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1、聚焦中考英语(普版)第第2626讲讲形容形容词词和副和副词词v【名题实战】v1Be quick!The game will begin _A_(2013,天津)vAimmediately BrecentlyvCcarefully Dluckilyv2You look tired these days.I think you need a _C_ sleep.(2013,重庆)vAshorter Bshortest Cbetter Dbestv3Lanzhou is the only capital city that the Yellow River,the second _B_ river
2、in China,pass through.(2013,兰州)vAlong Blongest Clonger Dlengthv4Peter speaks Chinese well indeed,but of course not _A_ a local speaker in China.(2013,苏州)vAso fluently as Bmore fluent thanvCas fluent as Dmuch fluently thanv5Its _C_ to listen to light music when you feel tired.(2013,温州)vAdangerous Bsc
3、ary Crelaxing Ddifficultv【考点梳理】v中考试题对形容词的考查涉及形容词作定语、表语、宾语补足语的基本用法;形容词原级、比较级和最高级的各种句型;易混淆的形容词用法辨析等。其中,形容词比较等级句型,形容词修饰不定代词something,anything,everything,nothing时的位置,易混淆的形容词用法辨析等是考查的热点。v中考试题对副词的考查涉及常用副词的用法、副词等级的各种句型,易混淆副词用法辨析等。v高频考向一形容词v作定语,一般放在所修饰词的前面。但形容词修饰something,anything,nothing,everything等复合不定代词时
4、,须放在其后;形容词修饰疑问代词时,也须放在其后。如:vIts a cold and windy day.这是个既寒冷又有大风的一天。vWould you like something hot to drink?你想要喝些热的东西吗?vWhat else can you see?你还能看见其他什么东西?v作表语,放在系动词的后面。常见的系动词有be,become,get(变),make(使),turn(变),keep,feel,look(看起来),seem,smell,sound,taste。如:vHe looks happy today.他今天看起来很高兴。vSilk feels soft.
5、绸子摸起来很软。vMilk is able to turn bad easily in summer.夏天,牛奶容易变质。v作宾语补足语。形容词作宾补时,应放在宾语之后,表示宾语的性质、状态等。如:vHe always makes us happy.他总是使我们高兴。v注意点:v表示长、宽、高、深及年龄的形容词,应放在相应的名词之后。如:vHow long is the river?Its about two thousand metres long.这条河有多长?大约2000米长。v只能作表语的形容词:afraid害怕;alone独自的;asleep 睡着的;awake醒着的;alive活着
6、的;well健康的;ill病的;frightened害怕的。如:vThe man is ill.(正)vThe ill man is my uncle.(误)v貌似副词的形容词:lonely独自的;friendly友好的;lively生动的;lovely可爱的。如:vIts very kind of you to help me.你帮助我,真好。vIts not easy to learn a foreign language.学好一门外语不容易。v【例1】What was Jim wearing at the party?v1populationv【特别关注】vMore than three
7、 quarters of the population are Chinese.超过四分之三的人口是中国人。vWhat is the population of Wenzhou?温州的人口有多少?v【拓展精析】vpopulation指人口总数,作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式,但当population前有分数、百分数等修饰时,谓语动词用复数形式。vpopulation还可以被large/small修饰,表示“人口众多或稀少”,但不被many/few修饰。询问人口多少的常用句型:What is the population of.?v注意:many/few可修饰people。How many peo
8、ple多少人。What is the population of Hangzhou?How many people are there in Hangzhou?v【活学活用】v1)Which city has _D_ population,Shanghai,Hong Kong or Qingdao?vShanghai,of course.vAthe smallestBthe leastvCthe most Dthe largestv2lookv【特别关注】vTwo people are looking through the books in the bookstore.两个人正在书店里浏览书
9、籍。v【拓展精析】vlook through浏览vNothing _.He was in his usual shirt and jeans.(2013,安徽)vAspecial BsimplevCimportant Dinterestingv解析:special“特别的”;simple“简单的,简朴的”;important“重要的”;interesting“有趣的”。由答语“他穿着他平时的衬衫和牛仔裤”可知此处意为“没什么特别的”。v答案:_A_v【例2】Linda felt very _ after the long way,so she stopped to have a rest.(2
10、013,德州)vAsurprised Bshy Ctired Dexcitedv解析:surprised“惊奇的”;shy“害羞的”;tired“劳累的”;excited“兴奋的”。由后半句句意“因此她停下来休息”推知前半句句意为“琳达在走了很长的路之后,感到非常累。”v答案:_C_v【例 3】Fred is always _ because he often does something good for his health outdoors.(2013,莱芜)vAweak Bnervous Cserious Denergeticv解析:由后半句句意“因为他经常在户外做一些有益健康的事情”
11、推知,前半句句意为“Fred总是精力充沛”。weak“虚弱的”;nervous“紧张的”;serious“严肃的”;energetic“精力充沛的”。v答案:_D_v高频考向二副词v副词按性质和用途可分为时间副词、地点副词、方式副词、程度副词、疑问副词等。v时间副词v通常用来表示动作发生的时间。常见的时间副词有now,today,tomorrow,yesterday,before,late,early,never,seldom,sometimes,often,usually,always等。v地点副词v通常用来表示动作发生的地点。常见的地点副词有here,there,inside,outsid
12、e,home,upstairs,downstairs,anywhere,everywhere,nowhere,somewhere,down,up,off,in,out等。v方式副词v一般用来回答“怎样的”这类问题,绝大部分由形容词词尾加ly构成,少数与形容词同形。常见的方式副词有badly,carefully,proudly,suddenly,successfully,angrily,happily,slowly,warmly,wildly,well,fast,hard,alone,high,straight等。v程度副词v多数用来修饰形容词和副词,少数用来修饰动词和介词短语。常见的程度副词有
13、much,(a)little,a bit,very,so,too,enough,quite,rather,pretty,greatly,nearly,almost,deeply,hardly等。v疑问副词v一般引导特殊疑问句。常见的疑问副词有how,when,where,why等。v几组常见副词的用法。valso,too,eitherv三者都表示“也”。also通常放在句中,位于系动词、情态动词或助动词后面,实义动词前面;too通常用在肯定句中,放在句末;either用在否定句中,放在句末。vvery与muchv二者都可以表示“很”,但用法不同:very修饰形容词和副词的原级,而much修饰形
14、容词和副词的比较级。vago与beforevago表示以现在为起点的一段时间以前,不能单独使用,必须和一些表示时间概念的短语搭配,常和过去时连用。before表示在过去或将来某个时间以前,也可以指“以前”,可单独使用,常与过去完成时、过去时、现在完成时连用。vso与suchvso修饰形容词或副词,表示“如此地”;such修饰名词,表示“如此的”。many,much,little,few名词,前面只能用so而不能用such修饰;such可以修饰a lot of名词。vsometime,sometimes,some time与some timesvsometime某一时间,某一时刻(可指将来,也可
15、指过去)vsometimes有时,不时的vsome time一段时间vsome times几次,几倍v【例 4】The baby is sleeping.Please speak _.(2013,聊城)vAloudly Bclearly Cquietly Dpolitelyv解析:loudly意为“大声地,响亮地”;clearly意为“清楚地”;quietly意为“安静地,悄悄地”;politely意为“礼貌地”。句意为“那个宝宝正在睡觉,请悄悄地说”。v答案:_C_v【例5】Speak aloud,please!I can _ hear you.(2013,莱芜)vAusually Balm
16、ost Chardly Dnearlyv解析:usually“通常”;almost“几乎;差不多”;hardly“几乎不”;nearly“几乎;差不多”。由前句“请大声讲话!”推知,后句句意为“我几乎听不见你说话。”v答案:_C_v【例6】_ can you finish this English examination?vIn about one and a half hours.vAHow far BHow oftenvCHow soon DHow longv解析:how far“多远”;how often“多久一次”;how soon“多久以后”;how long“多长时间”。由答语句意
17、“大约一个半小时以后”可知此处是提问“多久以后”。v答案:_C_v高频考向三形容词、副词等级的用法v1形容词、副词比较级和最高级的构成v规则变化构成方法构成方法原原级级比比较级较级最高最高级级一般单音节词末尾加er,estsmallfastquicksmallerfasterquickersmallestfastestquickest以不以不发发音的音的e结结尾的尾的单单音音节词节词末尾加末尾加r,stnicefinenicerfinernicestfinest以辅音字母y结尾的双音节单词,先把y变为i,再加er,estlonelyhappylonelierhappierloneliestha
18、ppiest以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节单词,双写末尾的字母再加er,esthotbigthinhotterbiggerthinnerhottestbiggestthinnest部分双音部分双音节词节词或多音或多音节词节词在原在原级级前加前加more,mostinterestingtiredmoreinterestingmore tiredmostinterestingmost tired原原级级比比较级较级最高最高级级good/wellbetterbestbad/ill/badlyworseworstlittlelessleastmany/muchmoremostfarfartherfar
19、thestoldolder/elderoldest/eldestlatelaterlatestv下列单、双音节词只能加more和most原原级级比比较级较级最高最高级级like(相似的,同样的)more likemost likereal(真的)more realmost realtired(疲乏的)more tiredmost tiredpleased(高兴的)more pleasedmost pleasedoften(经常)more oftenmost oftenv2.形容词、副词等级的用法v原级的用法v只能修饰原级的词:very,quite,so,too,rather。如:He is t
20、oo tired to walk on.他太累了以至于不能再继续走了。vas.as.和一样(中间用原级)vnot as(so).as和不一样(中间用原级)如:Tom is as old as Kate.汤姆和凯特年龄一样大。vTom is twice as old as Kate.汤姆的年龄是凯特的两倍。vThis room is not so/as big as that one.这个房间不如那个大。v比较级的用法v可以修饰比较级的词:much,a lot,far,a little,a bit,even,still。v.than.比v如:Tom is taller than Kate.汤姆比
21、凯特高。v选择疑问句中,二选一时v如:Which is bigger,the earth or the moon?哪一个更大,地球还是月球?v用比较级表示最高级的意思v如:The Yangtze River is longer than any other river in China.在中国,长江比其他任何一条河都长。v“比较级and比较级”表示“越来越”v如:He is getting taller and taller.他变得越来越高了。vThe flowers are more and more beautiful.花儿越来越漂亮了。v“the比较级,the比较级”表示“越,就越”v如
22、:The more careful you are,the fewer mistakes youll make.你越认真,犯的错误就越少。v在比较级中为了避免重复,在than后常用one,that,those等词来替代前面提到过的名词。v如:The weather here is warmer than that in Shanghai.这里的天气比上海的暖和。v表示倍数的比较v如:This room is three times bigger than that one.这个房间比那个大3倍。v最高级的用法v形容词最高级前一定要用the,副词最高级前可省略the。v有范围(in,of,amo
23、ng或从句等)修饰的用最高级。v如:Winter is the coldest season of the year.冬季是一年里最冷的季节。vThis is the best film that I have ever seen.这是我所看过的最好的电影。v“主语beone of the形容词最高级复数名词in/of短语”表示“是中最之一”。v如:Beijing is one of the largest cities in China.北京是中国最大的城市之一。v选择疑问句中用于三者或三者以上的比较。v如:Which country is the largest,China,Brazil
24、or Canada?哪一个国家最大,中国,巴西还是加拿大?vWhich season do you like(the)best,spring,summer or autumn?你最喜欢哪一个季节,春天,夏天还是秋天?v表示“第几个最”时,用“the序数词最高级名词单数”的结构。v如:The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.黄河是中国第二长河。v【例7】My grandpa told a good story,but I told a _ one.(2013,河南)vAgood Bbetter Cbest Dworsev解析:由
25、前半句句意“我爷爷讲了一个好故事”可知,后半句句意为“但我讲了一个更好的”,两者比较用比较级。v答案:_B_v【例8】Many boy students think math is _ English.vI agree.Im weak in English.(2013,十堰)vAmuch difficult than Bso difficult asvCless difficult than Dmore difficult thanv解析:A选项中much常用来修饰比较级,此处后面跟原级,故排除。B选项的结构常常用在否定句中,故排除。根据题干I agree.Im weak in English
26、.可推知前句意为“大多数男学生认为数学没有英语难”。v答案:_C_v【例9】Im sorry Im late.I should get here 10 minutes _.(2013,河北)vAearly BearliervCthe earlier Dthe earliestv解析:根据前句“Im sorry Im late.(很抱歉我迟到了。)可推知后句句意为“我应该早10分钟到达这儿。”指的是与现在相比较更早些,故用比较级。注意,除非明确指两者中“较(更)的一个”,即两者进行比较时,或用在固定句式中,否则比较级前不能加the。v答案:_B_v【例10】He looks much _ wit
27、hout sunglasses.(2013,济宁)vAwell Bgood Cbest Dbetterv解析:much修饰形容词的比较级,表示比较的程度,意为“得多”。句意为“不戴太阳镜,他看上去好得多。”v答案:_D_1、了解面对逆境,远比如何接受顺境重要得多2023/4/232023/4/2310:04:43 AM。2023/4/232023/4/23Sunday,April 23,20232、一般的伟人总是让身边的人感到渺小Sunday,April 23,202310:04:43 AM4/23/2023 10:04:43 AM10:04Apr-23。2023/4/232023/4/232
28、023/4/234/23/2023 10:04:43 AM3、2023/4/23Apr-2323-Apr-234、昨天是张退票的支票23-Apr-2310:04:43 AM10:042023/4/232023/4/232023/4/23Sunday,April 23,20235、积极人格的完善是本,财富的确立是末23-4月-23。2023/4/232023/4/232023/4/232023/4/234/23/20236、昨晚多几分钟的准备4/23/2023 10:04:43 AM23 四月 20232023/4/232023/4/232023/4/237、每一发奋努力的背,必有加倍的赏赐20
29、23/4/23四月 232023/4/232023/4/232023/4/234/23/20238、业余生活要有意义,不要越轨。2023/4/232023/4/2323 April 20239、要及时把握梦想,因为梦想一死4/23/2023 10:04:43 AM。2023/4/232023/4/232023/4/232023/4/2310、一个人的梦想也许不值钱,但一个人的努力很值钱。4/23/2023 10:04:43 AM2023/4/2323-4月-2311、在真实的生命里,每桩伟业都由信心开始,并由信心跨出第一步。4/23/2023 10:04 AM4/23/2023 10:04 A
30、M2023/4/232023/4/23谢谢大家谢谢大家1、每一个成功者都有一个开始。勇于开始,才能找到成功的路2023/4/2310:042、成功源于不懈的努力,人生最大的敌人是自己怯懦。2023/4/232023/4/232023/4/234/23/2023 10:04:44 AM3、每天只看目标,别老想障碍Sunday,April 23,2023。2023/4/232023/4/232023/4/23Monday,July 19,202123-Apr-234、宁愿辛苦一阵子,不要辛苦一辈子2023/4/23。2023/4/232023/4/232023/4/23Sunday,April 2
31、3,20235、积极向上的心态,是成功者的最基本要素2023/4/23。2023/4/232023/4/232023/4/232023/4/234/23/20236、生活总会给你另一个机会,2023/4/2310:04:44 AM2023/4/232023/4/232023/4/237、人生就像骑单车,想保持平衡就得往前走21:19:482023/4/232023/4/234/23/20238、业余生活要有意义,不要越轨。2023/4/232023/4/2323 April 20239、我们必须在失败中寻找胜利Sunday,April 23,20232023/4/2310、一个人的梦想也许不值钱,但一个人的努力很值钱。4/23/2023 10:04:44 AM2023/4/2323-4月-2311、在真实的生命里,每桩伟业都由信心开始,并由信心跨出第一步。4/23/2023 10:04 AM4/23/2023 10:04 AM2023/4/232023/4/23谢谢大家谢谢大家