ midnig
32、ht.on time scheduledat the stroke ofon the dot5. I had to quit. I loved the work, but I couldnt deal with all the _. You never had enough time to do anything.tardiness deadlineslagging in good time【参考答案】阅读课文并回答问题。1. What did Lord Bates do when he arrived one minute late at the House of Lords in Janu
33、ary 2018?He apologised for his discourtesy and stated that he was ashamed. He then resigned on the spot.2. True or false:All cultures have the same attitude towards punctuality.False. Many cultures take punctuality very seriously, whereas others seem to accept lagging behind as just the way of thing
34、s.3. Which three cultures mentioned in the text have a more flexible attitude to timekeeping?BBC employees from Latin America, Rwanda and Sri Lanka mentioned more flexible attitudes to timekeeping in their cultures.4. What might German people do if they found themselves five minutes early for a part
35、y?They may walk around the block to ensure that they arrive at eight on the dot.5. Which word in the text means rudeness?Discourtesy (He apologized for his discourtesy and stated that he was ashamed.)请在不参考课文的情况下完成下列练习。选择一个意思合适的单词填入句子的空格处。1. Ladies and Gentlemen. Due to our speedy take off and the ca
36、lm weather, I am pleased to say we are currently 15 minutesahead of time.2. If youre going to work on the railroad, youll needrigid timekeeping. You cant be late by even half a minute.3. The register said I was late, but actually I arrived 5 minutespriorto the recorded time.4. They say that the ghost will appear on October 31stat the stroke ofmidnight.5. I had to quit. I loved the work, but I couldnt deal with all thedeadlines. You never had enough time to do anything.学科网（北京）股份有限公司