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1、九年级中考英语语法知识梳理连系动词连系动词又称系动词,是表示主语身份、性质、状态的动词。连系动词在句子中不能单独作谓语,总是与后面作表语的名词、形容词、代词或分词一起构成系表结构,集体充当句子的谓语。连系动词只有主动式,没有被动式。如:His father is an English teacher.他父亲是个英语老师。The cakes my mother cooked taste delicious.我妈妈做的蛋糕很好吃。连系动词的5种类型连系动词根据其性质可分为状态系动词、持续系动词、表象系动词、感官系动词和变化系动词五种类型。1.状态系动词表示人或事物状态的系动词称为状态系动词。状态系
2、动词只有一个be。连系动词be有五种形式,即am,is,are和was,were。2.持续系动词表示主语可以持续并保持一种状态或态度的系动词称为持续系动词。常用的持续系动词有keep和stay。3.表象系动词表示“看起来;看上去;似乎;好像”等意义的系动词称为表象系动词。常用的表象系动词有:look看上去;看起来;seem似乎;好像。4.感官系动词某种现象或结果是由感觉器官所产生系动词称为感官系动词。常用的感官系动词有:smell闻起来,taste尝起来,sound听上去,feel摸上去。5.变化系动词表示主语变得怎么样的连系动词称为变化系动词。变化连系动词主要有:get,become,tur
3、n,grow,fall,go,come等,它们都表示“变;变得”的意思。连系动词的用法1.连系动词be的用法be是最常用的连系动词,用来表示人或事物的状态。一般现在时态用am,is,are。其中am只用于主语第一人称单数I 的后面,可以与主语缩写为Im;is用于主语是第三人称单数的名词或代词的后面,可以与代词主语缩写为“-s”,如hes,shes,its等;are用于主语是第二人称单数及各人称复数的名词或代词的后面,可以与代词主语缩写为“-re”,如youre,were,theyre等。一般过去时态用was,were。其中was用于主语为第一人称和第三人称单数名词或代词的后面;were用于第二
4、人称单数名词或代词及各人称复数的名词或代词的后面。连系动词be后的表语通常是名词、代词、形容词、介词短语等。(1)形容词作表语。如:He is healthy.他身体健康。(2)名词作表语。如:I am an English student.我是个英国学生。(3)代词作表语。如:The bike is mine.那辆自行车是我的。(4)介词短语作表语。如:My parents are at home today.我父母今天在家里。(5)副词作表语。如:The man is here.这个人就在这里。(6)动词不定式作表语。如:The problem is to find the right h
5、ouse.问题是要找到合适的房子。歌诀巧记 be的用法歌诀:我(I)用am你(you)用are,is用于他(he)她(she)它(it);单数名词用is,遇到复数全用are。2.连系动词keep与stay的用法keep和stay用作连系动词,意为“保持”,其后的表语通常是形容词。如:He always kept silent at the meeting.他开会时总是保持沉默。We should exercise every day to stay healthy .为了保持健康我们应当每天锻炼。注意:stay与keep作连系动词可以通用,stay侧重保持原来状态不作任何变化,keep侧重保持
6、目前这种状态,特别是通过某种方式使之持续较长的时间。如:Its important to stay healthy because without good health,people almost can do nothing.保持健康很重要,因为没有健康人们不能做任何事。You should eat more vegetables to keep healthy.为了保持健康,你应当多吃蔬菜。3.连系动词look,seem的用法look用作连系动词意为“看起来;看上去”,指通过视觉而得出的印象。其后的表语通常是形容词,也可以用介词like引起的短语作表语;seem用作系动词意为“似乎;好像
7、”,通常指有一定根据的内心判断,这种判断往往与实际情况比较接近。其后的表语通常是形容词或动词不定式。如:He looks tired.他看上去很累。The girl looks like her mother.那女孩看上去像她妈妈。He seems (to be)very sad.他似乎很伤心。4.连系动词smell,taste,sound,feel的用法smell作连系动词意为“闻起来”;taste表示“尝起来”;sound表示“听起来”;feel表示“摸起来;感觉”。这些连系动词的后面要用形容词作表语,但sound后也可以用like引起的介词短语作表语。如:This food smells
8、 nice.这食品闻起来很香。Beijing Duck tastes delicious.北京烤鸭吃起来美味可口。That sounds interesting.那听起来很有意思。It sounds like the singing of a bird.那听起来就像鸟儿在唱歌。This kind of cloth feels very soft.这种布摸上去很柔软。5.连系动词get,become,turn,grow,fall,go,come等的用法get,become,turn,grow,fall,go,come表示“变得”的意思时为连系动词,用来说明主语“变得怎么样”或“变成什么样”。除b
9、ecome外,其后通常用形容词作表语。如:When spring comes,days get longer and longer.春天到来时,白天变得越来越长。He became mad after that.自那之后他变疯了。When spring comes,the trees turn green.春天来了,树变绿了。It was growing dark.天色渐渐暗下来。The child soon fell asleep.孩子很快睡着了。The milk goes sour after a long time.牛奶经过很长时间就变酸了。Eggs can go bad easily
10、in summer.夏季,鸡蛋容易变坏。The children must not go hungry.孩子们不应挨饿。Wrong never comes right.错的永远不会变成对的。注意:become多指身份、职位等的变化,强调变化的过程已经完成,后面可接名词、形容词、过去分词作表语。如:Later the boy became an artist.后来那男孩成为一名画家。They became great friends.他们成了莫逆之交。She became very fond of her.她变得非常喜欢她了。Her mother became angry when she he
11、ard the news.她妈妈听到这个消息时非常生气。At last the truth became known to us.我们终于知道了真相。The room soon became crowded.房间很快变得拥挤起来。turn指在颜色和性质等方面与以前的完全不同,强调变化的结果。如:Leaves turned brown in the mountains.山里的树叶已变成了棕色。表示人的生理变化通常用go。如:go blind变瞎;go deaf变聋;go grey两鬓渐白;但是go通常不与old,ill,tired等连用,遇此情况要用其他连系动词:grow/get old变老,f
12、all/become ill (sick)生病,get/feel tired疲劳等。grow主要表示逐渐变化,强调变化的过程。如:It began to grow dark.天色渐渐黑了。The sea is growing calm.大海变得平静起来。The pollution problem is growing serious.污染问题日见严峻。come和go作连系动词,之后所接形容词通常各有其特点,有时还可从好坏方面去区别:即 come用于“好”的变化,go用于“坏”的变化。如:The meat has gone bad.这肉变味了。Something has gone wrong w
13、ith the radio.这收音机什么地方出了毛病。Things will come right.一切会顺利地进行。Her dream has come true.她的梦想实现了。get多用于口语,表示一种变化过程,强调的是“渐渐变得”,后常接形容词的比较级。如:Its getting darker and darker outside.户外天色越来越暗。In winter the days get shorter.冬季白天变得较短。【习题速递】1. The air _ fresh after the rain.And the sky is blue.A.feels B.tastes C.s
14、mells D.sounds2. When spring comes,trees begin to _ green.A.sound B.taste C.keep D.turn3. Would you like to try some pizza? Yes,please.It _ lovely and _ nice.A.sounds;sees B.hears;turnsC.looks;smells D.sounds;watches4. The oranges _ sweet. Of course.They are from Yongxing,Chenzhou.A.taste B.eat C.dr
15、ink5. Good morning.Id like a birthday gift for my mother. What about this scarf?It is beautiful and it _ soft and smooth.A.feels B.looks C.seems D.becomes【答案点拨】1.答案:C 句意:雨后空气新鲜,天空蔚蓝。根据句意,空气新鲜应用鼻子闻,故选A。2.答案:D 句意:春天来临,树木开始变绿。表示“变绿”用连系动词turn,故选D。3.答案:C 句意:“你想尝一些比萨吗?”“谢谢,它看上去很好,闻起来很香。”表示“看上去”用look,表示“闻起
16、来”用smell。故选C。4.答案:A 句意:“那橘子吃起来很甜。”“当然,它们来自郴州永兴。”由空白处后的形容词sweet可知,前面用连系动词作表语。故选A。5.答案:A 句意:“早上好,我想为母亲买个生日礼物。”“这条围巾怎么样?它很漂亮,摸起来柔软顺滑。” 表示“摸起来”用feel。故选A。【语法专练 体验中考】1. Mum,what are you cooking in the kitchen?It _ so good! Fried noodles.A.smells B.tastes C.sounds2. Why do you _ so upset? Because I didnt g
17、et the first place in the English competition.A.look B.sound C.smell D.feel3. 3-D printing could be used to build a house in less than 24 hours. It _ amazing.Its my first time to get to know this.A.sounds B.smells C.tastes4. This bed _ soft and comfortable.A.sounds B.tastes C.feels D.smells5. When t
18、he boy heard the words,his face _ red.A.got B.turned C.changed6. The pizza smells _.Let me have one first.A.well B.good C.bad7. The cake tastes _ and it is really delicious.A.well B.badly C.good D.bad8. Would you like some Wenchang Chicken?It _ delicious. Yes,please.Its my favourite.A.sounds B.taste
19、s C.feels9. What about the blue skirt on the right? I think it will _ nice on you.A.feel B.look C.taste D.sound10. There are dark clouds,and the wind is blowing strongly. It _ that a typhoon is coming.A.feels B.sounds C.seems D.looks11. What a beautiful song!It _ so sweet.A.feels B.sounds C.tastes D.smells【答案速递】1.A 2.A 3.A 4.C 5.B 6.B 7.C 8.B 9.B 10.C 11.B学科网(北京)股份有限公司