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1、高考英语语法知识梳理-介词短语介词的搭配 易混介词词义辨析易混介词词义辨析1.except,besides,except for,except that(1)except“除了之外”,表示不包括在内,相当于“not including”。We all went except Tom.除了汤姆之外,我们都去了。(我们都去了,但不包括汤姆在内)。I can answer all the questions except the last one.除了最后一题外,所有题目我都可以解答。(2)besides“除了之外”,表示“除之外还有”。All of them retired besides mys
2、elf.除了我自己退休之外,他们也全都退休了。He had other people to take care of besides me.除了我之外,他还需要照料其他人。(3)except for“只是;除之外”,其后接的词同句子中的主语不是同类的,指从整体中除去一个细节,一个方面;而except后接的词同句子中的主语是同类,指在同类的整体中除去一个部分。Your writing is good except for a few grammar mistakes.除了几处语法错误外,你的作文写得很好。The letter is good except for the spelling.那封信
3、很通顺,只是拼写有错误。(4)except that “除去之外”,后面接名词性从句。She knew nothing about his journey except that he was likely to be away for three months.关于他的旅行她不清楚,只知道他大概要离开3个月。I know nothing about him except that he lives next door.我对他一无所知,只知道他住在隔壁。I received nothing except what was due to me.除了我应得的东西,我并未接受任何东西。2.about
4、,around,round,some,or so 表“大约”(1)about不与a few,more than,several连用,只与较肯定的数字连用。He is only about five feet high.他只有大约5英尺高。(2)around和round 多修饰时间和数额。The journey will take around ten days.这次旅行需要大约10天的时间。He paid round $ 20 for it.他花了大约20美元买它。(3)some修饰时间和数额,但不能修饰时间点概念的数词。Some 300 were present.大约有300人到场。(4)o
5、r so 要放在数词之后。I want a hundred or so.我要100个左右。3.about,on表示“关于”(1)about 主要表示内容较普遍、一般、不太重视。a book for children about Africa and its people一本供儿童阅读的关于非洲和非洲人的书(2)on则表示严肃的或学术性的,是供专门研究用的。a book on Chinese history 一本关于中国历史的书4.from then on,ever since (then)(1)from then on 即“从那时起”,所以多与一般过去时连用。From then on she
6、knew she would win.从那时起她就知道她将获胜。(2)ever since (then)是“从那时以来”,与现在完成时连用。He has lived here ever since (then).打那时起,他就一直住在这儿。5.increase by,increase to(1)“increase by+倍数或百分数”,表示“增加了倍或百分之”。Compared with last year,our coal output has increased by three times.与去年相比,我们的煤产量增长了3倍。(2)“increase to+具体的增长后的数字”,表示“增
7、加到了”。Our coal output has increased to 6 million tons this year.我们今年的煤产量增长到了600万吨。6.inside,within(1)inside表示具体的位置关系。inside the car 在汽车里(2)within表示不超出某个范围,表示“在时间范围内”。within the law 在法律范围内within a month 在一个月之内7.instead of,instead(1)instead of介词短语,意为“代替,而不是”,后面常跟名词、代词、动名词或介词短语。Well have tea in the garde
8、n instead of in the house.我们将改在花园里喝茶,而不在屋里喝。I will go instead of you.我代你去。(2)instead是副词,意为“替换,代替”。Having planned to drive,we walked instead.我们以步行代替原先计划的驾车。8.by the name of,in the name of,under the name of(1)by the name of意为“名叫,以的名义”。He met a US newsman by the name of Newton.他遇见一个名叫牛顿的美国记者。(2)in the
9、name of意为“以的名义,为了的缘故”。Open up in the name of the law! 以法律的名义打开!(3)under the name of意为“用名字(指化名、假名、笔名等)”。He wrote the novel under the name of Lu Xun.他以“鲁迅”为笔名写了这本小说。9.in the east of,on the east of,to the east of,east of(1)in the east of 位于某一范围之内的东部地区。Shanghai lies in the east of China.上海在中国东部。(2)on th
10、e east of 位于某地之东,并与之接壤。North Korea lies on the east of China.北朝鲜位于中国东部。(3)to the east of 在某一范围之外以东,east of结构相当于to the east of。Japan lies to the east of China.日本在中国以东。That is a town east of the Danube.那是多瑙河以东的一个城镇。10.in the corner,on the corner,at the corner,round the corner(1)in the corner 为“在角里”;Th
11、e girl sat in the corner of the classroom.那个女孩子坐在教室的角落里。(2)on the corner 为“在角上”“在拐角上”;The poster is posted on the corner of the department store.那广告贴在那家百货公司外面的一角上。(3)at the corner “在拐角处”;There is a store at the corner.街角有一家店。(4)round the corner来临Christmas is round the corner.圣诞节即将来临。【高考演练】1.【北京】Jane
12、 is in a hurry because the train to the airport leaves_half an hour.A.by B.in C.for D.until【答案】B 考查介词搭配。表示某段时间后将发生某事,一般用介词in。故选B。2.【全国大纲卷】September 30 is the day_which you must pay your bill.A.by B.for C.with D.in【答案】A 考查介词搭配。句意:9月30日是你必须付账单的最后期限。此处by意为“截止到日期”。故选A。3.【福建】Our club is open to everyone_
13、age,sex or educational background.A.due to B.except for C.along with D.regardless of【答案】D 考查介词短语辨析。句意:我们的俱乐部对每个人开放,不考虑年龄、性别和教育背景。(be)due to 由于、因为;except for 除了;along with和,一起;regardless of 无论,不管,不考虑。故选D。4.【江苏】Tom always goes jogging in the morning and he usually does push-ups too to stay_.A.in place
14、 B.in order C.in shape D.in fashion【答案】C 考查介词短语辨析。句意:汤姆总是在早晨慢跑,并且他也经常做俯卧撑来保持体形。in place 在合适的位置上;in order 按顺序,秩序井然;in shape 在外形上,在形状上;in fashion 流行。根据语境可知C项正确。故选C。5.【江苏】The idea “happiness”,_,will not sit still for easy definition.A.to be rigid B.to be sure C.to be perfect D.to be fair【答案】B 考查介词短语辨析。
15、句意:幸福,明确说来,仍然不容易定义。to be rigid 严格说来;to be sure 明确说来;to be perfect 完美说来;to be fair 公平说来。故选B。6.【江西】Starting your own business could be a way to achieving financial independence._,it could just put you in debt.A.In other words B.All in all C.As a result D.On the other hand【答案】D 考查介词短语辨析。句意:开始你自己的事业是一种获
16、得经济独立的方法。可另一方面,它可能让你置于债务之中。in other words 换句话说;all in all 总之;as a result 结果;on the other hand 另一方面。故选D。7.【江西】It is unbelievable that Mr Lucas leads a simple life_his great wealth.A.without B.despite C.in D.to【答案】B 考查介词搭配。句意:尽管Lucas先生有大量的财富,但是他过着简单的生活,这让人难以置信。根据a simple life以及his great wealth可知此处表转折。
17、故选B。8.【陕西】The Scottish girl_blue eyes won the first prize in the Fifth Chinese Speech Contest.A.by B.of C.in D.with【答案】D 考查介词搭配。句意:在第五届汉语演讲比赛中,那位蓝眼睛的苏格兰女孩赢得了第一名。所填词意思是“有”,用with。故选D。9.【天津】_ the school,the village has a clinic,which was also built with government support.A.In reply to B.In addition to
18、 C.In charge of D.In place of【答案】B 考查介词短语辨析。句意:除了学校,村庄还有一个诊所,也是在政府的资助下建起来的。in reply to 答复;in addition to 除之外,也,和;in charge of 负责;in place of代替,取代。故选B。10.【浙江】While staying in the village,James unselfishly shared whatever he had with the villagers without asking for anything_.A.in return B.in common C
19、.in turn D.in place【答案】A 考查介词短语辨析。句意:在村子里生活期间,詹姆斯非常无私地与村民们分享了他所有的一切,而不求回报。根据句意知,空格处表示“作为回报”,所以用in return。in common 共同;in turn 反过来,反之;in place 恰当,在适当位置。故选A。11.【浙江】People wont pay attention to you when they still have a lot of ideas of their own crying_expression.A.from B.over C.with D.for【答案】D 考查介词搭配
20、词义辨析。句意:当人们还有许多自己的想法需要表达的时候,他们是不会注意到你的。根据句意知,此处cry for expression可以看作是固定表达,意为“哭着要,急需,要求”。故选D。12.【浙江】Theres no reason to be disappointed._,this could be rather amusing.A.Above all B.As a result C.In addition D.As a matter of fact【答案】D 考查介词短语辨析。句意:没有理由失望。实际上,这似乎还很有趣。as a matter of fact意为“事实上,实际上”,符合句意
21、。above all 首要的是;as a result 结果;in addition 另外。故选D。13.【重庆】She drove so fast at the turn that the car almost went_the road.A.on B.along C.from D.off【答案】D 考查介词搭配。句意:她开车开得太快,以至于在拐弯处差点开下了公路。此处off表示“离开,偏离”。故选D。14.【湖北】The furniture,with its modern style and bright colors,suits modern houses and their garde
22、ns,but looks_in the garden of a traditional home.A.out of questionB.out of orderC.out of sightD.out of place【答案】D 考查介词短语辨析。句意:有着现代风格的色彩鲜艳的家具,适合现代的房屋和花园,但是放在传统风格的花园里看起来就格格不入。out of question 不成问题,无疑的;out of order 出故障,秩序混乱;out of sight 看不见,在视野之外;out of place不得其所的,不适当的,格格不入的。信息词but 告诉我们正确选项应该表示“不合适的,格格不
23、入的”。故选D。15.【安徽】You can change your job,you can move house,but friendship is meant to be_life.A.of B.on C.to D.for【答案】D 考查介词搭配。句意:你可以换工作,你也可以搬家,但是友谊是终生不变的。of life 对于生命;on life 有关生命;to life 给生命;for life=for the rest of ones life,终生的。故选D。16.【福建】China has been pushing the reform of public hospitals_all
24、its citizens.A.in charge ofB.for the purpose ofC.in honor ofD.for the benefit of【答案】D 考查介词短语辨析。句意:为了惠及全民,中国一直在推动公共医疗改革。in charge of 负责,管理;for the purpose of 为了的目的;in honor of 纪念;for the benefit of 为了的好处。故选D。17.【福建】Nothing is so easy as_parents to raise their expectations of their children too high.A
25、.of B.to C.by D.for【答案】D 考查介词搭配。句意为:父母最容易犯的错就是把对孩子的期望值提得过高。for对来说,后跟“对象”。故选D。18.【全国卷】100 is the temperature_which water will boil.A.for B.at C.on D.of【答案】B 考查介词搭配。句意:100摄氏度是水沸腾的温度。该空后面是由which引导的定语从句。此时,介词的判断原则是看介词与先行词之间的关系。把句子分解开来可以得到100 is the temperature and at this temperature water will boil.故选B
26、。19.【北京】Do you think this shirt is too tight_the shoulders?A.at B.on C.to D.across【答案】D 考查介词搭配。句意:你觉得这件衬衫在肩膀这个地方是不是太紧了?at 在地方;on 在上面;to 表地点时,指不接触;across 横跨,指从肩膀的一端到另一端。故选D。20.【陕西】An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the committee members are_it.A.against B.for C.to D.with【答案】A 考查介词搭配。句意:好像是不可能达成协议了,因为大多数委员都反对。against 反对;for 支持;to 向、朝、往、到、在;with 和(其他人或物)在一起、跟、同、和;(时间)随着;有;穿戴。结合语境知A项符合题意。故选A。学科网(北京)股份有限公司