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1、定语从句定语从句定语从句定语从句在句中相当于形容词，来修饰在句中相当于形容词，来修饰名词和代词作定语。名词和代词作定语。从句的位置：从句的位置：在名词或代词后在名词或代词后先行词：先行词：被定语从句修饰的词被定语从句修饰的词词词:词的作用：词的作用：(1)引导定语从句引导定语从句 (2)在从句中作一成份在从句中作一成份 (3)代替先行词在从句中的位置代替先行词在从句中的位置引导定语从句的词引导定语从句的词 关系代词关系代词一、一、as引导限制性定语从句引导限制性定语从句主要结构有：主要结构有：the sameasasassuchassoas主句中出现主句中出现the same,as,such,
2、so修饰先行词，修饰先行词，需选择需选择as做关系代词在定语从句中做主语或宾语。做关系代词在定语从句中做主语或宾语。1.SuchgirlsasheknowsaregoodatEnglish.2.ThisisthesamebookasIlost.3.Shewillmarryashealthyamanasshecanfind.4.Thereissowarmahouseaswewanttolivein.5.Hehassodifficultaproblem,asnoneofuscansolve.2)区别区别 the same as 与与the same that suchas与与suchthatThi
3、s is the same pen as I lost.同一类同一类，不是同一支，不是同一支同一支同一支,就是那支就是那支They had such a fierce dog as I had never seen.They has such a fierce dog that no one dared to go near their house.as在定语从句作在定语从句作seen的宾语的宾语that在从句中不作成分在从句中不作成分,that引导结果状语从句引导结果状语从句This is the same pen that I lost.在定语从句中作在定语从句中作主语或宾语主语或宾语主语
4、或宾语主语或宾语宾语宾语宾语或主语宾语或主语定语定语状语状语状语状语状语状语在从句中在从句中作宾语可作宾语可省去省去时间时间地点地点原因原因 先行词为先行词为人人物物/人人人人物物某人某人/某物的某物的引引 导导 词词关关系系代代词词关关系系副副词词whothatwhomwhichwhoseWhenWherewhy1.The girl _is standing next to our teacher is her daughter.2.The girl _our teacher is talking with is her daughter.3.The girl_ mother is from
5、 Britain can speak English very well.4.I cant find the book _is borrowed from the library.who/that(whom/who/that)whosewhich/thatFill in the blank with proper relative pronoun:Join the sentence.Drawing is a kind of art.I know little about drawing.Drawing is a kind of art (that/which)I know little abo
6、ut.Drawing is a kind of art that/which I know little .aboutXThe person is my maths teacher.I learned a lot from the person.My maths teacher is the person(whom/that)I learned a lot from.My maths teacher is the person whom/that I learned a lot .fromX The attributive clause introduced by prep.+which Th
7、e attributive clause introduced by prep.+whom 1.关系代词作介词宾语，当关系代词作介词宾语，当介词前置时介词前置时，只能用，只能用 whom 指人指人，which 指物指物；但如；但如 果果介词后置介词后置，则不受这种限制，关系代词还可以省去，特别则不受这种限制，关系代词还可以省去，特别是在口语中。如：是在口语中。如：Do you know the boy to whom she was talking?Do you know the boy(that)she was talking to?The pencil(which/that)he was
8、writing with suddenly broke.2.介词的选用原则介词的选用原则:根据根据定语从句中定语从句中谓语动词的谓语动词的习惯搭配习惯搭配或或介词短语的习惯搭配介词短语的习惯搭配来决定，也可来决定，也可根据句子意思来决定。根据句子意思来决定。on which I spent five Yuan.for which I paid five Yuan This is the book from which I learnt a lot about which Tom often talks 这是我正在找的手表。这是我正在找的手表。This is the watch(which/th
9、at)I am looking for.This is the watch for which I am looking.那个保姆照看的小宝宝们都很健康。那个保姆照看的小宝宝们都很健康。The babies(whom/who/that)the nurse is looking after are very healthy.The babies after whom the nurse is looking are all very healthy.3.有的短语动词与介词一般不拆开，介词仍放在有的短语动词与介词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面。短语动词的后面。如：如：look for,loo
10、k after,take care of 等。等。This is the teacher whose daughter is a famous doctor.=This is the teacher_ is a famous doctor.代词数词名词形容词比较级、最高级等代词数词名词形容词比较级、最高级等of whichwhom 1.名词名词+介词介词+关系词关系词thedaughterofwhomRecently I bought an ancient Chinese vase（花瓶）,_ was very reasonable（合理的）.A.which price B.the price
11、 of whichC.its price D.the price of whose We have three foreign teachers,_are from Canada.(其中的两个）2.数词数词+介词介词+关系代词关系代词(含基数词，序数词，分数含基数词，序数词，分数和百分数）和百分数）twoofwhomThe factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year,80%_ are sold abroad.A.of whichB.which of C.of them D.of that 3.代词代词+介词介词+关系代词关
12、系代词（代词有（代词有all,both,none,neither,either,some,any等）等）Theoldwomanhastwosons,_areteachers.（两个都是）（两个都是）bothofwhomLast week,two persons came to see the house,_wanted to buy it.A.both of theyB.neither of whom C.both of them D.all of whom4.形容词最高级形容词最高级+介词介词+关系代词关系代词Chinahasthousandsofislands,_isTaiwanIslan
13、d.（其中最大的）（其中最大的）the largest of which There are two buildings,_ stands nearly a hundred feet high.A.the larger B.the larger of them C.the larger one that D.the larger of which 5.介词介词+关系代词关系代词+名词名词He spent four years in college,_ he studied medicine.（在那段时间内）during which timeIn the office,I never seem
14、to have time until after 5:30 p.m.,_ time many people have gone home.A.whose B.that C.on which D.by which 1.This was the knife _he cut down the tree.2.Tom is the person _ I often turn for help when I am in trouble.3.Tomorrow is Toms birthday.He is the person _ I will buy a gift.4.Well visit the beau
15、tiful village _ Mary comes.5.This is the building _ stands a tall tree.to whomfor whomwith whichin front of whichbehind whichfrom whichFilling in the blanks:1.定语从句中关系副词有：定语从句中关系副词有：when,where,why 2.关系副词在定语从句中所作的成份：关系副词在定语从句中所作的成份：关系副词在定语从句中都作状语。关系副词在定语从句中都作状语。when 作时间状语；作时间状语；where 作地点状语；作地点状语；why 作
16、原因状语。如：作原因状语。如：定语从句中关系副词的用法定语从句中关系副词的用法He remember the day when his father died.I went back to the place where I was born and grew up.Please give me the reason why you were late this time.when 作时间状语，意为作时间状语，意为 on the daywhere 作地点状语，意为作地点状语，意为in the placewhy作原因状语，意为作原因状语，意为for the reason 3.并非先行词是表示时间
17、、地点和原因的并非先行词是表示时间、地点和原因的词时都用词时都用when,where,why，若先行词，若先行词在定语从句中不作状语，而是作主语或在定语从句中不作状语，而是作主语或宾语，就必须用宾语，就必须用which或或that。如：如：We often think of the days which we spent together in the countryside.which在定语从句中作宾语在定语从句中作宾语比较比较:We often think of the days when we worked together in the countryside.when在定语从句中作时
18、间状语，相当在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于于 during the days。We believe the reason that he told us.比较比较:The reason why he was absent yesterday is still unknown.4.关系副词关系副词when,where和和why也可用也可用“介介词词+which”来代替，要注意其先行词来代替，要注意其先行词（名词）与介词的合理搭配，介词根据（名词）与介词的合理搭配，介词根据先行词或定语从句的谓语动词来确定。先行词或定语从句的谓语动词来确定。when 相当于相当于“at/in/during+whic
19、h”where 相当于相当于“in/at/on+which”why 相当于相当于“for+which”如：如：所指所指先行词先行词引导词引导词时间时间time/day/week/moment/month/period/seasonwhen=at/in/on/duringwhich地点地点place/room/case/situation/point where=in/at/onwhich原因原因reasonwhy=forwhichIs this the day when/on which I visited the museum?Please put the letter on the des
20、k where/on which he can easily find it.This is the reason why/for which he didnt come to the meeting.Ill never forget the day when I joined the league.句中句中when相当于相当于on whichwhere在定语从句中作地点状语，相当在定语从句中作地点状语，相当于于“介词介词+关系代词（关系代词（which）”。如：如：This is the room where Lu Xun once lived.句中句中where相当于相当于in which
21、Detailed explanationWhen 在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于“介词介词+关系代词（关系代词（which）”。如：如：why在定语从句中作原因状语，相当在定语从句中作原因状语，相当于于“介词介词for+关系代词（关系代词（which）”。如：如：Do you know the reason why she was late?It rained heavily,for which he was late for the class.思考思考是否所有的介词是否所有的介词+关系代词都能用关系关系代词都能用关系副词代替副词代替?1.The sun giv
22、es us heat and light(_ we cant live).2.The book(_ I heard)was written twenty years ago.without whichabout which3.The pen(_)she wrote that book can now be seen in a museum.4.Kunming is a beautiful place (_)flowers are seen all the year round.5.Yesterday we went to visit the house (_)the great writer
23、used to live.with whichwhere/in whichwhere/in which6.I will never forgot the day(_)I first met you on the ship.7.The film(_I fell asleep)was very boring.结论：只有当结论：只有当“介词介词+关系代词关系代词”充当地充当地点状语、时间状语或原因状语时，才能用点状语、时间状语或原因状语时，才能用关系副词代替。关系副词代替。on which/whenduring which如何判断关系副词与关系代词如何判断关系副词与关系代词方法一.取决于从句中的谓语
24、动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。方法二.准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词；先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词。判断改错1.This is the mountain village where I visited last year.which 2.I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.which3.This is the mountain village whi
25、ch I stayed last year.where4.Ill never forget the days which I worked with you.when 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。例1.Is this the museum _ you visited a few days ago?A.where B.that C.on which D.the one 例2.Is this the museum _ the exhibition was held.A.where B.that C.on which D.the one
26、BAMultiple choices:1.The brave man,the tiger was shot is a good hunterA.by which B.by whom C.by that D.of whom 2.The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year,80%_ are sold abroad.(04辽宁）辽宁）A.of which B.which of C.of them D.of that3.She hasnt got enough money to buy the rings A.which
27、B.that C.with which D.for which 4.Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase,_ was very reasonable.(00上海）上海）A.which price B.the price of which C.its price D.the price of whose5.The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months,_ the sailing time was 226 days.(04广西）广西）A.of which B.during wh
28、ich C.from which D.for which6.American women usually regard their best friend as someone _ they can talk frequently.(04上海）上海）A.who B.as C.about which D.with whom7.Have you seen the film“Titanic”,_ leading actor is world-famous?(01上海）上海）A.its B.its C.whose D.which8.Luckily,wed brought a road map with
29、out _ we would have lost our way.(04北京）北京）A.it B.that C.this D.which9.Anyway,that evening,_ Ill tell you more about later,I ended up staying at Rachels place.(04浙江）浙江）A.when B.where C.what D.which10.Is this the reason _ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?(02上海春招）上海春招）A.he explained B.wh
30、at he explained C.how he explained D.why he explained 11.I dont like the way _ you spoke to her.A.which B.in that C.of which D./12.She was no longer the woman _ she was 10 years ago.A.that B.who C.which D.what13.I can still remember the sitting room _ my mother and I used to sit in the evening.A.what B.which C.that D.where