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1、2024年高考英语语法复习：代词、介词和介词短语讲义PART1考点剖析-代词考点一：人称代词用作宾语例 1. The scientists say an area of the brain assigns memories to smells and stores(they) for decades.【答案】them【解析】考查代词。句意：科学家说，大脑的一个区 域将记忆分配给气味，并将其储存数十年。分析句子结构 可知，设空处作动词stores的宾语，需填入they的宾格形 式 them。故填 them。考点三：人称代词用作定语例 2. When you come to Zhangjiajie
2、, you can fully appreciate (it) magnificent natural scenery and experience appealing folk custom as well as other thrilling tourist activities.【答案】its【解析】考查形容词性物主代词。句意：当你来到张 家界，你可以充分欣赏其壮丽的自然风光，体验迷人的民 俗风情和其他令人兴奋的旅游活动。空处应用形容词性物 主代词its,修饰名词sceneryo故填its。centers westward 1980.【答案】since【解析】考查介词。句意：这个调查表明
3、自1980年以 来，被研究的86个树种中大约有3/4的树种把种群中心往 西移动。since作介词，意思是“自以来”。故填since考点十二：介词短语用法例 12. In additionmany awards Damon hasreceived, including Academy Awards and Golden Globe Awards, he received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 2007 for his work in the film industry.【答案】to【解析】考查固定词组。句意：Damon除了获得包 括奥斯卡
4、金像奖及金球奖的许多奖项外，他因为在电影业 中的工作在2007成为好莱坞星光大道上的明星。in addition t。是固定短语，意思是“除之外。故填to。真题演练1. （2023浙江 1 月卷）Thanks to Beijing s long history capital of China, almost every hutong has its stories, and some are even associated with historic events.1. as考查介词。句意：感谢北京作为中国首都的悠久的历 史，同时每一条胡同都有自己的故事，甚至有一些还跟历 史事件有关。根据句
5、意可知，空格处译为“作为”，as是介 词意为“作为”，符合句意。故填as。2. （ 2022 新高考 I 卷）Giant pandas also serve an umbrella species（物种）, bringing protection to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China.3. aso【解析】考查介词。句意：大熊猫还扮演着保护伞的 角色，为中国西南和西北地区的许多动植物带来保护。固 定短语：serve as （充当）。故填as。3.（2022 全国甲卷）
6、Now, Cao has started the second part of his dream to walk along the Belt and Road route. He flew 4, 700 kilometers Xi an to Kashgar on seat 20,planning to hike back to Xi an in five months.4. fromo【解析】考查介词。句意：9月20日，他从4700公 里外的西安飞到了喀什，计划在五个月内徒步回到西安。 根据句意和Xi an to Kashgar可知，此处表示“从西安飞 往喀什”，应用介词from,固定搭
7、配fromto表示“从到”。故填from。5. （2022 全国乙卷）May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day, which was named officially the United Nations on November 27th, 2019.6. by。【解析】考查介词。句意:2019年11月47日，联合 国正式将5月21日定为第一个国际茶日。根据句意可知, 此处表达“被联合国在5月21日命名”。表示被动，使用 固定结构“be+过去分词+by”。故填by。5.（2022 北京卷）Helen was walking
8、 down the street late the evening, her arms filled with grocery bags.7. in【解析】考查介词。句意：深夜，海伦抱着购物袋走 在街上。in the evening意为“在晚上“，固定搭配。故in。8. （2021 全国甲卷）The Xian City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived Chinas long history. It was built originally to protect the city the Tangdynasty and
9、has now been completely restored （修复）.6 in【解析】考查介词。句意：它最初是为了保护唐代的 城市而建造的，现在已经完全修复了。根据句意可知，表 示“在某个朝代”应用介词in。7. （2021 全国乙卷）Ecotourism has its origin with the environmental movement of the 1970s. It was not widely accepted as a travel concept the late 1980s.9. until【解析】考查介词。句意：直到20世纪80年代晚期 才作为旅游观念被广泛接受
10、。根据句意可知，此处表示“直 到20世纪80年代晚期才作为旅游观念被广泛接受”,表示 “直到才”使用固定句型notuntil10. （2021 浙江 6 月卷）In 1844 they bought it$1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser; who performed their marriage ceremony in 1842.11. for【解析】考查介词。buy sth for money是固定搭配,表 示“用价钱买东西”。12. （2021 浙江 1 月卷）The study found that between 1985 and 20
11、17, average rural BMI increased 2.1in women and men.13. by【解析】考查介词。increase by是固定词组，表示“增 加了”，by表示数量的变化。14. （2020 全国 II 卷）Bamboo plants are associated health, abundance and a happy home. They are easy to care for and make great presents.15. with【解析】考查介词。be associated with是固定 词组，表示“与有联系”。16. （2020 新高考
12、卷）Museums must compete people s spare time and money with other amusements. Most museums also welcome school groups and arrange special activities for children.11. for【解析】考查介词。句意:博物馆必须和其他娱乐活动 竞争人们的业余时间和金钱。此处是固定短语:compete for, 意为：“为了竞争”。12. （2020 浙江 6 月卷）Some time after 10,000 BC, people made the fir
13、st real attempt to control the world they lived, through agriculture.13. in【解析】考查介词。公元前10000年以后，人们第一 次真正尝试通过农业来控制他们所居住的世界。分析可知， “they lived”应是之前名词the world的定语从句， 定语从句引导词被省略，可推知先行词应是在从句中作宾语，即：they lived in the world, live in+名词，意为“居住在 某地”。14. （2020 浙江 1 月卷）This aging of the population is driven two f
14、actors. The first is declining birth rates, which means old generations are large compared to younger generations, and so, on average, the population becomes older than before.13. by【解析】考查介词。此句为被动语态，介词by的宾语 是动作的执行者。14. （2020 北京卷）Many of these bags end up in the ocean where larger ones can trap sea c
15、reatures, such as turtles and dolphins. Over time, the bags fall apart countless tiny pieces, and fish can accidentally eat some of them.14. to/into【解析】考查介词。fall apart是固定词组，表示“坍 塌，破碎“，后面to/into表示结果。15. （2020 天津卷）For my fifth birthday, my mother baked me a cake the shape of a monkey.16. in【解析】考查介词。in
16、 the shape of是固定词组，表示 “以的形状”。17. （2020 天津卷）I never worried about my son while I was away because my mother kept an eye him.18. on【解析】考查介词。keep an eye on是固定词组，表示 “关照，注意”。19. （2020 江苏卷）Taking on this challenge will bring you in contact someone who shares your interests.20. with【解析】考查介词。in contact with
17、是固定词组，表示 “与保持联系”。21. （2019 全国 I 卷）Modern methods tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive to perform consistently over a large area.18. of/for【解析】考查介词。此处tracking polar bear populations 作 Modern methods 的定语，用 of 连接，“methods of doing sth.，意为“的方法”，构
18、成固定结构。或者意为“对 于跟踪北极熊的方法”用for。19. （2019 全国 III 卷）We were first greeted with the barking by a pack dogs, seven to be exact. Theywere well trained by their masters who had great experience with caring for these animals.20. of【解析】考查介词。考查介词。“a pack of”是固定 词组，意为“一群”。故填。f。21. （2019 浙江 6 月卷）But can uniforms
19、help improve school standards? The answer this question isnot clear.22. to【解析】考查介词。句意：这个问题的答案不清楚。 the key/answer to这是固定搭配，”的答案是23. （2019 北京卷）Earth Day, marked on 22 April, is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness about environmental protection. First celebrated 1970,the Day now includes e
20、vents in more than 190 countries and regions（地区）.24. in【解析】考查介词。考查介词的用法，年份前面应该 加介词in。25. （2018 全国 III 卷）My name is Mireya Mayor. I, m a scientist who studies animals such as apes and monkeys. I was searching these three western lowland gorillas I d been observing.22. for【解析】考查介词。search for是固定词组，表示“寻
21、找”。26. （2018 浙江 6 月卷）If you are not going to suffer this problem, then I suggest that the next time you go to your mum s home dinner, get a few cooking tips fromher.23. for【解析】考查介词。该句表示“表示去母亲家去吃饭”, 表示目的用介词for,故填for。27. （2018 全国 I 卷）While running regularly can t make you live forever; the review says
22、 it is more effective at lengthening life walking, cycling or swimming.28. than【解析】考查介词。这是“形容词/副词比较级+than+”句型。29. （2017 全国 II 卷）It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible crowds on the roads above as they travelled to and work.25. from【解析】考查介词。travel to and from work
23、是固定词 组，表示“上下班”。考点三：反身代词用法例 3. The boy ran away from the room, screaming out in terror, direct to home and hid(he) in his closet.【答案】himself【解析】考查代词。句意：那男孩从房间里跑出来， 惊恐地尖叫着，直接跑回家藏在衣柜里。结合句意，此处 表示男孩把自己藏在他的壁橱里，故空处应用反身代词 himself 作 hid 的宾语。故填 himselfo考点四：it用作形式主语或宾语例 4. The bridge links three areas, making
24、much more convenient to travel from one to another.【答案】it【解析】考查代词。句意：这座桥连接了三个地区， 使人们从一个地区到另一个地区旅行更加方便。make+it+adj.+to do”为固定用法，此处it是形式宾语， 真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。故填匕考点五：代词it用法例 5. My son was excited, but I felt helpless. I didn t have that kind of money.was going to cost $300!【答案】It【解析】考查代词。句意：我的儿子非常激动，但我 感觉
25、到无助。我没有这笔钱。它要花费300美元。此处是 指代儿子要去做的这件事。故填心考点六：含it固定句型例 6. You can rely on that he II pay back allyour money.【答案】it【解析】考查形式宾语ito句意：您可以指望他偿还 您所有的钱。rely on it that表示指望，依赖”，it是形式宾语，代替that引导的从句。故填匕真题演练阅读下面句子，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号 内单词的正确形式。1. （2022 全国乙卷）The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was officially unveiled （揭幕）
26、at the ceremony, opening （it）first exhibition: The Avenue of TruthA Special Exhibition of PiT er Tea.1. its【解析】考查代词。句意：在开幕式上，中国古茶博 物馆正式揭牌，开启了它的第一个展览：大道遗真一一普 洱茶专题展。名词exhibition前用形容词性物主代词。故填itSo2. (2022 J匕京卷)Since people can? t always eat out orcook for (they), they get takeout or order delivery.3. th
27、emselves【解析】考查反身代词。句意：因为人们不能总是在 外面吃饭或者为他们自己做饭，所以他们叫外卖或者叫外 卖。空处在句中作介词for的宾语，当主语和宾语为同一 物时，宾语要用反身代词。所以此处要用反身代词 themselveso 故填 themselves。4. (2021 全国乙卷)Ecotourism has(it) origin with the environmental movement of the 1970s. It was not widely accepted as a travel concept until the late 1980s.3. its【解析】句意
28、：生态旅游起源于20世纪70年代的环 境运动。根据空格后名词origin可知，此处形容词性物主 代词来修饰名词origin。故填its。4. (2021 新高考 I 卷)As the song goes, this long and winding road “will never disappear , and it will always stick in the visitor s memory. It sure does in(I). While you re in China, Mount Huangshan is a must to4. mine【解析】考查代词。上文提到“in t
29、he visitors memory 此处相当于“in my memory”,所以用 mine代替 my memoryo5. （2021 浙江卷）She was extremely pretty, and her house was a reflection of（she）, everything in good taste and in perfect order.6. herself【解析】考查代词。句意：她非常漂亮，她的房子是 她自己的写照，一切都很有品位，井井有条。根据句意可 知，此处意为“她自己”，可知此处考查反身代词；提示词 she的反身代词是herselfo故填herselfo7
30、. （2020 全国 I 卷）Data about the moon s composition, such as how much ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether （it） plans for a future lunar （月球的）base are practical.6. its【解析】考查代词。根据空后的名词plans可知，此 处应使用形容词性物主代词its,故填its。7.（2020 新高考卷）As well as looking at exhibits, visitors ca
31、n play with computer simulations （模拟）and imagine （they） living at a different time in history or walking through a rainforest.7. themselves【解析】考查反身代词。句意:除了观赏展品，游客还 可以玩电脑模拟游戏，想象自己生活在一个不同的历史时 期，或者漫步在热带雨林中。此处指代visitors,意为“他 们自己”，应使用反身代词。故填themselves。8. （2019 北京卷）Nervously facing challenges, I know I wi
32、ll whisper to （I） the two simple words Be yourself”.9. myself【解析】考查代词用法。句意：紧张地面对挑战，我 知道我将轻声对自己说两个简单的字“Be yourself”。本句 的主语是I,当宾语与主语是同一人称时，宾语要用反身代 1司O10. （2018 全国III卷）When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find（they） alive.【答案】them【解析】考查代词。句意：当这些大猩猩和我相互感 到害怕时，我非常高兴地发现他们活着。这里
33、作动词find 的宾语。故填them。11. （2017 浙江高考卷）Pahlsson screamed so loudly that her daughter came running from the house. She thought I had hurt（I）,“ says Pahlsson.【答案】myself【解析】考查代词。句意：帕尔森尖叫得如此大声以 至于女儿从房子里跑了出来。“她以为我伤害自己，”帕尔 森说。由语境可知，女儿听到母亲的叫声跑出门后，是以 为母亲伤害了她自己。主语跟宾语是同一个人，用反身代 词，I的反身代词是myself。故填myself。12. （2018
34、天津卷）It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house we saw Lily in the passengerseat.【答案】that【解析】考查强调句。句意：只有当汽车在我们房子 前停下来我们才看到在乘客位置的莉莉。这里考查强调句， 强调句型结构为：It is/was +被强调部分（通常是主语、宾 语或状语）+ that/ who（当强调主语且主语指人）+其他部分。 本题强调时间状语 only when the car pulled up in front of our house, 故填 that。13. （2018 浙
35、江 6 月卷）Many westerners who come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap can be to eat out.【答案】it【解析】考查it用法。句子为感叹句，正常语序应该 是 it can be how cheap to eat out.其中不定式 to eat out 是真 正主语，it是形式主语。故填it。PART 2考点剖析-介词和介词短语考点七：不定代词的用法例 7. It was hard for him to learn Englis
36、h in a family, in which of his parents spoke the language.【答案】neither【解析】考查代词。句意：在一个父母都不说英语的 家庭里，他很难学习英语。由前一句意义可知，父母两人 都不说英语，应用neither of。故填neither。考点八：“介词+名词”短语例 8. Two experts from Sothebys confirmed the bowl was from the 1400s when they were able to look at it person.【答案】in【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：两位苏士比拍卖行专
37、 家表示，当亲眼看到这只瓷碗时，他们确信这件文物可追 溯到15世纪。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里考查固定搭 配in person,表示“亲自”的意思，符合句意。故填in。考点九：”形容词+介词”短语彳列 9. The new four great inventions, are all related China s high-tech innovation （仓ll新），which has improved the people s living standard.【答案】to【解析】考查固定词组。句意：“新四大发明”全都 与中国的高科技创新有关系，这种创新已经改善了人们的 生活水平。be
38、related to是固定短语，意思是“同有联系”。故填to。考点十：“动词+介词”短语例 10. You are not wearing your seat belt, so you can slide in and out of your seat easily. That sounds alot of fun.【答案】like【解析】考查固定词组。句意：你没有带安全带，因 此你可以容易地在座椅上移动。这听起来像是很有趣。 sound like意为“听起来像故填：like。考点十一：介词习惯用法例 11. The survey shows that roughly three-quarters of the 86 tree species surveyed have shifted their population