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1、外刊精读精练压力为什么能让你变胖？导读：每天要面对来自生活、工作的压力对于很多现代人来说已是家常便饭， 但随之而来的是由压力引起的健康隐患，包括睡眠不足和心脏疾病等。你 知道吗，除此之外，压力还可以使人的体重增加，甚至导致肥胖？本集外 刊精读讨论压力可能让人变胖的原因。一、语篇泛读Vocabulary: nutrition and health 词汇：营养和健康Have you ever had a stressful day? Many people do in the course of their daily lives. And on these high-pressure days,
2、 they might find themselves reaching for a sugary snack. Perhaps this is part of their daily routine. Or perhaps on this particular day, their self-control is a bit low and they feel compelled to take a sugar hit.Stress is natural. That feeling of strain or pressure is a biological response, and und
3、er the right circumstances can be a great source of motivation. However, too much stress, especially chronic stress, has been linked to sleep disruption, a higher likelihood of a stroke, heart-attack, ulcer or depression, among other things. But why should stress make a person comfort eat?Dr. Giles
4、Yeo, a member of the BBCs Trust Me, Im a Doctor team, got together with scientists from Leeds University to conduct an experiment into the effect of stress on blood sugar. Dr. Yeo was subjected to a stress test. In the first stage, he was forced to answer mathematical questions rapidly. In the secon
5、d, he had to immerse his hand in a bath of ice-cold water for a period of time.2. True or false: All cultures have the same attitude towards punctuality.False. Many cultures take punctuality very seriously, whereas others seem to accept lagging behind as just the way of things.3. Which three culture
6、s mentioned in the text have a more flexible attitude to timekeeping?BBC employees from Latin America, Rwanda and Sri Lanka mentioned more flexible attitudes to timekeeping in their cultures.4. What might German people do if they found themselves five minutes early for a party?They may walk around t
7、he block to ensure that they arrive at eight on the dot.5. Which word in the text means rudeness?,Discourtesy* (He apologized for his discourtesy and stated that he was ashamed.)请在不参考课文的情况下完成下列练习。选择一个意思合适的单词填 入句子的空格处。1. Ladies and Gentlemen. Due to our speedy take off and the calm weather, I am plea
8、sed to say we are currently 15 minutes ahead of time.2. If youre going to work on the railroad, youll need rigid timekeeping. You cant be late by even half a minute.3. The register said I was late, but actually I arrived 5 minutes prior to the recorded time.4. They say that the ghost will appear on
9、October 31st at the stroke of midnight.5. I had to quit. I loved the work, but I couldnt deal with all the deadlines. You never had enough time to do anything.Before and after these tests, the Leeds scientists would measure DrYeos blood sugar levels. These are the levels which rise when we eat as ou
10、r body takes in the energy of the food. In a healthy person, these levels quickly return to normal. However, when Dr Yeo was being deliberately subjected to stress, his blood sugar took six times longer to drop than on a stress-free day.When we become stressed, our bodies enter fight or flight mode.
11、 Because our body believes its under attack, it releases glucose into the blood to provide energy for muscles. However, if we dont use that energy, our body then releases insulin to make the blood sugar levels drop. This drop causes a hunger response: you want to eat. And what you particularly crave
12、 is sugary food, which rapidly replenishes the energy you have lost. If this happens repeatedly, over a long enough period, these high-calorie foods can lead to obesity.So what can we do to combat the stress? In an article for the BBC, Dr Michael Mosley recommends stress-busting7 techniques, like ex
13、ercise, gardening, mindfulness or another activity that you enjoy. But his strongest recommendation is trying to get a good nights sleep. A recent study carried out by researchers at Kings College, London found that if you deprived people of sleep, they would consume, on average, an extra 385kcal pe
14、r day, which is equivalent to the calories in a large muffin. So, try sleeping to decrease stress, and as a result make it easier to keep yourself a little trimmer.二、词汇表sugary snack含糖的零食self-control 自控力compelled不得不地a sugar hit由糖带来的一时的刺激chronic stress慢性压力，长期不断的压力sleep disruption 睡眠中断stroke中风heart-att
15、ack心脏病发作ulcer溃疡depression抑郁，忧郁comfort eat安慰性饮食blood sugar 血糖stress-free无压力的glucose葡萄糖insulin 胰岛素high-calorie高热量的obesity 肥胖combat stress克服、对抗压力stress-busting 减压的keep yourself trimmer使你保持苗条身材三、测试与练习阅读课文并回答问题。1. True or false: Stress is always negative.2. What has chronic stress been linked to?3. How m
16、uch longer did it take Dr Yeos blood sugar to drop after the stress test than on a stress-free day?4. Why do we crave sugary food in particular when our blood sugar is low?5. How can we best combat stress?请在不参考课文的情况下完成下列练习。选择一个意思合适的单词填 入句子的空格处。1. John! Thats more than enough chocolate now. Youll be
17、ill. Have some.sugary snack self-controlblood sugar high-calorie2. Hes a kleptomaniac. It means hesto steal. He cant help it.Its pelledchronicdisruptionstress-free3. When my mother was pregnant, she reallyfigs.strokedepressioncravedcombatted4. With the availability of cheap high-calorie foods, the U
18、K now has a problem with.chronic stress sleep disruptiondepressionobesity5. Since he broke up with her, Jane hasnt stopped. Shesgetting really big.sugar hittingheart-attackingcomfort eating combatting stress【参考答案】阅读课文并回答问题。1. True or false: Stress is always negative.False. That feeling of strain or
19、pressure is a biological response, and under the right circumstances can be a great source of motivation.2. What has chronic stress been linked to?It has been linked to sleep disruption, a higher likelihood of a stroke, heart-attack, ulcer or depression, among other things.3. How much longer did it
20、take Dr Yeos blood sugar to drop after the stress test than on a stress-free day?When Dr Yeo was being deliberately subjected to stress, his blood sugar took six times longer to drop than on a stress-free day.4. Why do we crave sugary food in particular when our blood sugar is low?Sugary food rapidl
21、y replenishes the energy you have lost.5. How can we best combat stress?We can best combat stress by trying to get a good nights sleep.请在不参考课文的情况下完成下列练习。选择一个意思合适的单词填 入句子的空格处。1. John! That/s more than enough chocolate now. Youll be ill. Have some self-control.2. Hes a kleptomaniac. It means hes compe
22、lled to steal. He cant help it. Its biological.3. When my mother was pregnant, she really craved figs.4. With the availability of cheap high-calorie foods, the UK now has a problem with obesity.5. Since he broke up with her, Jane hasnt stopped comfort eating. She,s getting really big.多晚算太晚？导读：你也许听说过
23、better late than never晚来总比不来强这个说法。那么， 到底多晚算太晚？生活在不同文化背景中的人，对时间的概念、对“迟到 的定义大相径庭。本集外刊精读带你了解来自不同国家的人对“迟到 的定义和看法。一、语篇泛读Vocabulary: time 词汇：时间Time flies, or so they say. No matter where you are, humans are constantly measuring and checking time. Some of us are good at it - planning and doing things way a
24、head of time - while others are always trying to beat the clock and do things at the eleventh hour. And thats only if youre on time. What about if you are behind time?Tardiness can be serious. If you were one minute late for work, would you resign? It may sound extreme to many of us, but that is exa
25、ctly what occurred in the UK upper chamber of parliament, the House of Lords, in January 2018. International development minister Lord Bates arrived one minute late, and, as a result, was unable to answer a scheduled question. Instead of trying to make up for lost time, as many might do, he resigned
26、 on the spot. He apologized for his discourtesy and stated that he was ashamed. His resignation, though, was not accepted by the UK prime minister.So, how late is too late? Many cultures take punctuality very seriously, whereas others seem to accept lagging behind as just the normal way of things. M
27、embers of the BBC from various different cultures were asked about the concept of timekeeping in their native countries and responded with a raft of answers.BBC employees from Latin America, Rwanda and Sri Lanka said that there are more flexible attitudes to timekeeping in their cultures. In LatinAm
28、erica, things may happen five minutes, 20 minutes, an hour or even two after they were planned. Whereas, in Sri Lanka, lateness is a part of the daily routine. This is because of poor infrastructure and heavy traffic conditions. In Rwanda, those who attend to deadlines with rigid timekeeping are sai
29、d to be like a typical European*. This is in a place where it is not unusual to arrive at 11am for a meeting which started at nine.On the other hand, German and Japanese employees mentioned a stricter adherence to time. In Japan, it is common to make an effort to arrive with time to spare for an app
30、ointment. Those who arrived at the stroke of nine to a meeting starting at nine a.m. would be considered late. In Germany, however, if a dinner party were to begin at eight, a person who had arrived five minutes prior, may walk around the block to ensure that they arrive at eight on the dot.It seems
31、 that the answer is subjective, and what is considered acceptable is based on culture. That said, if you dont mind waiting, it might be best to attend your appointments in good time. And if the worst comes to the worst, remember the old English proverb. Better late than never.二、词汇表time flies时光飞逝ahea
32、d of time 提前beat the clock 战胜时间提前完成工作，赶时间（做某事）at the eleventh hour在最后一刻，在最后时刻on time按时，准时behind time 迟至！tardiness延迟，拖拉scheduled已安排的make up for lost time弥补失去的时间late晚的,迟的punctuality准时性,守时lag掉队，滞后timekeeping 守时deadline截至日期,最后期限rigid timekeeping严格的时间规定with time to spare有富余时间at the stroke of刚好在的时候prior在之
33、前on the dot 准时in good time提早，有充裕时间的better late than never晚来总比不来强；迟做总比不做好三、测试与练习阅读课文并回答问题。1. What did Lord Bates do when he arrived late at the House of Lords in January 2018?2. True or false: All cultures have the same attitude towards punctuality.3. Which three cultures mentioned in the text have a
34、 more flexible attitude to timekeeping?4. What would German people do if they found themselves five minutes early for a party?5. Which word in the text means rudeness?请在不参考课文的情况下完成下列练习。选择一个意思合适的单词填 入句子的空格处。1. Ladies and Gentlemen. Due to our speedy take off and the calm weather, I am pleased to say
35、we are currently 15 minutes.on time behind timelate ahead of time2. If youre going to work on the railroad, youll need. You cantbe late by even half a minute.tardiness scheduledon the dot rigid timekeeping3. The register said I was late, but actually I arrived 5 minutes to the recorded time.in good
36、time priorwith time to spare lagging4. They say that the ghost will appear on October 31stmidnight.on time scheduledat the stroke ofon the dot5. I had to quit. I loved the work, but I couldnt deal with all the.You never had enough time to do anything.tardiness deadlineslagging in good time【参考答案】阅读课文并回答问题。1. What did Lord Bates do when he arrived one minute late at the House of Lords in January 2018?He apologised for his discourtesy and stated that he was ashamed. He then resigned on the spot.