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1、AttributiveClause定语从句定语从句一、基本概念：用作定语的从句叫做定语从句，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。定语从句一般紧跟在先行词之后，引导定语从句的词叫关系词。eg1:The man who lives next to us is a teacher.先行词先行词 关系词关系词 定语从句，放于先行词之定语从句，放于先行词之后后主句：The man is a teacher.eg2:The book that you want is on the desk.先行词先行词 关系词关系词主句：The book is on the desk.二、关系词的用法：关系
2、词关系词关系词的作用关系词的作用：1、关系代词、关系代词2、关系副词、关系副词:1）指人：）指人：that,who,whom,whose2）指物：）指物：that,which,whose3）指某一情况：）指某一情况：which,as1、引导定语从句；、引导定语从句；2、代替先行词；、代替先行词；3、在定语从句中充当成份。、在定语从句中充当成份。when,where,why（一）（一）关系代词的用法关系代词的用法：1、指人、指人：whowhomthatwhoseExamples:Sheisthegirl_sellsflowers.Hereistheman_youarelookingfor.Iha
3、veafriend_fatherisadoctor.=thefatherofwhom=ofwhomthefather主语主语主语主语/宾语（口语中）（宾语（口语中）（宾语（口语中）（宾语（口语中）（能引导非限）能引导非限）能引导非限）能引导非限）宾语宾语宾语宾语（能引导非限）（能引导非限）（能引导非限）（能引导非限）主语主语主语主语/宾语宾语宾语宾语（不能引导非限）（不能引导非限）（不能引导非限）（不能引导非限）定语（定语（定语（定语（=of whom=of whom）（能引导非限）能引导非限）能引导非限）能引导非限）who/thatwhom/who/that whose)(2、指物、指物：t
4、hatwhichwhoseExamples:Footballisagame_islikedbymostboys.Thisisthepen_Iboughtyesterday.Ilikethebook_coverisred.=Ilikethebook_thecoverisred.=Ilikethebook,_isred.主语主语主语主语/宾语宾语宾语宾语（不能引导非限）（不能引导非限）（不能引导非限）（不能引导非限）主语主语主语主语/宾语宾语宾语宾语 （能引导非限）（能引导非限）（能引导非限）（能引导非限）定语定语定语定语（相当于（相当于（相当于（相当于of whichof which）which
5、/that()which/thatwhoseof whichthe cover of which 3、as、which可指某一情况可指某一情况：引导引导非非限定性定语从句，指整个主句的内容限定性定语从句，指整个主句的内容aswhichExamples:Tomsuddenlyfellill,_madeussad._weallknow,theearthisround.=Theearthisround,asweallknow.一般放于主句前或主句后，意为一般放于主句前或主句后，意为一般放于主句前或主句后，意为一般放于主句前或主句后，意为“正如正如正如正如，据，据，据，据”只放于主句后，只放于主句后，
6、只放于主句后，只放于主句后，不可放于句首不可放于句首不可放于句首不可放于句首whichAs注：关系代词只能用注：关系代词只能用that的几种情况的几种情况1 1、先行词既有人又有物；、先行词既有人又有物；、先行词既有人又有物；、先行词既有人又有物；eg:He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited.2 2、先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级时；、先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级时；、先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级时；、先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级时；eg:You are the first person that I wa
7、nt to see.3 3、先行词被、先行词被、先行词被、先行词被theonly,thenext,thelast,thevery,any,little,notheonly,thenext,thelast,thevery,any,little,no等修饰时等修饰时等修饰时等修饰时；eg:This is the very pen that I am looking for.4 4、先行词是、先行词是、先行词是、先行词是all,none,something,anything,nothingall,none,something,anything,nothing等不定代词等不定代词等不定代词等不定代词时
8、；时；时；时；eg:Is there anything thatyou want in the shop?5 5、主句是以、主句是以、主句是以、主句是以who/whichwho/which开头的特殊疑问句时开头的特殊疑问句时开头的特殊疑问句时开头的特殊疑问句时。eg:Who is the girl thatis singing in the room?6 6、先行词在主句中作表语、先行词在主句中作表语、先行词在主句中作表语、先行词在主句中作表语,且关系代词在定语从句中作表语时，用且关系代词在定语从句中作表语时，用且关系代词在定语从句中作表语时，用且关系代词在定语从句中作表语时，用thattha
9、t。eg:Heisnotthemanthathewastenyearsago.2.2.当先行词为当先行词为that that 指物时指物时,用用whichwhich1.1.在非限制性定语从句中在非限制性定语从句中,关系代词用关系代词用whichwhich不用不用thatthat的情况的情况:3.3.在在“介词关系代词介词关系代词”用用whichwhich4.4.避免语义混淆时；例如：避免语义混淆时；例如：ThereTheres only one teacher in the s only one teacher in the school which I want to see.school
10、which I want to see.用用who(mwho(m)不用不用thatthat的情况的情况1 1、介词后；、介词后；2 2、非限制性定语从句中，避免用、非限制性定语从句中，避免用thatthat；3 3、避免语义混淆时；例如：、避免语义混淆时；例如：Theres only one teacher in the school Theres only one teacher in the school whowho I want to I want to see.see.4 4、先行词为、先行词为thosethose、peoplepeople、anyoneanyone、oneone、o
11、nesones等时，等时，多用多用whowho；5 5、在、在、在、在therebetherebe开头的句子中；开头的句子中；开头的句子中；开头的句子中；6、当一个句子含有两个定语从句，且先行词是人时，、当一个句子含有两个定语从句，且先行词是人时，如果一个用了关系代词如果一个用了关系代词that时，另一个宜用时，另一个宜用who。（二）关系副词的用法（二）关系副词的用法：when,where,why1、when,在从句中作在从句中作时间状语时间状语，先行词是，先行词是表时间表时间的的n.。eg:Illneverforgettheday_Ijoinedthearmy.2、where,在从句中作在
12、从句中作地点状语地点状语，先行词是，先行词是表地点表地点的的n.。eg:Tianjinistheplace_Iwasborn.3、why,在从句中作在从句中作原因状语原因状语，先行词是，先行词是reason.eg:Doyouknowthereason_hewaslate?另：另：Theway(that/inwhich)weusecomputernowmaybequitedifferentfromthatinthefuture.=介词介词+which口语中可用口语中可用that代替代替when/on whichwhere/in whichwhy/for which先行词是表先行词是表时间时间、地
13、点地点、原因原因的名词，引的名词，引导定语从句是用关系副词还是关系代词，导定语从句是用关系副词还是关系代词，要要看关系词在从句中充当的成份看关系词在从句中充当的成份。若。若充当充当状语状语，则，则用关系副词用关系副词；若；若充当主语、宾语和充当主语、宾语和表语表语，则，则用关系代词用关系代词。eg:Thisisthefactory_myfatherworkedlastyear.Thisisthefactory_wevisitedyesterday.注意：注意：where/in which(which/that)（三）（三）“介词介词+关系代词关系代词”用法用法：“介词介词+关系代词关系代词”既
14、可引导限定性定语从句，也既可引导限定性定语从句，也可引导非限定性定语从句；关系代词可以是可引导非限定性定语从句；关系代词可以是whom（指人）（指人）或或which（指物）（指物）。eg:Imtalkingtotheman.Themanismyteacher.（合二为一（合二为一,theman作主语）作主语）Theman(who/whom/that)Iamtalkingtoismyteacher.ThemantowhomIamtalkingismyteacher.补充：补充：先行词被先行词被such,thesame,as,so修饰时，通常用修饰时，通常用as引引导定语从句。导定语从句。先行词是
15、先行词是way/manner（方式）且定语从句（方式）且定语从句差状语差状语时，时，关系词用关系词用that/inwhich,也可也可省略省略。在在“oneofthe+复数名词复数名词+定语从句定语从句”结构中，定语从结构中，定语从句中的谓语动词用复数形式，与复数名词在数上保持一句中的谓语动词用复数形式，与复数名词在数上保持一致。但若致。但若one之前有之前有theonly,thevery,the,this等限等限定词时，从句的谓语动词用定词时，从句的谓语动词用单数单数形式。形式。Heisoneoftheboyswhoarefromabroad.Heistheonlyoneoftheboysw
16、hoisfromabroad.总结总结【选择关系词的原则选择关系词的原则】看先行词是什么看先行词是什么看先行词是什么看先行词是什么：是人、物、时间、地点、原因还是方式；是人、物、时间、地点、原因还是方式；看定语从句里差什么句子成分：看定语从句里差什么句子成分：看定语从句里差什么句子成分：看定语从句里差什么句子成分：差主、宾、表、定还是状语；差主、宾、表、定还是状语；看整个句子意思和结构：确定是否是定语从句，以区别于其他看整个句子意思和结构：确定是否是定语从句，以区别于其他 从句或强调结构等；从句或强调结构等；看特例：须用看特例：须用that、which、as等的各自情况。等的各自情况。【介词选
17、择的原则介词选择的原则】看习惯搭配可上下文意思。看习惯搭配可上下文意思。1、根据介词与先行词的习惯搭配；、根据介词与先行词的习惯搭配；2、根据定语从句里、根据定语从句里 v/adj 短语的习惯搭配；短语的习惯搭配；3、根据整个句子意思，结合介词的词义进行选择。、根据整个句子意思，结合介词的词义进行选择。4、介词、介词+关系代词可以代换成相应的关系副词关系代词可以代换成相应的关系副词when、where、why，但如果代换后会引起句意模糊，则不能代换。，但如果代换后会引起句意模糊，则不能代换。as/whichas/which引导非限制性定语从句代替整个主句时的区别引导非限制性定语从句代替整个主句
18、时的区别1 1、asas有有“正如、就象正如、就象”之意之意，强调主、从句内容上，强调主、从句内容上“一致性一致性”；3 3、如果强调主句和从句之间的如果强调主句和从句之间的因果关系或内容不一因果关系或内容不一致时，多用致时，多用whichwhich（有时可（有时可=and this/that)=and this/that);4 4、asas引导非限定可以位于引导非限定可以位于主句前、主句后、主句中主句前、主句后、主句中主句前、主句后、主句中主句前、主句后、主句中；whichwhich只能位于只能位于主句后主句后。As is often the case,he is late again.As
19、 is often the case,he is late again.He came late again,He came late again,whichwhich made his teacher very made his teacher very angry.angry.He got first prize,He got first prize,whichwhich was unexpected.was unexpected.asas had been expected.had been expected.=and this=and this定语从句与强调句区别定语从句与强调句区别定
20、语从句与强调句区别定语从句与强调句区别1 1、强调句、强调句去掉强调结构后句子结构仍然完整去掉强调结构后句子结构仍然完整，即被强调，即被强调部分在强调结构去掉后能独立充当句子成分；部分在强调结构去掉后能独立充当句子成分；否则应该是否则应该是定语从句定语从句；2 2、通常看名词前、通常看名词前是否有介词是否有介词是否有介词是否有介词，如果有，是强调句，否则，如果有，是强调句，否则是定语从句；是定语从句；4 4、从意义上看，强调句有、从意义上看，强调句有“正是，就是正是，就是”之意；如果是之意；如果是定语从句，定语从句，“it”it”是人称代词，意思是是人称代词，意思是“它它”；It wasIt
21、was inin 18931893 thatthat Mao Zedong was born in a small village.Mao Zedong was born in a small village.It was It was 18931893 whenwhen Mao Zedong was born in a small village.Mao Zedong was born in a small village.It was It was a schoola school wherewhere the accident happened.the accident happened
22、.It wasIt was atat a schoola school thatthat the accident happened.the accident happened.It wasIt was in the schoolin the school that/whichthat/which we visited last weekwe visited last week thatthat my my friend Bob is studying.friend Bob is studying.定语从句与同位语从句的区别定语从句与同位语从句的区别定语从句与同位语从句的区别定语从句与同位语从
23、句的区别1 1、定语从句定语从句定语从句定语从句是对前面的名词或代词起修饰限定作用；是对前面的名词或代词起修饰限定作用；是对前面的名词或代词起修饰限定作用；是对前面的名词或代词起修饰限定作用；2 2、同位语从句同位语从句同位语从句同位语从句是对前面的名词进行解释、说明，即同位是对前面的名词进行解释、说明，即同位是对前面的名词进行解释、说明，即同位是对前面的名词进行解释、说明，即同位语从句就是前面名词的内容；语从句就是前面名词的内容；语从句就是前面名词的内容；语从句就是前面名词的内容；3 3、thatthat在同位语从句中不作成分在同位语从句中不作成分在同位语从句中不作成分在同位语从句中不作成分
24、，只起连接作用，但一，只起连接作用，但一，只起连接作用，但一，只起连接作用，但一般不省略；般不省略；般不省略；般不省略；在定语从句中必定作成分在定语从句中必定作成分在定语从句中必定作成分在定语从句中必定作成分，还可换成，还可换成，还可换成，还可换成whichwhich、whowho、whomwhom等，作宾语时还可省略；等，作宾语时还可省略；等，作宾语时还可省略；等，作宾语时还可省略；4 4、whenwhen、wherewhere、whywhy既可引导定语从句，也可引导同既可引导定语从句，也可引导同既可引导定语从句，也可引导同既可引导定语从句，也可引导同位语从句，并都在从句里作状语。位语从句，
25、并都在从句里作状语。位语从句，并都在从句里作状语。位语从句，并都在从句里作状语。但它们引导定语从句时，但它们引导定语从句时，但它们引导定语从句时，但它们引导定语从句时，前面有相应的表示时间、地点、原因的先行词前面有相应的表示时间、地点、原因的先行词前面有相应的表示时间、地点、原因的先行词前面有相应的表示时间、地点、原因的先行词，引导同位，引导同位，引导同位，引导同位语从句时则没有；语从句时则没有；语从句时则没有；语从句时则没有；ThenewsThenewsthatthatTomwonfirstissurprising.(Tomwonfirstissurprising.(同同同同)Thenews
26、Thenewsthat/whichthat/whichTomtoldusissurprising.Tomtoldusissurprising.（定）（定）（定）（定）IhavenoideaIhavenoideawhenwhenwearegoingthere.(wearegoingthere.(同同同同)IdontknowIdontknow thetimethetime whenwhenwearegoingthere.(wearegoingthere.(定定定定)与其他名词性从句的区别与其他名词性从句的区别Iwilldoall(that)Icantohelpyou.(定从定从)Iwilldowh
27、atIcantohelpyou.（宾从）（宾从）Sheisnolongerwhatsheusedtobe.（表从）（表从）what=the+名名+that这儿这儿what=theperson/girlthatSheisnolongerthegirlthatsheusedtobe.(定从定从)ThehospitalwasbuiltinThehospitalwasbuiltinwhatwhatwaswastelandtenwaswastelandtenyearsagoyearsago.（宾从）（宾从）（宾从）（宾从）ThehospitalwasbuiltThehospitalwasbuiltint
28、heplaceintheplacethatthatwaswaswastelandtenyearsagowastelandtenyearsago.（定从）（定从）（定从）（定从）定语从句与状语从句的区别定语从句与状语从句的区别1 1、与时间、地点、原因状语从句的区别：与时间、地点、原因状语从句的区别：定语从句前有表示时间、地点、原因的名词作先行词，定语从句前有表示时间、地点、原因的名词作先行词，状语从句前则没有这类名词。状语从句前则没有这类名词。The road will lead you The road will lead you where you want to gowhere you
29、want to go.(.(状从状从)=The road will lead you=The road will lead you to the placeto the place where you want where you want to goto go.（定从）（定从）The hospital was built The hospital was built wherewhere stood an old temple stood an old temple.状从状从 =in the place=in the place where where(定从定从)2 2、与结果状语从句的区别
30、。、与结果状语从句的区别。a a 即即“so/such ”so/such ”结构中空格线上是填结构中空格线上是填thatthat还是还是asasb b 结果状语从句结果状语从句“so/such that”so/such that”中中thatthat不作成分不作成分，只，只起连接作用；起连接作用；定语从句定语从句“so/such as”so/such as”中中asas要作成分要作成分；c c 结果状语从句结果状语从句“so/such that”so/such that”意思是意思是“如此如此以致以致”定语从句无此意。定语从句无此意。Ive never heard of Ive never h
31、eard of suchsuch a terrible earthquake a terrible earthquake asas you you told me.(told me.(定从。定从。asas作作telltell的宾语的宾语)Its Its suchsuch a terrible earthquake a terrible earthquake thatthat many people were many people were killed.(killed.(结果状从。结果状从。“如此如此以致以致”)”)It was not It was not suchsuch a good
32、meal a good meal asas she had expected.(she had expected.(定定)He is He is suchsuch a good boy a good boy asas everyone likes.(everyone likes.(定定)He is He is suchsuch a good boy a good boy thatthat everyone like him.(everyone like him.(结果状结果状)定语从句、分号与并列分句定语从句、分号与并列分句1 1、做题时注意两句之间、做题时注意两句之间是否有分号是否有分号，或
33、并列连词或并列连词andand、butbut、oror 等，如果有则是并列句，这时所选择的词应是人等，如果有则是并列句，这时所选择的词应是人称代词、指示代词等，不能是关系代词；称代词、指示代词等，不能是关系代词；2 2、如果没有则应该是定语从句，这时应选择关系词。、如果没有则应该是定语从句，这时应选择关系词。80studentsareinourclass80studentsareinourclass,mostofmostofwhomwhom arearefromvillages.fromvillages.,ofwhom,ofwhommostarefrommostarefrom;mostofmo
34、stofthemthem areare,andandmostofmostofthemthem areare,mostofmostofthemfromthemfrom villages.villages.MMostofthemarefromostofthemarefrom Exercises:1、Idontliketheway_hetalkedtome.A.asB.thatC.whichD.bywhich2、Shetalkedaboutthebooksandwriters_sheremembered.A.thatB.whoC.whichD.whom3、Hestilllivesintheroom_
35、windowfacestotheeast.A.whichB.whoseC.whereD.ofwhich 4、Isthisthehouse_Shakespearewasborn?A.atwhereB.whichC.inwhichD.atwhich 5、Thatistheoffice_Lincolnonceworkedin.A.whereB.whichC.whatD.inwhich6、Doyouknowthereason_hewaslate?A.forwhich B.forwhatC.whichD.that7、Thatsall_Iwanttotellyou.A.they B.whichC./D.t
36、hat 8、Icanneverforgettheday_weworkedtogetherandtheday_wespenttogether.A.when;whichB.which;whenC.what;thatD.onwhich;when 9、Theway_helooksatproblemsiswrong.A.whichB.whoseC.whatD./10、Thisisthelasttime_Ishallgiveyoualesson.A.whenB.thatC.whichD.what11、Thereasonis_Imissedthebus.A.thatB.whenC.whyD.what 12、
37、Iwanttousethesametools_usedinyourfactoryafewdaysago.A.aswasB.whichwasC.aswereD.which13、Heistheonlyoneofthethree_gotthenewidea.A.whohaveB.whomhaveC.whohasD.whosehad 14、I,_yourgoodfriend,willtrymybesttohelpyouout.A.whoisB.whoamC.thatisD.whicham15、_isnatural,hemarriedMary.A.ItB.WhatC.WhichD.As16、Sheiso
38、neofthefewgirlswho_passedtheexamination.A.wasB.wereC.hasD.have1.That book that you want it is on the desk.2.Is this factory that we visited last week?the oneThis factory is the one that we visited last week.3.He is the person for whom you are looking.for4.The person after whom I looked is Lily.The person whom I looked after is Lily.归纳：归纳：1、定语从句要避免成分重复、定语从句要避免成分重复 2、定语从句要避免漏用先行词、定语从句要避免漏用先行词 3、含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开、含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开