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1、外刊精读精练我们为什么打哈欠？导读：请注意，点开这篇文章可能会让你打哈欠！这并不是因为我们的节目太无聊或者你会被传染上哈欠，而是因为只要我们看到别人打哈欠，甚至只是想想这个行为，都可能引发我们来一个大哈欠！但这究竟是为什么呢，本集外刊精读将会解答你的疑惑。一、语篇泛读Vocabulary: Biology 词汇:生物学Its a question that has puzzled scientists for a long time: why exactly do we yawn?In a recent breakthrough, scientists have discovered the
2、part of the brain responsible forcontagiousyawning. Its called the primarymotorcortex, and controls movement in the body. When triggered it makes us yawn. But we cant choose to yawn its aninvoluntaryimitation of other people. You know how it goes: your friend yawns, you yawn.Knowing which section of
3、 the brain is involved is only part of the answer. There is still a deeper question of why. And we dont only yawn when others do, we sometimes yawn alone.So, lets start with thephysiologicaltheories behind yawning. As far back as 400BC, GreekphysicianHippocrates speculated that yawning released harm
4、ful gases from the body, like “steam escaping from acauldron”. Hiscolourfultheory is now, sadly,discounted.A more recent idea suggests that we yawn in order to cool down the brain. Just like a busy computer processor, our brains canoverheat. Psychologist Gordon Gallup from the University at Albany h
5、as argued that the act of yawning delivers arushof oxygen to the brain, helping us think more clearly.What about the connection between yawning and tiredness? We certainly yawn more when were feeling sleepy orsluggish, but why is this? Theories that it helps give the body extra energy are largelydis
6、credited, as we dont yawn when we exercise, a time when we definitely need moreget-up-and-go!Psychologist Catriona Morrison from the University of Leeds says yawning is an ancientreflex. She told the BBC that it may have started in “the days of cavemen when someone had to be on watch all the time -
7、yawning increasescerebralblood flow so can improve alertness.”What about our friends contagious yawning? Some think itcomes down toempathy. While allvertebratemammals yawn, only humans and chimpanzees catch yawns from others. Studies have shown we yawn more frequently when in the company of close re
8、latives and friends. Could yawning actually help uscementour closest relationships?If it does, next time you yawn in company, dont feel too embarrassed. Youre just showing off yourpeople skills.二、词汇表contagious会传染的motor 肌肉运动的，运动神经的cortex （尤指大脑或其他器官的）皮层involuntary不由自主的physiological生理的physician医生（尤指内科医
9、生）cauldron（通常指架在火上的）大锅colourful有趣的，有声有色的discounted大打折扣的，有所减弱的overheat负荷过多，承载过多rush（身体的）一阵感觉sluggish行动迟缓的discredited受到怀疑的，被质疑的get-up-and-go干劲reflex本能反应cerebral 大脑的come down to归结为，归根结底在于empathy共鸣，共感vertebrate有脊椎的cement巩固（友谊）people skills人际交往能力三、测试与练习阅读课文并回答问题。1. Are we more likely to yawn in the compa
10、ny of our family or strangers?2. Why dont we think yawning gives you a rush of energy?3. True or false:Humans and chimpanzees are the only mammals which yawn.4. Which word means caused something to start?5. True or false:The author found Hippocrates idea appealing.请你在不参考课文的情况下完成下列练习。选择一个意思合适的单词填入句子的
11、空格处。1. Professor Lis theory is _. It is widely used in academia.discrediteddiscountedvalid contagious2. It really _ to you. If you want something badly enough, you can make it happen.Down come downdowns comes down3. A reflex is _ action.a voluntaryan involuntarythe voluntarya volunteer4. Tim has gre
12、at _. He always knows how to get the best out of his team.people skillsempathy skillsperson skillscerebral skills5. Wait until January to buy a new jacket and take advantage of the _.discountingdiscounteddiscounts discredit【参考答案】阅读课文并回答问题。1. Are we more likely to yawn in the company of our family or
13、 strangers?According to the article, we are more likely to yawn when with family and friends.2. Why dont we think yawning gives you a rush of energy?The theory is no longer popular because if it were true, it would mean we would yawn at times when energy is badly needed, such as during exercise.3. T
14、rue or false:Humans and chimpanzees are the only mammals which yawn.False. The article says all vertebrate mammals yawn, but its only contagious in humans and chimpanzees. 4.Which word means caused something to start?Triggered.5. True or false:The author found Hippocrates idea appealing.True. The au
15、thor seems to like Hippocrates idea, calling it “colourful” and saying it was “sad” it was no longer accepted.请你在不参考课文的情况下完成下列练习。选择一个意思合适的单词填入句子的空格处。1. Professor Lis theory isvalid. It is widely used in academia.2. It reallycomes downto you. If you want something badly enough, you can make it happen
16、.3. A reflex isan involuntaryaction.4. Tim has greatpeople skills. He always knows how to get the best out of his team.5. Wait until January to buy a new jacket and take advantage of thediscounts.高空飞行对情绪的影响导读：你知道在哪里能看到成年男人抱头痛哭吗？答案是：在2400米的高空中。飞机客舱有什么独特的力量能使男人们变得那么容易动情呢？在飞行过程中看电影为什么会让我们那么大喜大悲呢？本集外刊精读
17、讨论飞行对人们情绪的影响。一、语篇泛读Vocabulary: Emotions 词汇: 情绪Ill let you into a secret. Theres a place that gets me every time: whenever Im there,I cant help butwell up. Where is this tear-inducing location? Its thousands of metres high in the sky, in thecabinof an aeroplane. Especially when theres atrashyromantic
18、 comedy on.Why am I admitting this now? Because apparently, Im not alone. EnglishcroonerEd Sheeran confesses to getting all emotional when flying too. Andget this: a survey carried out by Gatwick Airport in London found that 15% of men confess theyre more likely to cry during films in planes than wa
19、tching at home. And 41% of men owned up toburyingthemselves in the blankets to hide their tears in a separate survey by Virgin Atlantic. In all, 55% of air travellers in the Virgin study claimed they experienceheightened emotionswhen flying.So, whats going on? How does air traveltap intoour hidden e
20、motions? A study from the Netherlands has shown adults cry due to feelings of separation, loneliness or powerlessness. All of these are easily experienced when flying: youre far from family, often alone, and have no control over the aircrafts flight.Another theory relates to the lack of distraction.
21、 When youre strapped into your seat in a sealed cabin in the sky, theres not a lot you can do. So we are able toinvestourselves more fully into the movies we watch.Then theres the physical space. Air pressure and oxygen levels are lower, and this can affect our mental state. Conditions in an aeropla
22、ne resemble those at analtitudeof 2,400m. The reduced oxygen at this height can affect the brain. According to a study by the US Institute of Medicine: “the initial mood experienced at altitude iseuphoria, followed by depression.”And what about the movies themselves? Virgin say topculpritsincludetea
23、rjerkerssuch as Billy Elliot, Eat Pray Love and, at number one position, Toy Story 3. Their emotionalfirepowereven caused the aeroplane to slaptongue-in-cheek“emotional health warnings” on select movies back in 2011.Virgin Atlantic film criticJason Solomonssaid at the time, On a flight, wereisolated
24、, leaving loved ones or aching to be reunited with them. Were nervous, were tired, we might have had a drink at a time we usually wouldnt, and if we see an image, a scene that reflects ouremotional state, frankly weresuckers. Flying and films is a headycocktail.二、词汇表I cant help but我情不自禁地，我忍不住well up
25、（眼泪）涌出cabin客舱trashy质量低劣的crooner情歌歌手（通常指男歌手）get this（固定搭配）听听这个bury埋藏heightened emotions高亢的情绪tap into进入，深入了解invest投入altitude海拔高度euphoria亢奋，异常兴奋culprit罪魁祸首tearjerker催人泪下的电影（书、戏剧等）firepower火力tongue-in-cheek开玩笑地isolated隔离的，孤独的emotional state情绪状态sucker容易上当受骗的人cocktail混合物，鸡尾酒三、测试与练习1.阅读课文并回答问题。1. Where doe
26、s the author always cry?2. True or false: men cry 41% more often when in planes. 3. Why does the brain behave differently when flying thousands of metres high in a plane?4. Which word means wishing for something so much it hurts? 5. True or false:Virgin Atlantic were genuinely worried for the emotio
27、nal wellbeing of their passengers.2.请你在不参考课文的情况下完成下列练习。选择一个意思合适的单词填入句子的空格处。1. Sue felt _ after she finished the marathon. She was so happy.heightened euphoric isolated tongue-in-cheek2. Steve never deals with problems. He prefers to _ his head in the sand.heady well up croon bury3. That book was a r
28、eal _. I cried all the way through.sucker tear-inducer tearjerker weller upper4. I dont feel very _ in this project. I think if I left it, no one would notice.invested buried trashy isolated5. The experiment was designed to _ our deepest, darkest fears.tap into invest get tap out of【参考答案】阅读课文并回答问题。1
29、. Where does the author always cry?The author always cries when in an aeroplane, especially when watching trashy movies.2. True or false:men cry 41% more often when in planes.False. The 41% figure refers to the number of men who hide their crying. We dont know the percentage who cry more often in ge
30、neral, but those who cry more often when watching films is 15%.3. Why does the brain behave differently when flying thousands of metres high in a plane?The cabin has lower air pressure and oxygen levels than the outside world, which can make the brain feel greater extremes such as euphoria and depre
31、ssion.4.Which word means wishing for something so much it hurts?Aching. If you are aching for loved ones, you really want to see them.5. True or false:Virgin Atlantic were genuinely worried for the emotional wellbeing of their passengers.False. Their emotional health warning campaign was tongue-in-c
32、heek. In other words, it was just for fun.请你在不参考课文的情况下完成下列练习。选择一个意思合适的单词填入句子的空格处。1. Sue felteuphoricafter she finished the marathon. She was so happy.2. Steve never deals with problems. He prefers toburyhis head in the sand.3. That book was a realtearjerker. I cried all the way through.4. I dont feel veryinvestedin this project. I think if I left it, no one would notice.5. The experiment was designed totap intoour deepest, darkest fears.学科网（北京）股份有限公司