《【聚焦中考】中考英语 动词和动词短语(考点精讲+考点跟踪突破+13年中考试题示例)名师课件 人教新目标版.ppt》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《【聚焦中考】中考英语 动词和动词短语(考点精讲+考点跟踪突破+13年中考试题示例)名师课件 人教新目标版.ppt(28页珍藏版)》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、聚焦中考英语(普版)第第2727讲讲动词和动词短语动词和动词短语n【名题实战】n1Tommy,dont make a mess in your room.nOK,mum.I will _B_ my toys at once.(2013,义乌)nAtake out Bput awaynCplay with Dlook forn2He _C_ an English club last year and has improved his English a lot.(2013,天津)nAprotected BproducednCjoined Dreceivedn3Whose book is this
2、?nIt _D_ our geography teachers.You see,his name is on it.(2013,烟台)nAcant be Bcan benCmustnt be Dmust ben4It seems that the aged people _A_ the H7N9 more easily from the recent cases.(2013,武汉)nApick up Bmix upnCset up Duse upn5_C_ a light when necessary.You will bring light to other people and yours
3、elf.(2013,河南)nATry on BGet on CTurn on DPut onn6Oh,it _B_ so nice.What beautiful music it is!(2013,重庆)nAsmells Bsounds Ctastes Dlooksn7How many English words do you think I should know?nAs many as you _C_Then you will find reading quite easy.(2013,丽水,金华)nAwill Bmust Ccan Dmightn8The local people lik
4、e that Italian restaurant because it _D_ both delicious food and good service.(2013,东营)nAuses Bwants Cshares Dprovidesn【考点梳理】n动词与动词短语是中考考查的重点之一。在语境中考查考生对基础知识的掌握程度越来越受到重视。考查的范围有:行为动词、系动词、助动词、情态动词或动词及动词短语间的辨析。n大多数动词都有五种基本形式:动词原形、第三人称单数、现在分词、过去式和过去分词。n1第三人称单数形式的构成n一般现在时中主语是第三人称单数时,谓语动词后要加s或es,其变化规则与名词变
5、复数的方法大体相同。规则变规则变化化动词动词原形第三人称单数形式及读音一般在动词词尾加s(s在清辅音后读/s/,s在浊辅音后读/z/)workgrowworks/s/grows/z/以s,x,sh,ch或o结尾的动词加es(es读/iz/,o后的es读/z/)guessmixfinishcatchgoguesses/iz/mixes/iz/finishes/iz/catches/iz/goes/z/以字母以字母e结结尾的尾的动词动词,直接加,直接加s(s读读/z/或或/s/)writelikewrites/z/likes/s/以以辅辅音字母加音字母加y结结尾的尾的动词动词,变变y为为i,再加,
6、再加es(ies读读/iz/)studycarrystudies/iz/carries/iz/以元音字母加y结尾的动词,直接加s(s读/z/)playsayplays/z/says/z/n不规则变化的有havehas等。n2现在分词的构成规则变规则变化化动词动词原形原形现现在分在分词词一般在动词后加inghelpworkhelpingworking以不发音的字母e结尾的动词,先去e再加ingwritemovewritingmoving以y结尾的动词,直接加ingplaystudyplayingstudying以重读闭音节结尾的动词,先双写末尾的辅音字母,再加inggetbegingetting
7、beginning以ie结尾的名词,一般将ie改为y,再加ingliedielyingdyingn3.过去式和过去分词的构成n规则变化规则变规则变化化动词动词原形原形过过去式,去式,过过去分去分词词及其及其读读音音一般在动词词尾加ed(在清辅音后读/t/,在浊辅音后读d,在t和d后读/id/)askanswerwantneedaskedasked/t/answeredanswered/d/wantedwanted/id/neededneeded/id/以不发音的e结尾的动词,只加d(读/d/)lovedancelovedloved/d/danceddanced/d/以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,把
8、y变为i,再加ed(读/d/)trystudytriedtried/d/studiedstudied/d/以元音字母加以元音字母加y结结尾的尾的动词动词,直接加直接加ed(读读/d/)playstayplayedplayed/d/stayedstayed/d/以重读闭音节结尾的动词,先双写末尾的辅音字母,再加ed(在清辅音后读/t/,在浊辅音后读/d/,在t和d后读/id/)stopplanstoppedstopped/t/plannedplanned/d/n不规则变化需单独记忆。n高频考向一实义动词词义辨析n实义动词。能独立作谓语,根据后面是否带宾语,可分为及物动词和不及物动词。n1及物动词
9、n及物动词后面要跟宾语才能使句子句意完整。如love,need,want等。它主要用于三种句型中:n动词宾语n如:I bought some books yesterday.我昨天买了一些书。(bought后有宾语books,为及物动词)n动词宾语宾补n动词间接宾语直接宾语n2不及物动词n不及物动词本身有完整的意思,后不需接宾语。n如:He always studies hard。他一直努力学习。(study后无宾语,为不及物动词)n若不及物动词需要带宾语,其后需加适当的介词,才可以跟宾语。n有的动词既可作及物动词,也可作不及物动词。n如:She sings very well.她唱得很好。(
10、sing是不及物动词)nShe sang an English song just now.她刚才唱了一首英文歌。(sing是及物动词)n【例1】Ive left my keys in the meeting room.Please_them for me.nAll right.(2013,绍兴)nAbuy BpaintnCwash Dfetchn解析:由语境可知,说话者把钥匙忘在了会议室里,请听话者帮忙去取一下。fetch意为“去取(某物)”,符合语境。n答案:_D_n【例2】Why are you_a Tshirt?Youll probably catch a cold in this v
11、ery cold weather.(2013,枣庄)nAwearing BrecyclingnCpulling Dsellingn解析:由语境可知句意为“你为什么穿着一件T恤衫?在这样非常寒冷的天气里你可能会感冒”。wear“穿”;recycle“回收利用”;pull“拉,拖”;sell“卖”。n答案:_A_n【例3】What does the instruction say?nThe colors in the dress will_if you use hot water.(2013,武汉)nAfall BappearnCrun Dshinen解析:fall“摔下,落下”;appear“显
12、现;出现”;run“跑;褪色”;shine“发光;闪耀”。根据生活常识可知,有些衣服如果用热水洗会褪色。n答案:_C_n高频考向二系动词和助动词的用法n1系动词。n本身有词义,但不能独立作谓语,须与表语一起构成谓语。用来表示主语状态的系动词只有be(am,is,are,was,were);用来表示主语继续或保持一种状态或态度的系动词有keep,stay,remain,stand等;表象系动词有look,seem,appear等;表示人的感觉的系动词有feel,smell,sound,taste等;表变化的系动词有become,get,grow,turn等。n2助动词。n本身无意义或意义不完整,
13、不能独立用作谓语。它须与别的动词连用,帮助构成各种时态、语态、否定句和疑问句等。常用助动词有be,have,has,do,does,did,will和shall等。n【例4】What do you think of the Zongzi?nThey _ delicious.Are they made by your mother?(2013,宜宾)nAsound Btaste Cfeel Dlookn解析:由语境可知“粽子应该是尝起来很美味”。sound“听起来”;taste“尝起来”;feel“感觉”;look“看起来”。n答案:_B_n【例5】Do you like watching TV
14、?nNo,but my brother_.nAdoes Bdo Cis Dlikesn解析:通常我们用助动词替代上文提到的动词,以免重复。my brother为第三人称单数,故“does”符合题意。n答案:_A_n高频考向三情态动词的用法n情态动词有一定的词义,但不能独立作谓语,须与动词原形一起构成谓语,表示说话人的情绪、态度和语气。情态动词没有人称和数的变化。n1can(could)n表能力,could表过去的能力。can与be able to的意义基本相同。但can只有一般现在时和一般过去时,而be able to能用于各种时态。n表可能性。n表许可。口语中可代替may。ncant表有把握
15、的否定判断,意为“不可能”。ncould在口语中,常代替can来向对方比较委婉客气地提出请求或表示看法。此时could不表示过去时。n2may(might)n用来征求对方意见,意为“可以”。口语性较强。might可以指过去时间;也可指现在时间,语气更委婉。n表猜测和对可能性的判断,意为“可能;也许”。might可以指过去时间;也可指现在时间,语气更加不肯定。n3mustn表说话人的主观意志,意为“必须,应该”。无时态变化。其否定答语常用neednt或dont have to,意为“不必”。注:have to意为“不得不;必须”,主要强调受到外界客观因素的迫使。它可用于多种时态,且有人称和数的变
16、化。nmust本身的否定形式mustnt意为“不许;一定不要”,表示禁止和告诫。n表示对事物的推测,意为“想必;一定”,只用于肯定句。且比may的语气要肯定的多。n4wouldn作情态动词时,无人称限制,表意愿,常与like,love连用。n5shouldn表义务。意为“应该”(某件事宜于做),用于各种人称。n表推测,意为“想必一定、照说应该、估计”等。n【例6】Are you in a hurry?nNo,Ive got plenty of time.I_wait.(2013,盐城)nAcan Bcant Cmust Dmustntn解析:can“可以,能够”;cant“不能”;must“一
17、定,必须”;mustnt“不允许,禁止”。由语境可知答语为“我有许多时间,我可以等。”n答案:_A_n【例7】May I play computer games now,Mom?nNo,you_finish your homework first.(2013,临沂)nAmust Bcan Ccould Dmayn解析:must“必须”;can“能,可以”;could“能,可以”;may“可以”。根据对话情景“妈妈,现在我可以玩电脑游戏吗?”“不能。”可知,本句句意为“你必须先完成你的家庭作业”,故用must,表示命令。n答案:_A_n【例8】Must I go to medical schoo
18、l and be a doctor like you,Dad?nNo,you_,son,youre free to make your own decision.(2013,上海)nAcant Bmustnt Cshouldnt Dneedntn解析:对“Must I.?”句型的否定回答应为“No,you neednt.”或“No,you dont have to.”n答案:_D_n【例9】Someone is knocking at the door.Is it Ann?nIt_be her.She is giving a performance at the theater now.(20
19、13,广东)nAmay Bmust Ccant Dmustntn解析:由答语第二句“她现在在剧院进行表演”说明敲门的一定不是她。may“可能是”,表示把握性不大的推测;must“一定是”,表示肯定推测;cant“不可能是”,用于有把握的否定推测;mustnt表示“千万别,一定别”。n答案:_C_n高频考向四动词短语n动词短语指动词跟一个或两个介词或副词构成的固定词语。其意义上与原来动词不同。n1动词短语的分类:n动词介词narrive in(at),ask for,begin with,be from,come from,get to,laugh at,look for,send for,wa
20、it forn及物动词副词nfind out,give up,look up(查找),put on,pick up,ring up,take off(脱下),take away,turn on,turn off,think overn不及物动词副词nget up,go on,grow up,set off,stand up,take off(起飞)n动词副词介词nget on(along)with,catch up with,come up with,go on with,look forward ton动词名词介词ntake part in,make friends with,take ca
21、re ofnbe形容词介词nbe good at,be interested in,be good for,be worried aboutn2初中阶段常用短语如下:nlook短语nlook for寻找;look after照顾;look over查看;look forward to渴望,向往;look at看着;look up抬头看,查找,look into 调查;look out当心;look like看起来像;look the same看起来一样;look through浏览nput短语nput off推迟;put on 穿上,上演;put away 把暂时收起来;put out扑灭;p
22、ut down写下;put back放回;put up 举起,建造,张贴。nturn短语nturn on打开;turn off关掉;turn up把音量开大一点;turn down把音量开小一点;turn to朝向;turn into变成;turn over翻开,翻转;turn into把变成。nget短语nget on/along(well)with与某人相处(融洽);get up起床;get on上车(船、飞机、马);get off下车(船、飞机、马);get back回去;get back to回到;get away离开,逃脱;get down下来;get home到家;get into
23、进入,陷入;get out(of)(从)出去;get to到达;get together聚会。ntake短语ntake off(飞机)起飞,脱掉(衣服);take in吸收,上当;take away拿走;take out取出;take on雇佣,呈现;take down取下;take up占据时间、空间,开始从事,拿起。nagree短语nagree with同意某人的(意见、想法、分析、解释);agree to同意(计划、办法);agree to do sth.同意做某事。ngo短语ngo over温习,复习;go swimming/skating/shopping/dancing/fishi
24、ng/hunting/camping去 游泳/溜冰/购物/跳舞/钓鱼/打猎/野营;go into走进;go out出去,熄灭;go away走开;go back回去,回顾;go up上升,攀登;go by时间流逝,从旁经过;go down下降,下沉;go for为而去;go on继续;go through经历;go to school去上学;go home回家;go to the doctor去看医生。ncome短语ncome along一道来;come in进来;come into进入;come out出来,出版;come down下来;come from来自;come back回来;com
25、e across偶然遇到;come over过来;come home回家;come into use开始使用;come on快,得啦,跟着来,加油。ngive短语ngive up放弃;give off放出、发出(气体、气味、烟雾、光、水、热等);give out精疲力竭、累倒,耗尽、用完;give away泄露,赠送;give in屈服,让步,投降。nmake短语nmake a decision作出决定;make sb.do sth.让某人做某事;make a mistake犯错误;make progress取得进步;make friends with与交朋友;make up编造,虚构,打扮,
26、构成,组成;make a face做鬼脸。nbe短语nbe friendly/kind to对友好;be different from与不同;be afraid of害怕;be popular with受欢迎;be interested in对感兴趣;be strict with对某人严格;be strict in对某事严格;be famous/known as作为出名;be famous/known for因著名;be surprised at对惊讶;be pleased with对满意;be proud of对感到自豪;be polite/impolite to对某人有礼貌/不礼貌;be
27、thankful/grateful to对某人感激;be good for对有好处;be good at擅长于;be made up of由构成;be angry with对某人生气;be busy with忙于;be fullnof/filled with装满;be late for迟到;be covered with覆盖着。ncall短语ncall at拜访(后接地点);call on拜访(后接被拜访的对象),号召;call back回电话;call up打电话,使回忆起;call for 叫某人同往某处。n【例10】Why do you collect so many old bikes
28、?nIll have them _ and give away to the children who dont have bikes.(2013,菏泽)nAused up Bgiven up Cfixed up Dset upn解析:句意为“我要把它们修理好送给那些没有自行车的孩子们”,use up“用完”;give up“放弃”;set up“建立”;fix up“修理”。n答案:_C_n【例11】Well _ an English play“Snow White”during this years Art Festival.(2013,重庆)nAlook up Blook out Cpu
29、t off Dput onn解析:look up“向上看;查找”;look out“小心;注意”;put off“推迟”;put on“穿上;上演”。由an English play(一部英语戏剧)可知与之搭配的短语应为put on(上演)。句意为“今年艺术节期间我们将上演一部英语戏剧白雪公主。”n答案:_D_n【例12】Ann is going on a tour of Xian,and she wants to_ Chinese history.(2013,江西)nAdream of Blearn aboutnClook through Dpass onn解析:dream of“梦到;梦想
30、”;learn about“了解”;look through“浏览”;pass on“传递”。由前半句句意“安打算到西安旅行”可知,后半句句意为“她想了解中国的历史”。n答案:_B_1、了解面对逆境,远比如何接受顺境重要得多2023/3/52023/3/511:03:42 PM。2023/3/52023/3/5Sunday,March 5,20232、一般的伟人总是让身边的人感到渺小Sunday,March 5,202311:03:42 PM3/5/2023 11:03:42 PM23:03Mar-23。2023/3/52023/3/52023/3/53/5/2023 11:03:42 PM3
31、、2023/3/5Mar-2305-Mar-234、昨天是张退票的支票05-Mar-2311:03:42 PM23:032023/3/52023/3/52023/3/5Sunday,March 5,20235、积极人格的完善是本,财富的确立是末05-3月-23。2023/3/52023/3/52023/3/52023/3/53/5/20236、昨晚多几分钟的准备3/5/2023 11:03:42 PM05 三月 20232023/3/52023/3/52023/3/57、每一发奋努力的背,必有加倍的赏赐2023/3/5三月 232023/3/52023/3/52023/3/53/5/20238
32、、业余生活要有意义,不要越轨。2023/3/52023/3/505 March 20239、要及时把握梦想,因为梦想一死3/5/2023 11:03:42 PM。2023/3/52023/3/52023/3/52023/3/510、一个人的梦想也许不值钱,但一个人的努力很值钱。3/5/2023 11:03:42 PM2023/3/505-3月-2311、在真实的生命里,每桩伟业都由信心开始,并由信心跨出第一步。3/5/2023 11:03 PM3/5/2023 11:03 PM2023/3/52023/3/5谢谢大家谢谢大家1、每一个成功者都有一个开始。勇于开始,才能找到成功的路2023/3/
33、523:032、成功源于不懈的努力,人生最大的敌人是自己怯懦。2023/3/52023/3/52023/3/53/5/2023 11:03:42 PM3、每天只看目标,别老想障碍Sunday,March 5,2023。2023/3/52023/3/52023/3/5Monday,July 19,202105-Mar-234、宁愿辛苦一阵子,不要辛苦一辈子2023/3/5。2023/3/52023/3/52023/3/5Sunday,March 5,20235、积极向上的心态,是成功者的最基本要素2023/3/5。2023/3/52023/3/52023/3/52023/3/53/5/20236
34、、生活总会给你另一个机会,2023/3/511:03:42 PM2023/3/52023/3/52023/3/57、人生就像骑单车,想保持平衡就得往前走21:19:482023/3/52023/3/53/5/20238、业余生活要有意义,不要越轨。2023/3/52023/3/505 March 20239、我们必须在失败中寻找胜利Sunday,March 5,20232023/3/510、一个人的梦想也许不值钱,但一个人的努力很值钱。3/5/2023 11:03:42 PM2023/3/505-3月-2311、在真实的生命里,每桩伟业都由信心开始,并由信心跨出第一步。3/5/2023 11:03 PM3/5/2023 11:03 PM2023/3/52023/3/5谢谢大家谢谢大家